|
Hyangga
''Hyangga'' () were poems written using Chinese characters in a system known as '' hyangchal'' during the Unified Silla and early Goryeo periods of Korean history. Only a few have survived: 14 in the ''Samguk yusa'' and 11 by the monk Kyunyeo. Features Written using Hanja in a system known as '' hyangchal'' the ''hyangga'' are believed to have been first written in the Goryeo period, as the style was already beginning to fade. A collection of ''hyangga'' was compiled in the late 9th century by Wihong, the prime minister of Queen Jinseong of Silla, and the monk Taegu-Hwasang, but was since lost. The surviving ''hyangga'' consist of 14 recorded in the ''Samguk Yusa'' and 11 in the '' Gyunyeojeon'' by Kyunyeo. The name ''hyangga'' is formed from the character for "back-country" or "rural village" () – which was often used by the Silla people to describe their nation, specifically to distinguish these distinctly Silla poems from "pure" Chinese literature – and the character ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shinpei Ogura
was a Japanese linguist who studied the Korean language. In the 1920s, Ogura made the initial breakthroughs in the decipherment of the ''hyangga'' songs, which are now key sources on Old Korean. Ogura conducted an extensive national survey of Korean dialects. Partly because such surveys have been impossible since the division of Korea The division of Korea began with the defeat of Japan in World War II. During the war, the Allied leaders considered the question of Korea's future after Japan's surrender in the war. The leaders reached an understanding that Korea would be l ... in 1945, his dialect classification is still widely used, with some modifications. Selected works * Revised edition, 1940: . * * * Volume 1: . Volume 2: . References Further reading * * first 10 pages {{DEFAULTSORT:Ogura, Shinpei 1882 births 1944 deaths Linguists of Korean Linguists from Japan 20th-century linguists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samguk Yusa
''Samguk yusa'' () or ''Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms'' is a collection of legends, folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla), as well as to other periods and states before, during and after the Three Kingdoms period. "Samguk yusa is a historical record compiled by the Buddhist monk Il Yeon in 1281 (the 7th year of King Chungnyeol of Goryeo) in the late Goryeo Dynasty." It is the earliest extant record of the Dangun legend, which records the founding of Gojoseon as the first Korean nation. The ''Samguk yusa'' is National Treasure No. 306. Samguk yusa is a history book which is composed of five volumes in total and is divided into nine parts within the five volumes. The samguk yusa can be described to the documentation of tales and legends, which are categorised by the two parts such as extraordinary historical events and diverse Buddhist narratives. This book deals with various historical sources such as tales of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samguk Yusa
''Samguk yusa'' () or ''Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms'' is a collection of legends, folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla), as well as to other periods and states before, during and after the Three Kingdoms period. "Samguk yusa is a historical record compiled by the Buddhist monk Il Yeon in 1281 (the 7th year of King Chungnyeol of Goryeo) in the late Goryeo Dynasty." It is the earliest extant record of the Dangun legend, which records the founding of Gojoseon as the first Korean nation. The ''Samguk yusa'' is National Treasure No. 306. Samguk yusa is a history book which is composed of five volumes in total and is divided into nine parts within the five volumes. The samguk yusa can be described to the documentation of tales and legends, which are categorised by the two parts such as extraordinary historical events and diverse Buddhist narratives. This book deals with various historical sources such as tales of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanja
Hanja (Hangul: ; Hanja: , ), alternatively known as Hancha, are Chinese characters () used in the writing of Korean. Hanja was used as early as the Gojoseon period, the first ever Korean kingdom. (, ) refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, which can be written with Hanja, and (, ) refers to Classical Chinese writing, although "Hanja" is also sometimes used to encompass both concepts. Because Hanja never underwent any major reforms, they are mostly resemble to ''kyūjitai'' and traditional Chinese characters, although the stroke orders for some characters are slightly different. For example, the characters and as well as and . Only a small number of Hanja characters were modified or are unique to Korean, with the rest being identical to the traditional Chinese characters. By contrast, many of the Chinese characters currently in use in mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore have been simplified, and contain fewer strokes than the corresponding Hanja characters. In Japan, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyangchal
''Hyangchal'' (, literally "vernacular letters", "local letters", or "corresponded sound") is an archaic writing system of Korea and was used to transcribe the Korean language in Chinese characters. Using the ''hyangchal'' system, Chinese characters were given a Korean reading based on the syllable associated with the character. The ''hyangchal'' writing system is often classified as a subgroup of the Idu script. The first mention of ''hyangchal'' is the monk Kyun Ye's biography during the Goryeo period. ''Hyangchal'' is best known as the method Koreans used to write ''hyangga'' poetry. Twenty-five such poems still exist and show that vernacular poetry used native Korean words and Korean word order, and each syllable was "transcribed with a single graph". The writing system covered nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, particles, suffixes, and auxiliary verbs. The practice of ''hyangchal'' continued during the Goryeo era, where it was used to record native Korean poetry as well. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jemangmaega
Jemangmaega (Korean: 제망매가; Hanja: 祭亡妹歌) is a hyangga written by a Buddhist monk named “Wolmyeongsa” in the ancient Korean kingdom of Silla. The poem was included in Samguk Yusa, a collection of folklore from the Three Kingdoms Period. The poem still remains one of the most popular Korean works of literature today. The poem's title “Jaemangmaega” roughly translates to “A Requiem for a Dead Sister.” Consequently, the poem is about the author mourning his sister's death in a regretful and sad tone. A variety of figurative expressions such as similes, metaphors, and philosophical statements related to death are present in the work. Legend It is believed that the poem was written during the deceased sister's jesa, a traditional Korean funeral. Legend states that upon writing the poem on a piece of paper, a strong gust of wind flew the paper westwards. In Korean and Buddhist folklore, a paper flying towards the west means that the wish on the paper h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinseong Of Silla
Jinseong of Silla (c. 865–897) was the fifty-first ruler of the Korean kingdom, Silla in 887–897.Lee Bae-yong, Women in Korean History, Ewha Womans University Press, 2008, pp. 145-147, . She was also Silla's third and last reigning queen after Seondeok and Jindeok. Her reign saw the end of Unified Silla and the beginning of the Later Three Kingdoms period. According to her older brother Jeonggang, she was smart by nature and tall like a man. Family Parents * Father: Gyeongmun of Silla (841–875) ** Grandfather: Kim Gye–myeong (김계명) ** Grandmother: Madam Gwanghwa (광화부인) * Mother: Queen Munui of the Kim clan (문의왕후 김씨) **Maternal grandfather: Heonan of Silla (헌안왕) **Maternal grandmother: Unknown Consorts and their respective issue: * Kim Wi–Hong (김위홍), son of Kim Gye–myeong (김계명) **Stepson: Yang Jeong (양정) Life Jinseong was the daughter of King Gyeongmun and Queen Munui. The younger sister of Heongang and Jeo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goryeo
Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unification" by Korean historians as it not only unified the Later Three Kingdoms but also incorporated much of the ruling class of the northern kingdom of Balhae, who had origins in Goguryeo of the earlier Three Kingdoms of Korea. The name "Korea" is derived from the name of Goryeo, also spelled Koryŏ, which was first used in the early 5th century by Goguryeo. According to Korean historians, it was during the Goryeo period that the individual identities of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla were successfully merged into a single entity that became the basis of modern-day ' Korean' identity. Throughout its existence, Goryeo, alongside Unified Silla, was known to be the "Golden Age of Buddhism" in Korea. As the state religion, Buddhism achieved its hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mu Of Baekje
King Mu of Baekje (580–641) (r. 600–641) was the 30th king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the 4th son of King Wideok. Background During his reign, the Three Kingdoms (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla) were at war with each other, as alliances shifted and the neighboring China also experienced a change of dynasties. Because reliable historical sources are hard to find for the Three Kingdoms period, the specifics of Mu's policies are not known. Reign Early in his reign, Mu attacked Silla several times. He also requested assistance from the Sui dynasty of China to attack Goguryeo. Following the Goguryeo–Sui War, the Sui was replaced by the Tang dynasty in China in 618. In 627, he attempted to recover land lost to Silla, but stopped when Tang intervened diplomatically. The same year, he sent the Buddhist monk Gwalleuk to Japan with texts on Buddhism, astronomy, history, and geography. He formally established the Mireuksa temple in 602. He is also s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caesura
300px, An example of a caesura in modern western music notation A caesura (, . caesuras or caesurae; Latin for " cutting"), also written cæsura and cesura, is a metrical pause or break in a verse where one phrase ends and another phrase begins. It may be expressed by a comma (,), a tick (✓), or two lines, either slashed (//) or upright (, , ). In time value, this break may vary between the slightest perception of silence all the way up to a full pause. Poetry In classical Greek and Latin poetry a caesura is the juncture where one word ends and the following word begins within a foot. In contrast, a word juncture at the end of a foot is called a diaeresis. Some caesurae are expected and represent a point of articulation between two phrases or clauses. All other caesurae are only potentially places of articulation. The opposite of an obligatory caesura is a bridge where word juncture is not permitted. In modern European poetry, a caesura is defined as a natural phrase en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
