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Isocetane
Isocetane (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane) is a highly branched alkane used as a reference in determining the cetane number of diesel. It has a cetane number of 15. Isocetane replaced 1-methylnaphthalene in 1962 as the lower reference for cetane number (1-methylnaphthalene has cetane number zero) owing to the oxidation instability and difficulty of use of 1-methylnaphthalene in the reference engine. Strictly speaking, if the standard meaning of ‘iso’ is followed, the name ''isocetane'' should be reserved for the isomer 2-methylpentadecane. However, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane is by far the most important isomer of cetane Hexadecane (also called cetane) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C16H34. Hexadecane consists of a chain of 16 carbon atoms, with three hydrogen atoms bonded to the two end carbon atoms, and two hydrogens bonded to each of the 14 ... and so, historically, it has ended up with this name. References {{Organic-compound-stub Alkanes [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2,3-Dimethylhexane
2,3-Dimethylhexane is a structural isomer of octane Octane is a hydrocarbon and an alkane with the chemical formula , and the condensed structural formula . Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the amount and location of branching in the carbon chain. One of these isomers, 2,2,4-Tri .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Dimethylhexane, 2,3- Alkanes Hydrocarbons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2,5-Dimethylhexane
2,5-Dimethylhexane is a branched alkane used in the aviation industry in low revolutions per minute helicopters. As an isomer of octane, the boiling point The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor. The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding envir ... is very close to that of octane, but can in pure form be slightly lower. 2,5-Dimethylhexane is moderately toxic. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Dimethylhexane, 2,5- Alkanes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pristane
Pristane is a natural saturated terpenoid alkane obtained primarily from shark liver oil, from which its name is derived (Latin ''pristis'', "shark"). It is also found in the stomach oil of birds in the order Procellariiformes and in mineral oil and some foods. Pristane and phytane are used in the fields of geology and environmental science as biomarkers to characterize origins and evolution of petroleum hydrocarbons and coal. It is a transparent oily liquid that is immiscible with water, but soluble in diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Pristane is known to induce autoimmune diseases in rodents. It is used in research to understand the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. It is used as a lubricant, a transformer oil, an immunologic adjuvant, and an anti-corrosion agent, biological marker, plasmocytomas inducer and in production of monoclonal antibodies. Biosynthetically, pristane is derived from phytol and is used as a biomarker in petroleum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetane Number
Cetane number (cetane rating) is an indicator of the combustion speed of diesel fuel and compression needed for ignition. It plays a similar role for diesel as octane rating does for gasoline. The CN is an important factor in determining the quality of diesel fuel, but not the only one; other measurements of diesel fuel's quality include (but are not limited to) energy content, density, lubricity, cold-flow properties and sulphur content.Werner Dabelstein, Arno Reglitzky, Andrea Schütze and Klaus Reders "Automotive Fuels" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Definition The cetane number (or CN) of a fuel is defined by finding a blend of cetane and isocetane with the same ignition delay. Cetane has a cetane number defined to be 100, while isocetane's measured cetane number is 15, replacing the former reference fuel alpha-methylnaphthalene, which was assigned a cetane number of 0. Once the blend is known, the cetane number is calculate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetane
Hexadecane (also called cetane) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C16H34. Hexadecane consists of a chain of 16 carbon atoms, with three hydrogen atoms bonded to the two end carbon atoms, and two hydrogens bonded to each of the 14 other carbon atoms. Cetane number ''Cetane'' is often used as a shorthand for cetane number, a measure of the combustion of diesel fuel. Cetane ignites very easily under compression; for this reason, it is assigned a cetane number of 100, and serves as a reference for other fuel mixtures. Hexadecyl radical Hexadecyl is an alkyl radical of carbon and hydrogen derived from hexadecane, with formula C16H33 and with mass 225.433, occurring especially in cetyl alcohol. It confers strong hydrophobicity on molecules containing it. Carboplatin modified with hexadecyl and polyethylene glycol has increased liposolubility and PEGylation, proposed to useful in chemotherapy, specifically non-small-cell lung cancer. Hexadecyl was used from 1982 for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. Alkanes have the general chemical formula . The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane (), where ''n'' = 1 (sometimes called the parent molecule), to arbitrarily large and complex molecules, like pentacontane () or 6-ethyl-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) octane, an isomer of tetradecane (). The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines alkanes as "acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms". However, some sources use the term to denote ''any'' saturated hydrocarbon, including those that are either monocyclic (i.e. the cycloalkanes) or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1-methylnaphthalene
1-Methylnaphthalene is an organic compound with the formula CH3C10H7. It is a colorless liquid. It is isomeric with 2-methylnaphthalene. Reference fuel 1-Methylnaphthalene defines the lower (zero) reference point of cetane number, a measure of diesel fuel ignition quality, as it has a long ignition delay (poor ignition qualities). In contrast, cetane, with its short ignition delay, defines the upper reference point at 100. In testing, isocetane (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane or HMN) replaced 1-methylnaphthalene as the low cetane number reference fuel in 1962 for reasons of better oxidation stability and ease of use in the reference engine. The scale is unchanged, as isocetane's cetane number is measured at 15, referenced to 1-methylnaphthalene and cetane. Methylnaphthalene anion With alkali metals, 1-methylnaphthalene forms radical anion salts such as sodium 1-methylnaphthalene. Compared to its structural analog sodium naphthalene Sodium naphthalene is an organic salt with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
