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Lactonase
Lactonase (EC 3.1.1.81, acyl-homoserine lactonase; systematic name ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a metalloenzyme, produced by certain species of bacteria, which targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). It catalyzes the reaction : an ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H2O \rightleftharpoons an ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine Many species of α-, β-, and γ-proteobacteria produce acylated homoserine lactones, small hormone-like molecules commonly used as communication signals between bacterial cells in a population to regulate certain gene expression and phenotypic behaviours. This type of gene regulation is known as quorum sensing. Other names for these types of enzymes are Quorum-quenching ''N''-acyl-homoserine lactonase, acyl homoserine degrading enzyme, acyl-homoserine lactone acylase, AHL lactonase, AHL-degrading enzyme, AHL-inactivating enzyme, AHLase, AhlD, AhlK, AiiA, AiiA lactonase, AiiA-like protein, AiiB, AiiC, AttM, delactonase, la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactonase Active Site
Lactonase (EC 3.1.1.81, acyl-homoserine lactonase; systematic name ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a metalloenzyme, produced by certain species of bacteria, which targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). It catalyzes the reaction : an ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H2O \rightleftharpoons an ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine Many species of α-, β-, and γ-proteobacteria produce acylated homoserine lactones, small hormone-like molecules commonly used as communication signals between bacterial cells in a population to regulate certain gene expression and phenotypic behaviours. This type of gene regulation is known as quorum sensing. Other names for these types of enzymes are Quorum-quenching ''N''-acyl-homoserine lactonase, acyl homoserine degrading enzyme, acyl-homoserine lactone acylase, AHL lactonase, AHL-degrading enzyme, AHL-inactivating enzyme, AHLase, AhlD, AhlK, AiiA, AiiA lactonase, AiiA-like protein, AiiB, AiiC, AttM, delactonase, la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactonase Dinuclear Zinc
Lactonase (EC 3.1.1.81, acyl-homoserine lactonase; systematic name ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a metalloenzyme, produced by certain species of bacteria, which targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). It catalyzes the reaction : an ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H2O \rightleftharpoons an ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine Many species of α-, β-, and γ-proteobacteria produce acylated homoserine lactones, small hormone-like molecules commonly used as communication signals between bacterial cells in a population to regulate certain gene expression and phenotypic behaviours. This type of gene regulation is known as quorum sensing. Other names for these types of enzymes are Quorum-quenching ''N''-acyl-homoserine lactonase, acyl homoserine degrading enzyme, acyl-homoserine lactone acylase, AHL lactonase, AHL-degrading enzyme, AHL-inactivating enzyme, AHLase, AhlD, AhlK, AiiA, AiiA lactonase, AiiA-like protein, AiiB, AiiC, AttM, delactonase, la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactonase Mechanism
Lactonase (EC 3.1.1.81, acyl-homoserine lactonase; systematic name ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a metalloenzyme, produced by certain species of bacteria, which targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). It catalyzes the reaction : an ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H2O \rightleftharpoons an ''N''-acyl-L-homoserine Many species of α-, β-, and γ-proteobacteria produce acylated homoserine lactones, small hormone-like molecules commonly used as communication signals between bacterial cells in a population to regulate certain gene expression and phenotypic behaviours. This type of gene regulation is known as quorum sensing. Other names for these types of enzymes are Quorum-quenching ''N''-acyl-homoserine lactonase, acyl homoserine degrading enzyme, acyl-homoserine lactone acylase, AHL lactonase, AHL-degrading enzyme, AHL-inactivating enzyme, AHLase, AhlD, AhlK, AiiA, AiiA lactonase, AiiA-like protein, AiiB, AiiC, AttM, delactonase, la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraoxonase
Paraoxonases are a family of mammalian enzymes with aryldialkylphosphatase activity. There are three paraoxonase isozymes, which were originally discovered for their involvement in the hydrolysis of organophosphates. Research has indicated the enzymatic activity of paraoxonases is more diversified than its activity as an organophosphatase. Esterase and lactonase activity has also been observed from these enzymes and though the physiologically relevant substrates for these enzymes are unknown, it is likely that lactones are the main substrate (although there is a relatively high level of variation in substrate specificity among these enzymes). Most of the studies on the paraoxonase family have specifically looked at the paraoxonase 1 type, leaving much to be learned about the remaining two. The study of this enzyme family has many potential consequences in preventative medicine and toxicology as well as in certain societal contexts. The genes that encode for these enzymes have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Redox
Redox (reduction–oxidation, , ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate (chemistry), substrate change. Oxidation is the loss of Electron, electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state. There are two classes of redox reactions: * ''Electron-transfer'' – Only one (usually) electron flows from the reducing agent to the oxidant. This type of redox reaction is often discussed in terms of redox couples and electrode potentials. * ''Atom transfer'' – An atom transfers from one substrate to another. For example, in the rusting of iron, the oxidation state of iron atoms increases as the iron converts to an oxide, and simultaneously the oxidation state of oxygen decreases as it accepts electrons released by the iron. Although oxidation reactions are commonly associated with the formation of oxides, other chemical species can serve the same function. In hydrogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low-density Lipoprotein
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein that transport all fat molecules around the body in extracellular water. These groups, from least dense to most dense, are chylomicrons (aka ULDL by the overall density naming convention), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL delivers fat molecules to cells. LDL is involved in atherosclerosis, a process in which it is oxidized within the walls of arteries. Overview Lipoproteins transfer lipids ( fats) around the body in the extracellular fluid, making fats available to body cells for receptor-mediated endocytosis. Lipoproteins are complex particles composed of multiple proteins, typically 80–100 proteins per particle (organized by a single apolipoprotein B for LDL and the larger particles). A single LDL particle is about 220–275 angstroms in diameter, typically transporting 3,000 to 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Journal Of Medical Microbiology
The ''International Journal of Medical Microbiology'', formerly the ''Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie'', is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on microbiology published by Elsevier. It was established in 1887 by Friedrich Loeffler. The current editor-in-chief is Sebastian Suerbaum (Max von Pettenkofer-Institut). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2017 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 3.298. References External links * {{Official website, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/701772/description#description Microbiology journals Elsevier academic journals Publications established in 1887 English-language journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erwinia Carotovora
''Pectobacterium carotovorum'' is a bacterium of the family Pectobacteriaceae; it used to be a member of the genus ''Erwinia''. The species is a plant pathogen with a diverse host range, including many agriculturally and scientifically important plant species. It produces pectolytic enzymes that hydrolyze pectin between individual plant cells. This causes the cells to separate, a disease plant pathologists term bacterial soft rot. Specifically, it causes beet vascular necrosis and blackleg of potato and other vegetables (hence the name ''carotovora'' – "carrot-eater"), as well as slime flux on many different tree species. Currently, there are four described subspecies of ''P. carotovorum'' (''carotovorum, brasiliense, odoriferum'', and ''actinidiae''). This bacterium is a ubiquitous plant pathogen with a wide host range (carrot, potato, tomato, leafy greens, squash and other cucurbits, onion, green peppers, African violets, etc.), able to cause disease in almost any plant t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' is a common encapsulated, gram-negative, aerobic– facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. A species of considerable medical importance, ''P. aeruginosa'' is a multidrug resistant pathogen recognized for its ubiquity, its intrinsically advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and its association with serious illnesses – hospital-acquired infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and various sepsis syndromes. The organism is considered opportunistic insofar as serious infection often occurs during existing diseases or conditions – most notably cystic fibrosis and traumatic burns. It generally affects the immunocompromised but can also infect the immunocompetent as in hot tub folliculitis. Treatment of ''P. aeruginosa'' infections can be difficult due to its natural resistance to antibiotics. When more advanced antibiotic drug regimens are needed adverse eff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,4-lactonase
In enzymology, a 1,4-lactonase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the generic chemical reaction: :a 1,4-lactone + HO \rightleftharpoons a 4-hydroxyacid Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1,4-lactone and HO, whereas its product is 4-hydroxyacid. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1,4-lactone . This enzyme is also called gamma-lactonase. This enzyme participates in galactose metabolism and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. It employs one cofactor, calcium. Structural studies As of late 2007, three structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , and . Applications In a study by Chen et al. a 1,4-lactonase was expressed in E. coli and used as a highly efficient biocatalyst for asymmetric synthesis Enantioselective synthesis, also called asymmetric synthesis, is a form of chemical synthesis. It is defined by IUPAC as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate Lactonase
The enzyme 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase (EC 3.1.1.57, LigI) catalyzes the reversible hydrolytic reaction :2-oxo-2''H''-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H2O = (1''E'')-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate This enzyme belongs to the Amidohydrolase superfamily of enzymes and is a member of Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) 3618. The systematic name of this enzyme is 2-oxo-2''H''-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonohydrolase. This enzyme is found to play an important role in the metabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds in both the syringate degradation pathway and the protocatechuate 4,5-cleavage pathway. LigI from ''Sphingomonas ''Sphingomonas'' was defined in 1990 as a group of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, chemoheterotrophic, strictly aerobic bacteria. They possess ubiquinone 10 as their major respiratory quinone, contain glycosphingolipids (GSLs), specifically ceram ...'' is of particular interest as it has been shown to be the first member of the amidohydrolase super ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
-_Bacterial_soft_rot.jpg "Click for more on -> Erwinia Carotovora")
