|
Kampo Herb List
''Kampō'' (or ''Kanpō'', 漢方) medicine is the Japanese study and adaptation of traditional Chinese medicine. In 1967, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare approved four ''kampo'' medicines for reimbursement under the National Health Insurance (NHI) program. In 1976, 82 kampo medicines were approved by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Currently, 148 ''kampo'' medicines are approved for reimbursement. The 14th edition of the ''Japanese Pharmacopoeia'' (JP) (日本薬局方 Nihon yakkyokuhō) lists 165 herbal ingredients that are approved to be used in ''kampo'' remedies. Tsumura (ツムラ) is the leading maker making 128 of the 148 kampo medicines. The "count" column shows in how many of these 128 formulae the herb is found. The most common herb is Glycyrrhizae Radix (Chinese liquorice root). It is in 94 of the 128 Tsumura formulae. Other common herbs are Zingiberis Rhizoma (ginger) (51 of 128 formulae) and Paeoniae Radix (Chinese peony root) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans Japanese archipelago, an archipelago of List of islands of Japan, 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa Island, Okinawa. Tokyo is the Capital of Japan, nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated and Urbanization by country, urbanized. About three-fourths of Geography of Japan, the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aconitum
''Aconitum'' (), also known as aconite, monkshood, wolf's-bane, leopard's bane, mousebane, women's bane, devil's helmet, queen of poisons, or blue rocket, is a genus of over 250 species of flowering plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. These herbaceous perennial plants are chiefly native to the mountainous parts of the Northern Hemisphere in North America, Europe, and Asia; growing in the moisture-retentive but well-draining soils of mountain meadows. Most ''Aconitum'' species are extremely poisonous and must be handled very carefully. Several ''Aconitum'' hybrids, such as the Arendsii form of ''Aconitum carmichaelii'', have won gardening awards—such as the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Some are used by florists. Etymology The name ''aconitum'' comes from the Greek word , which may derive from the Greek ''akon'' for dart or javelin, the tips of which were poisoned with the substance, or from ''akonae'', because of the rocky ground on which th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arisaema
''Arisaema'' is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America. Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe. Classification and relationships The closest relatives of ''Arisaema'' appear to be ''Pinellia'' and '' Typhonium'' (although the latter as defined in 2004 seems to be paraphyletic, having given rise to ''Arisaema'' and other genera). One unusual trait shared by all ''Arisaema'' species, and not those of other genera, is the ''sex change or act of Sequential hermaphroditism.'' ''Arisaema'' plants are typically male when small, and female or hermaphroditic when large, with a single p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Areca Nut
''Areca'' is a genus of 51 species of palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests from the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia and India, across Southeast Asia to Melanesia. The generic name ''Areca'' is derived from a name used locally on the Malabar Coast of India. Usage The best-known member of the genus is '' A. catechu'', the areca nut palm. Several species of areca nuts, known for their bitter and tangy taste, raw or dried, are routinely used for chewing, especially in combination with the leaves of betel and dried leaves of tobacco. Areca nut is also popularly referred to as betel nut because of its usage for chewing with betel leaves. In Assam, areca nut is also known as ''tamul'' in the local dialect. Species (51 species) *''Areca abdulrahmanii'' J.Dransf. *''Areca ahmadii'' J.Dransf. *'' Areca andersonii'' J.Dransf. *''Areca gandamatu'' Sultan Mardan Plantation *''Areca arundinacea'' Becc. *''Areca brachypoda'' J.Dransf. *''Areca caliso'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctium Lappa
''Arctium lappa'', commonly called greater burdock, , edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the family Asteraceae, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable. It has become an invasive weed of high-nitrogen soils in North America, Australia, and other regions. Description Greater burdock is a biennial plant, rather tall, reaching as much as . It has large, alternating, wavy-edged cordiform leaves that have a long petiole and are pubescent on the underside. The flowers are purple and grouped in globular capitula, united in clusters. They appear in mid-summer, from July to September. The capitula are surrounded by an involucre made out of many bracts, each curving to form a hook, allowing the mature fruits to be carried long distances on the fur of animals. The fruits are achenes; they are long, compressed, with short pappus hairs. These are a potential hazard for humans, horses, and dogs. The minu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aralia Cordata
''Aralia cordata'' is an upright herbaceous perennial plant growing up to in height, native to Japan, Korea and eastern China. Its common names include spikenard, herbal aralia, ''udo'' (from ja, ウド), Japanese spikenard, and mountain asparagus. It is commonly found on the slopes of wooded embankments. ''Aralia cordata'' is a species of ''Aralia'' in the family Araliaceae. The plant yields new shoots every spring, which are blanched and then eaten as a vegetable. In Korea, the dried root of the plant has been traditionally used as medicine. The young shoots have a strong yet pleasant distinct aromatic flavor. In addition to food and medicinal use, the plant is cultivated as an ornamental. Description ''Aralia cordata'' is classified as a dicot and a eudicot. The leaves are alternate, large, and double to triple pinnate with leaflets long, and broad. The flowers are produced in large umbels of diameter in late summer, each flower small and white. The fruit is a small bla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelica
''Angelica'' is a genus of about 60 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far north as Iceland, Lapland, and Greenland. They grow to tall, with large bipinnate leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers. Found mainly in China, its main use was for medicine. It shows variations in fruit anatomy, leaf morphology, and subterranean structures. The genes are extremely polymorphic. Some species can be found in purple moor and rush pastures. Characteristics ''Angelica'' species grow to tall, with large bipinnate leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers. Their large, sparkling, starburst flowers are pollinated by a great variety of insects (the generalist pollination syndrome), the floral scents are species-specific, and even specific to particular subspecies. The active ingredients of angelica are found in the roots and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anemarrhena
''Anemarrhena'' is a plant genus in family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae. It has only one species, ''Anemarrhena asphodeloides'', native to China and Mongolia. Some authors have placed it in its own family, Anemarrhenaceae. Distribution The plant is native to China and Mongolia, occurring in the western half of China, from Yunnan to Northeast China. It is introduced into Taiwan and Korea. Traditional medicine The plant name in China is ''zhi mu'' (知母, zhī mǔ) and its rhizome is used in traditional Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. It has been described as "fraught with pseudoscience", with the majority of its treatments having no logical mechanism of action ....Ya, Wang, Feng Fang, and Wang Zhe. "Determination Of Selected Elements In Aqueous Extractions Of A Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula By ICP-MS And FAAS: Evaluation Of Formula Rationality." ''Analytical L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amomum
''Amomum'' is a genus of plants native to China, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Queensland. It includes several species of cardamom, especially black cardamom. Plants of this genus are remarkable for their pungency and aromatic properties. Among ancient writers, the name ''amomum'' was ascribed to various odoriferous plants that cannot be positively identified today. The word derives from Latin ''amomum'', which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄμωμον (''amomon''), a kind of an Indian spice plant. Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library Edmund Roberts noted on his 1834 trip to China that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galangal
Galangal () is a common name for several tropical rhizomatous spices. Differentiation The word ''galangal'', or its variant ''galanga'' or archaically ''galingale'', can refer in common usage to the aromatic rhizome of any of four plant species in the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family, namely: *''Alpinia galanga'', also called ''greater galangal'', ''lengkuas'' or ''laos'' *''Alpinia officinarum'', or ''lesser galangal'' *''Boesenbergia rotunda'', also called ''Chinese ginger'' or ''fingerroot'' *'' Kaempferia galanga'', also called ''kencur'', ''black galangal'' or ''sand ginger'' The term ''galingale'' is sometimes also used for the rhizome of the unrelated ''sweet cyperus'' (''Cyperus longus''), traditionally used as a folk medicine in Europe. Uses Various galangal rhizomes are used in traditional Southeast Asian cuisine, such as Khmer kroeung (paste), Thai and Lao tom yum and tom kha gai soups, Vietnamese Huế cuisine (tré) and throughout Indonesian cuisine, as in soto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alisma Orientale
''Alisma orientale'', commonly known as Asian water plantain is a flowering plant species in the genus ''Alisma'' found in Asia. ''Alisma orientale'' is sometimes treated as a variety of ''Alisma plantago-aquatica'' (''Alisma plantago-aquatica'' var. ''orientale''). The rhizomes of ''A. orientale'' have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine, ''ze xie''. However, it may have serious side effects or even toxic effects such as hepatotoxicity Hepatotoxicity (from ''hepatic toxicity'') implies chemical-driven liver damage. Drug-induced liver injury is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn fro .... The rhizome of the plant is also a herb used in kampo Japanese medicine. The seed contains cis-aconitic anhydride ethyl ester and cis-2,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid. References * Flora U.R.S.S. 1:281. 1933 External links * orientale Freshwater plants Flora of China Flor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alisma
''Alisma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Alismataceae, members of which are commonly known as water-plantains. The genus consists of aquatic plants with leaves either floating or submerged, found in a variety of still water habitats around the world (nearly worldwide). The flowers are hermaphrodite, and are arranged in panicles, racemes, or umbels. ''Alisma'' flowers have six stamens, numerous free carpels in a single whorl, each with 1 ovule, and subventral styles. The fruit is an achene with a short beak. The nineteenth century British art and social critic John Ruskin believed that the particular curve of the leaf-ribs of ''Alisma'' represented a model of ' divine proportion' and helped shape his theory of Gothic architecture.J. Mordaunt Crook, "Ruskinian Gothic" in The Ruskin Polygon: Essays on the Imagination of John Ruskin ed. John Dixon Hunt and Faith M. Holland (Manchester University Press, 1982) pp. 65–93. ''Copóg Phádraig'' ("Patrick's leaf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Areca Nut")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Aralia Cordata")
