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Isothiazolinone
Isothiazolinone (sometimes isothiazolone) is an organic compound with the formula (CH)2SN(H)CO. A white solid, it is structurally related to isothiazole. Isothiazolone itself is of limited interest, but several of its derivatives are widely used preservatives and antimicrobials. Synthesis Compared to many other simple heterocycles, the discovery of isothiazolinone is fairly recent, with reports first appearing in the 1960s. Isothiazolinones can be prepared on an industrial scale by the ring-closure of 3-mercaptopropanamides. These in turn are produced from acrylic acid via the 3-mercaptopropionic acid: : Ring-closure of the thiol-amide is typically effected by chlorination or oxidation of the 3-sulfanylpropanamide to the corresponding disulfide. : Many other routes have been developed, including addition of thiocyanate to propargyl amides. Mechanism of action The antimicrobial activity of isothiazolinones is attributed to their ability to inhibit life-sustaining enzymes, spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothiazolinone Synth (part 1)
Isothiazolinone (sometimes isothiazolone) is an organic compound with the formula (CH)2SN(H)CO. A white solid, it is structurally related to isothiazole. Isothiazolone itself is of limited interest, but several of its derivatives are widely used preservatives and antimicrobials. Synthesis Compared to many other simple heterocycles, the discovery of isothiazolinone is fairly recent, with reports first appearing in the 1960s. Isothiazolinones can be prepared on an industrial scale by the ring-closure of 3-mercaptopropanamides. These in turn are produced from acrylic acid via the 3-Mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid: : Ring-closure of the thiol-amide is typically effected by chlorination or oxidation of the 3-sulfanylpropanamide to the corresponding disulfide. : Many other routes have been developed, including addition of thiocyanate to propargyl amides. Mechanism of action The antimicrobial activity of isothiazolinones is attributed to their ability to inhibit life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothiazolinone Synth (part 2)
Isothiazolinone (sometimes isothiazolone) is an organic compound with the formula (CH)2SN(H)CO. A white solid, it is structurally related to isothiazole. Isothiazolone itself is of limited interest, but several of its derivatives are widely used preservatives and antimicrobials. Synthesis Compared to many other simple heterocycles, the discovery of isothiazolinone is fairly recent, with reports first appearing in the 1960s. Isothiazolinones can be prepared on an industrial scale by the ring-closure of 3-mercaptopropanamides. These in turn are produced from acrylic acid via the 3-mercaptopropionic acid: : Ring-closure of the thiol-amide is typically effected by chlorination or oxidation of the 3-sulfanylpropanamide to the corresponding disulfide. : Many other routes have been developed, including addition of thiocyanate to propargyl amides. Mechanism of action The antimicrobial activity of isothiazolinones is attributed to their ability to inhibit life-sustaining enzymes, speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylchloroisothiazolinone
Methylchloroisothiazolinone, also referred to as MCI, is the organic compound with the formula S(C2HCl)C(O)N(CH3). It is a white solid that melts near room temperature. The compound is an isothiazolinone, a class of heterocycles used as biocides. These compounds have an active sulphur moiety that is able to oxidize thiol-containing residues, thereby effectively killing most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. MCI is often used in combination with methylisothiazolinone, a mixture known as Kathon. The isothiazolinones have attracted attention because they can cause contact dermatitis. Methylchloroisothiazolinone is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Application Methylchloroisothiazolinone is found in many water-based personal care products and cosmetics. Methylchloroisothiazolinone was first used in cosmetics in the 1970s. It is also used in glue production, detergents, paints, fuels, and other industrial processes. Methylchloroisothiazolinon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylisothiazolinone
Methylisothiazolinone, MIT, or MI, is the organic compound with the formula S(CH)2C(O)NCH3. It is a white solid. Isothiazolinones, a class of heterocycles, are used as biocides in numerous personal care products and other industrial applications. MIT and related compounds have attracted much attention for their allergenic properties, e.g. contact dermatitis. Preparation It is prepared by cyclization of ''cis''-N-methyl-3-thiocyanoacrylamide: : NCSCH=CHC(O)NHCH3 -> SCH=CHC(O)NCH3 + HCN Applications Methylisothiazolinone is used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solutions. It is typically used in a formulation with 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT), in a 3:1 mixture (CMIT:MIT) sold commercially as ''Kathon''. Kathon is supplied to manufacturers as a concentrated stock solution containing from 1.5–15% of CMIT/MIT. Kathon also has been used to control slime in the manufacture of paper products that contact food. In addition, this product serves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloromethylisothiazolinone
Methylchloroisothiazolinone, also referred to as MCI, is the organic compound with the formula S(C2HCl)C(O)N(CH3). It is a white solid that melts near room temperature. The compound is an isothiazolinone, a class of heterocycles used as biocides. These compounds have an active sulphur moiety that is able to oxidize thiol-containing residues, thereby effectively killing most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. MCI is often used in combination with methylisothiazolinone, a mixture known as Kathon. The isothiazolinones have attracted attention because they can cause contact dermatitis. Methylchloroisothiazolinone is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Application Methylchloroisothiazolinone is found in many water-based personal care products and cosmetics. Methylchloroisothiazolinone was first used in cosmetics in the 1970s. It is also used in glue production, detergents, paints, fuels, and other industrial processes. Methylchloroisothiazolinone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzisothiazolinone
Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4SN(H)CO. A white solid, it is structurally related to isothiazole, and is part of a class of molecules called isothiazolinones. BIT is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial. Usage Benzisothiazolinone has a microbicide and a fungicide mode of action. It is widely used as a preservative, for example in: * emulsion paints, caulks, varnishes, adhesives, inks, and photographic processing solutions * home cleaning and car care products; laundry detergents, stain removers and fabric softeners; * industrial settings, for example in textile spin-finish solutions, leather processing solutions, preservation of fresh animal hides and skins * agriculture in pesticide formulations * gas and oil drilling in muds and packer fluids preservation. In paints, it is commonly used alone or as a mixture with methylisothiazolinone. Typical concentrations in products are 200–400 ppm depending on the application a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone
Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone, DCOIT or DCOI, is the organic compound with the formula SC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(O)NC7H15. It is a white solid that melts near room temperature. It is an isothiazolinone, a class of heterocyclic compounds used as biocides. DCOIT has attracted attention as an antifouling compound. It is a replacement for organotin compounds Organotin compounds or stannanes are chemical compounds based on tin with hydrocarbon substituents. Organotin chemistry is part of the wider field of organometallic chemistry. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide (), discovered by ... that have been largely banned for causing environmental damage. DCOIT however is itself controversial. Safety {{main, Isothiazolinone Isothiazolinones are highly bioactive and have attracted scrutiny for causing contact dermatitis. References Preservatives Isothiazolidinones Chloroarenes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antifouling Agent
Biofouling or biological fouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or small animals where it is not wanted on surfaces such as ship and submarine hulls, devices such as water inlets, pipework, grates, ponds, and rivers that cause degradation to the primary purpose of that item. Such accumulation is referred to as '' epibiosis'' when the host surface is another organism and the relationship is not parasitic. Since biofouling can occur almost anywhere water is present, biofouling poses risks to a wide variety of objects such as boat hulls and equipment, medical devices and membranes, as well as to entire industries, such as paper manufacturing, food processing, underwater construction, and desalination plants. Anti-fouling is the ability of specifically designed materials (such as toxic biocide paints, or non-toxic paints) to remove or prevent biofouling. The buildup of biofouling on marine vessels poses a significant problem. In some instances, the hull stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shampoo
Shampoo () is a hair care product, typically in the form of a viscous liquid, that is used for cleaning hair. Less commonly, shampoo is available in solid bar format. Shampoo is used by applying it to wet hair, massaging the product into the scalp, and then rinsing it out. Some users may follow a shampooing with the use of hair conditioner. Shampoo is typically used to remove the unwanted build-up of sebum in the hair without stripping out so much as to make hair unmanageable. Shampoo is generally made by combining a surfactant, most often sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate, with a co-surfactant, most often cocamidopropyl betaine in water. The sulfate ingredient acts as a surfactant, trapping oils and other contaminants, similarly to soap. Specialty shampoos are marketed to people with dandruff, color-treated hair, gluten or wheat allergies, an interest in using an organic product, infants and young children (" baby shampoo" is less irritating). There are als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antifouling
Biofouling or biological fouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or small animals where it is not wanted on surfaces such as ship and submarine hulls, devices such as water inlets, pipework, grates, ponds, and rivers that cause degradation to the primary purpose of that item. Such accumulation is referred to as '' epibiosis'' when the host surface is another organism and the relationship is not parasitic. Since biofouling can occur almost anywhere water is present, biofouling poses risks to a wide variety of objects such as boat hulls and equipment, medical devices and membranes, as well as to entire industries, such as paper manufacturing, food processing, underwater construction, and desalination plants. Anti-fouling is the ability of specifically designed materials (such as toxic biocide paints, or non-toxic paints) to remove or prevent biofouling. The buildup of biofouling on marine vessels poses a significant problem. In some instances, the hull stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not classified as organic compounds and are considered inorganic. Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. Although organic compounds make up only a small percentage of Earth's crust, they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulp Mill
A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber sources into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical, or fully chemical methods ( kraft and sulfite processes). The finished product may be either bleached or non-bleached, depending on the customer requirements. Wood and other plant materials used to make pulp contain three main components (apart from water): cellulose fibres (desired for papermaking), lignin (a three-dimensional polymer that binds the cellulose fibres together) and hemicelluloses, (shorter branched carbohydrate polymers). The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the fiber source, be it chips, stems or other plant parts, into the constituent fibers. Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading the lignin and hemicellulose into small, water-soluble molecules that can be washed away from the cellulose fibers with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
