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Hongshanornithid
Hongshanornithidae is an extinct group of early ornithuromorph birds from the early Cretaceous period of China. It includes the genera '' Hongshanornis'' (the type genus) and '' Tianyuornis'' from the Yixian Formation of Inner Mongolia, ''Longicrusavis'' from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, '' Parahongshanornis'' from the Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, and '' Archaeornithura'', the oldest known member, from the Huajiying Formation of Hebei Province. Description Hongshanornithids were small, approximately the size of modern phoebes. Their legs are proportionally long in comparison to the wings, suggesting that they were aquatic wading birds. They most likely lacked beaks and had teeth in their jaws. Classification Hongshanornithidae was defined as a node-based clade including the last common ancestor of ''Hongshanornis longicresta'' and ''Longicrusavis houi'' plus all its descendants. Beginning in 2012, several studies began to find that the hongshano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeornithura
''Archaeornithura'' is an extinct genus of ornithuromorphs from the early Cretaceous period. It is known from two fossil specimens of a single species, ''Archaeornithura meemannae''. The specimens have been dated to the Hauterivian age, 130.7 million years ago, making ''A. meemannae'' the oldest known ornithuromorph, the lineage that gave rise to modern birds, and contains all living birds as well as many of their extinct relatives. Discovery and naming Both specimens of ''A. meemannae'', the holotype STM7-145 and the paratype STM7-163, were discovered in the interbedded shale rocks of the Huajiying Formation in Hebei Province, China. They were named and described by an international team of paleontologists led by Wang and Zhou Zhonge of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing. ''Archaeornithura'' is the first ornithuromorph found in the Huajiying Formation, which represents the earliest diversification period of the Jehol Biota, "the most importan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongshanornithids
Hongshanornithidae is an extinct group of early ornithuromorph birds from the early Cretaceous period of China. It includes the genera ''Hongshanornis'' (the type genus) and '' Tianyuornis'' from the Yixian Formation of Inner Mongolia, ''Longicrusavis'' from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, '' Parahongshanornis'' from the Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, and ''Archaeornithura'', the oldest known member, from the Huajiying Formation of Hebei Province. Description Hongshanornithids were small, approximately the size of modern phoebes. Their legs are proportionally long in comparison to the wings, suggesting that they were aquatic wading birds. They most likely lacked beaks and had teeth in their jaws. Classification Hongshanornithidae was defined as a node-based clade including the last common ancestor of ''Hongshanornis longicresta'' and ''Longicrusavis houi'' plus all its descendants. Beginning in 2012, several studies began to find that the hongshanorn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiufotang Formation
The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组, pinyin: ''jiǔfótáng zǔ'') is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota). It is a member of the Jehol group. The exact age of the Jiufotang has been debated for years, with estimates ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of ''Microraptor'' and ''Jeholornis'' are from the Jiufotang. Fossil content Choristoderans Fish Mammaliamorphs Several mammaliamorph specimens have been found from the Jiufotang, but only two have been formally described and named. Ornithischians Pterosaurs Saurischians A large titanosaur is present in the formation. Enantiornithines Euornithines Misc theropods See also * Yixian Formation * List of dinosaur-bearing rock for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tianyuornis
''Tianyuornis'' is a genus of ornithuromorph birds from the Early Cretaceous period (Barremian to Aptian stages). ''Tianyuornis'' was unearthed from lake deposits in the Yixian Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. ''Tianyuornis'', like its other relatives, were similar in size to modern phoebes. A nearly complete and articulated subadult individual has been recovered from the Yixian Formation, this individual had a small body and elongate hindlimbs, features that are similar to other members of the family Hongshanornithidae. ''Tianyuornis'' however, also possesses several autapomorphies such as a straight dentary, and teeth that were preserved in the maxilla and mandible In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower tooth, teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movabl .... The possession of teeth reveals new and important morphologi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parahongshanornis
''Parahongshanornis'' is an extinct genus of early bird from the lower Cretaceous (Aptian stage) of what is now Liaoning Province, north-eastern China. ''Parahongshanornis'' was first named by Li Li, Wang Jingqi and Hou Shilin in 2011 and the type species is ''Parahongshanornis chaoyangensis''. The generic name refers to an assumed close relationship with ''Hongshanornis''. The specific name refers to Chaoyang. ''Parahongshanornis'' is known from the holotype PMOL-AB00161, which was found near Yuanjiawa, Chaoyang, in the middle Aptian Jiufotang Formation of the Jehol Biota, about 120 million years old. It consists of a nearly complete and articulated skeleton missing the skull but showing remains of the soft parts of the body, including some feathering. Most of the vertebral column is obscured by the sternum and pelvis. ''Parahongshanornis'' is a small species with a femur length of twenty-four millimetres. The furcula is U-shaped. The coracoid is elongated but with a br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongshanornis
''Hongshanornis'' is a genus of ornithuromorph birds known from early Cretaceous lake deposits of the Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China. The holotype specimen, recovered in 2005, is currently held by the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing. It was found in the Jianshangou fossil beds, dated to 124.6 million years ago. Three additional specimens have been reported, though only one of those has been definitively identified as belonging to ''Hongshanornis''. This latter specimen was found in the Dawangzhangzi fossil beds, which are about 122 million years old. ''Hongshanornis'' is a member of the group Hongshanornithidae, to which it lent its name. It is closely related to ''Longicrusavis'', which existed alongside ''Hongshanornis'' in the Dawangzhangzi ecosystem, and is very similar to the later '' Parahongshanornis'' from the Jiufotang Formation. Description ''Hongshanornis longicresta'' was a small species, especially compared to other earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Songlingornithidae
Songlingornithidae is a family of basal euornitheans from the Early Cretaceous of China. All known specimens come from the Jiufotang Formation and the Yixian Formation, dating to the early Barremian and Aptian ages, 125–120 million years ago. The family Songlingornithidae was first named by Hou in 1997 to contain the type genus, ''Songlingornis''.Hou, (1997). ''Mesozoic Birds of China''. Taiwan Provincial Feng Huang Ku Bird Park. Taiwan: Nan Tou. 228 pp. Clarke et al. (2006) was the first to find a close relationship between ''Songlingornis'' and the "yanornithids".Clarke, Zhou and Zhang, (2006). "Insight into the evolution of avian flight from a new clade of Early Cretaceous ornithurines from China and the morphology of ''Yixianornis grabaui''." ''Journal of Anatomy'', 208: 287-308. The name was originally coined to reflect a close relationship between the two supposedly similar (but poorly preserved) genera ''Songlingornis'' and ''Chaoyangia''. However, subsequent studies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongshanornis Longicresta
''Hongshanornis'' is a genus of ornithuromorph birds known from early Cretaceous lake deposits of the Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China. The holotype specimen, recovered in 2005, is currently held by the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing. It was found in the Jianshangou fossil beds, dated to 124.6 million years ago. Three additional specimens have been reported, though only one of those has been definitively identified as belonging to ''Hongshanornis''. This latter specimen was found in the Dawangzhangzi fossil beds, which are about 122 million years old. ''Hongshanornis'' is a member of the group Hongshanornithidae, to which it lent its name. It is closely related to ''Longicrusavis'', which existed alongside ''Hongshanornis'' in the Dawangzhangzi ecosystem, and is very similar to the later '' Parahongshanornis'' from the Jiufotang Formation. Description ''Hongshanornis longicresta'' was a small species, especially compared to other ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Cretaceous Birds Of Asia
{{disambiguation, geo ...
Early may refer to: History * The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.: ** Early Christianity ** Early modern Europe Places in the United States * Early, Iowa * Early, Texas * Early Branch, a stream in Missouri * Early County, Georgia Other uses * ''Early'' (Scritti Politti album), 2005 * ''Early'' (A Certain Ratio album), 2002 * Early (name) * Early effect, an effect in transistor physics * Early Records, a record label * the early part of the morning See also * Earley (other) Earley is a town in England. Earley may also refer to: * Earley (surname), a list of people with the surname Earley * Earley (given name), a variant of the given name Earlene * Earley Lake, a lake in Minnesota *Earley parser, an algorithm *Earley ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a small section of China's border with Russia (Zabaykalsky Krai). Its capital is Hohhot; other major cities include Baotou, Chifeng, Tongliao, and Ordos. The autonomous region was established in 1947, incorporating the areas of the former Republic of China provinces of Suiyuan, Chahar, Rehe, Liaobei, and Xing'an, along with the northern parts of Gansu and Ningxia. Its area makes it the third largest Chinese administrative subdivision, constituting approximately and 12% of China's total land area. Due to its long span from east to west, Inner Mongolia is geographically divided into eastern and western divisions. The eastern division is often included in Northeastern China (Dongbei) with major cities including Tongliao, Chifeng, Hai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Cretaceous First Appearances
Early may refer to: History * The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.: ** Early Christianity ** Early modern Europe Places in the United States * Early, Iowa * Early, Texas * Early Branch, a stream in Missouri * Early County, Georgia Other uses * Early (Scritti Politti album), ''Early'' (Scritti Politti album), 2005 * Early (A Certain Ratio album), ''Early'' (A Certain Ratio album), 2002 * Early (name) * Early effect, an effect in transistor physics * Early Records, a record label * the early part of the morning See also * Earley (other) {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpeg/1200px-Siège_de_Beijing_(1213-1214).jpeg "Click for more on -> Inner Mongolia")
