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Kaza (country Subdivision)
A kaza (, , , plural: , , ; ota, قضا, script=Arab, (; meaning 'borough') * bg, околия (; meaning 'district'); also Кааза * el, υποδιοίκησις () or (, which means 'borough' or 'municipality'); also () * lad, kaza , group=note) is an administrative division historically used in the Ottoman Empire and is currently used in several of its successor states. The term is from Ottoman Turkish and means 'jurisdiction'; it is often translated 'district', 'sub-district' (though this also applies to a ), or 'juridical district'. Ottoman Empire In the Ottoman Empire, a kaza was originally a "geographical area subject to the legal and administrative jurisdiction of a ''kadı''. With the first Tanzimat reforms of 1839, the administrative duties of the ''kadı'' were transferred to a governor ''(kaymakam)'', with the ''kadıs'' acting as judges of Islamic law. In the Tanzimat era, the kaza became an administrative district with the 1864 Provincial Reform Law, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of The Ottoman Empire
The language of the court and government of the Ottoman Empire was Ottoman Turkish, but many other languages were in contemporary use in parts of the empire. Although the minorities of the Ottoman Empire were free to use their language amongst themselves, if they needed to communicate with the government they had to use Ottoman Turkish. The Ottomans had altogether three influential languages known as "Alsina-i Thalātha" (The Three Languages) that were common to Ottoman readers: Ottoman Turkish, Arabic and Persian. Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania, Bosnia, and various Aegean Sea islands; Persian, initially a literary and high-court language used by the educated in the Ottoman Empire before being displaced by Ottoman Turkish; and Arabic, which was the legal and religious language of the empire and was also spoken regionally, mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Mesopotamia and the Levant., translat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mütesellim
''Mütesellim'' or ''mutesellim'' was an Ottoman gubernatorial title used to describe mainly the head of a ''nahiye'', but also other positions within the Ottoman hierarchy, depending on the context. Mostly this title was used for civil governors of individual towns, who managed tax collection and maintained public order. In order to reduce conflicts between ''mütesellim''s, in some cases one ''mütesellim'' was appointed by the ''sanjak-bey'' as lieutenant governor in charge for the whole ''sanjak''. The Ottoman Empire abolished the position of ''mütesellim'' in 1842. This position was often connected with conflicts between various parties who saw it as possibility to increase their personal wealth. In the period between 1842 and 1864 local military governors assisted by local administration were in charge for tax collection and control of the population instead of ''mütesellims''. After 1864 and the creation of the ''vilayet'' system, the office of ''mütesellim'' was replace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subdivisions Of The Ottoman Empire
The administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire were administrative divisions of the state organisation of the Ottoman Empire. Outside this system were various types of vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire, vassal and tributary states. The Ottoman Empire was first subdivided into provinces, in the sense of fixed territorial units with governors appointed by the sultan, in the late 14th century. The beylerbey, or governor, of each province was appointed by the central government. Sanjak, ''Sanjaks'' (banners) were governed by sanjak-beys, selected from the high military ranks by the central government. Beylerbeyis had authority over all the sancakbeyis in a region. qadaa, Kaza was a subdivision of sancak and referred to the basic administrative district, governed by a Kadı, kadi. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qadi
A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. History The term ''qāḍī'' was in use from the time of Muhammad during the early history of Islam, and remained the term used for judges throughout Islamic history and the period of the caliphates. While the '' muftī'' and '' fuqaha'' played the role in elucidation of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (''Uṣūl al-Fiqh'') and the Islamic law (''sharīʿa''), the ''qāḍī'' remained the key person ensuring the establishment of justice on the basis of these very laws and rules. Thus, the ''qāḍī'' was chosen from amongst those who had mastered the sciences of jurisprudence and law. The Abbasid caliphs created the office of "chief ''qāḍī''" (''qāḍī al-quḍāh''), who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcalde
Alcalde (; ) is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An ''alcalde'' was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian '' cabildo'' (the municipal council) and judge of first instance of a town. ''Alcaldes'' were elected annually, without the right to reelection for two or three years, by the ''regidores'' (council members) of the municipal council. The office of the ''alcalde'' was signified by a staff of office, which they were to take with them when doing their business. A woman who holds the office is termed an ''Alcaldesa''. In New Spain (Mexico), ''alcaldes mayores'' were chief administrators in colonial-era administrative territories termed ''alcaldías mayores''; in colonial-era Peru the units were called ''corregimientos''. ''Alcalde'' was also a title given to Indian officials inside the Spanish missions, who performed a large variety of duties for the Franciscan missionaries. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Districts Of Israel
There are six main administrative districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as ''mekhozot'' (; singular: ''makhoz'' ) and Arabic as ''mintaqah'' and fifteen sub-districts known as ''nafot'' (; singular: ''nafa'' ). Each sub-district is further divided into natural regions,Key to the Codes in the Maps - Districts, Sub-Districts and Natural Regions 2018 Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, 2021 , |
Districts Of Mandatory Palestine
The Districts and Sub-districts of Mandatory Palestine formed the first and second levels of administrative division and existed through the whole era of Mandatory Palestine, namely from 1920 to 1948. The number and territorial extent of the districts varied over time, as did their subdivision into sub-districts. In Arabic, a district was known as a ''minṭaqah'' (منطقة, plural ''manaṭiq'' مناطق), while in Hebrew it was known as a ''mahoz'' (מחוז, plural ''mehozot'' מחוזות). Each district had an administration headed by a District Governor, a role renamed as District Commissioner in 1925. Sub-districts were managed by an Assistant District Commissioner. They were aided by a District Officer, who was typically either Jewish or Arab, based on the ethnic make-up of the sub-district. By the end of the mandate period, Palestine was divided into 6 districts and 16 subdistricts. Administrative divisions prior to 1922 During the Ottoman period, Palestine was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and east, Iraq to the northeast, Syria to the north, and the Palestinian West Bank, Israel, and the Dead Sea to the west. It has a coastline in its southwest on the Gulf of Aqaba's Red Sea, which separates Jordan from Egypt. Amman is Jordan's capital and largest city, as well as its economic, political, and cultural centre. Modern-day Jordan has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period. Three stable kingdoms emerged there at the end of the Bronze Age: Ammon, Moab and Edom. In the third century BC, the Arab Nabataeans established their Kingdom with Petra as the capital. Later rulers of the Transjordan region include the Assyrian, Babylonian, Roman, Byzantine, Rashidun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Districts Of Lebanon
The nine governorates of Lebanon are subdivided into 25 districts (''Aqdya'', singular''qadaa''). Beirut Governorate is not subdivided into districts, and Akkar Governorate comprises a single district. The districts are further divided into municipalities. List of districts Capitals (مراكز) of the governorates and districts are indicated in parentheses. #Akkar Governorate ( Halba) #*Akkar ( Halba) #Baalbek-Hermel Governorate ( Baalbek) #* Baalbek ( Baalbek) #*Hermel (Hermel) # Beirut Governorate (Beirut) #Beqaa Governorate (Zahlé) #*Rashaya (Rashaya) #* Western Beqaa (Joub Jannine - winter Saghbine - summer) #* Zahle (Zahlé) # Mount Lebanon Governorate (Baabda) #*Byblos (Byblos) #* Keserwan ( Jounieh) #*Aley (Aley) #*Baabda (Baabda) #*Chouf (Beiteddine) #*Matn/Metn (Jdeideh) #Nabatieh Governorate (Nabatieh) #*Bint Jbeil (Bint Jbeil) #*Hasbaya (Hasbaya) #*Marjeyoun (Marjeyoun) #*Nabatieh (Nabatieh) # North Governorate (Tripoli) #*Batroun (Batroun) #*Bsharri (Bsharri) #* ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Districts Of Iraq
Iraq's 18 governorates are subdivided into 120 districts (''kaza''). The district usually bears the same name as the district capital. The districts are listed below, by governorate (with capital in parentheses): Al Anbar Governorate * Al-Qa'im District ( Al-Qa'im) * Ar-Rutba District (Ar-Rutba) * Anah District (Anah) * Fallujah District ( Fallujah) * Haditha District (Haditha) * Hīt District (Hīt) * Ramadi District (Ramadi) * Rawah District ( Rawah) Muthanna Governorate * Al-Khidhir District ( Al-Khidhir) * Al-Rumaitha District (Al-Rumaitha) * Al-Salman District ( Al-Salman) * Al-Samawa District (Samawa) Qadisiyyah Governorate * Afaq District ( Afaq) * Al-Shamiya District ( Al-Shamiya) * Diwaniya District (Diwaniya) * Hamza District ( Hamza) Babil Governorate * Al-Mahawil District ( Al-Mahawil) * Al-Musayab District (Al-Musayab) * Hashimiya District ( Hashimiya) * Hilla District (Hilla) Baghdad Governorate * Administrative Districts in Baghdad Ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mintaqah
Minṭaqah ( ; plural ''manāṭiq'' ) is a first-level administrative division in Saudi Arabia and Chad and for a second-level administrative division in several other Arab countries. It is often translated as ''region'' or ''district'', but the literal meaning is "region", "area", or even simply "place". Usage * Areas of Kuwait (second-level, below governorates) * Regions of Bahrain (formerly, top-level, replaced by governorates) * Regions of Oman (formerly, top-level, alongside governorates, now only governorates) * Regions of Chad (top-level) * Regions of Saudi Arabia (top-level, above governorates) * Districts of Syria (second-level, below governorates) - A ''mintaqah'' in Syria was formerly called ''qadaa A kaza (, , , plural: , , ; ota, قضا, script=Arab, (; meaning 'borough') * bg, околия (; meaning 'district'); also Кааза * el, υποδιοίκησις () or (, which means 'borough' or 'municipality'); also () * lad, kaza , ...''. * Districts o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It is a unitary republic that consists of 14 governorates (subdivisions), and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. Cyprus lies to the west across the Mediterranean Sea. A country of fertile plains, high mountains, and deserts, Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including the majority Syrian Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, Armenians, Circassians, Albanians, and Greeks. Religious groups include Muslims, Christians, Alawites, Druze, and Yazidis. The capital and largest city of Syria is Damascus. Arabs are the largest ethnic group, and Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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