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History Of French Journalism
Newspapers have played a major role in French politics, economy and society since the 17th century. 1789-1815: Revolutionary era Pre- and Early Revolution Print media played a significant role in the formation of popular public opinion towards the monarchy and Old Regime. Under the Old Regime, France had a small number of heavily censored newspapers which needed royal licenses to operate; papers without licenses had to operate underground. Both the brief public opinion pamphlets and daily life periodicals were reviewed and edited heavily in order to indirectly influence the people, even hiring writers for such propaganda. Radical Republican journalism experienced a dramatic proliferation as the Estates General convened: “in that month ay 1789over a hundred pamphlets appeared… and the figure rose to 300 in June”. Between 1789 and 1799, over 1,300 new newspapers had emerged, combined with a large demand for pamphlets and periodical literature, which caused a flowering, albeit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazette De Nice
A gazette is an official journal, a newspaper of record, or simply a newspaper. In English and French speaking countries, newspaper publishers have applied the name ''Gazette'' since the 17th century; today, numerous weekly and daily newspapers bear the name ''The Gazette''. Etymology ''Gazette'' is a loanword from the French language, which is, in turn, a 16th-century permutation of the Italian ''gazzetta'', which is the name of a particular Venetian coin. ''Gazzetta'' became an epithet for ''newspaper'' during the early and middle 16th century, when the first Venetian newspapers cost one gazzetta. (Compare with other vernacularisms from publishing lingo, such as the British ''penny dreadful'' and the American ''dime novel''.) This loanword, with its various corruptions, persists in numerous modern languages (Slavic languages, Turkic languages). Government gazettes In England, with the 1700 founding of ''The Oxford Gazette'' (which became the ''London Gazette''), the word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Petit Parisien
''Le Petit Parisien'' was a prominent French newspaper during the French Third Republic. It was published between 1876 and 1944, and its circulation was over two million after the First World War. Publishing Despite its name, the paper was circulated across France, and records showed claims that it had the biggest newspaper circulation in the world at this time. In May 1927, the paper fell into a media prank set up by Jean-Paul Sartre and his friends, announcing that Charles Lindbergh was going to be awarded as ''École Normale Supérieure'' honorary student. During the Second World War the paper, under the editorship of Claude Jeantet, was the official voice of the Vichy regime and in 1944 was briefly published by Jeantet in Nazi Germany before closing down. Background Prior to the twentieth century, newspapers were largely political such as Paris's La Presse (French newspaper), ''La Presse''. This is largely because newspapers held close ties with political parties in order to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Matin (France)
''Le Matin'' was a French daily newspaper first published in 1884 and discontinued in 1944. History ''Le Matin'' was launched on the initiative of Chamberlain & Co., a group of American financiers and the American newspaper editor Samuel Selwyn Chamberlain, in 1883, on the model of the British daily '' The Morning News''. The direction of the project was entrusted to the French journalist Alfred Edwards, who launched the first issue on 26 February 1884. His home was then situated in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, at 6 boulevard Poissonnière, and his offices at numbers 3 to 9 on the same street. A few months later, Edwards left ''Le Matin'' to found his own journal, ''Le Matin Français'', which soon surpassed the circulation of ''Le Matin''. Later Edwards bought ''Le Matin'' and merged the two papers. He modernized the resulting hybrid with the most modern techniques and technologies such as the telegraph, and signed great writers such as Jules Vallès and the député A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Petit Journal (newspaper)
''Le Petit Journal'' was a conservative daily Parisian newspaper founded by Moïse Polydore Millaud; published from 1863 to 1944. Together with ''Le Petit Parisien'', '' Le Matin'', and ''Le Journal'', it was one of the four major French dailies. In 1890, during the Boulangiste crisis, its circulation first reached one million copies. Five years later, it had a circulation of two million copies, making it the world's largest newspaper.Ivan Chupin, Nicolas Hubé and Nicolas Kaciaf, ''Histoire politique et économique des médias en France'', La Découverte, 2009 History Early years The first issue of the Journal appeared on 1 February 1863 with a printing of 83,000 copies. Its founder, Millaud, was originally from Bordeaux and had begun as a publisher of financial and legal newsletters. For a few years, he was the owner of '' La Presse'', an early penny paper. The first printing ran to 83,000 copies; a large printing compared to the other serious newspapers. For example, ''Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'Humanité
''L'Humanité'' (; ), is a French daily newspaper. It was previously an organ of the French Communist Party, and maintains links to the party. Its slogan is "In an ideal world, ''L'Humanité'' would not exist." History and profile Pre-World War II ''L'Humanité'' was founded in 1902 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Jaurès also edited the paper until his assassination on 31 July 1914. When the Socialists split at the 1920 Tours Congress, the Communists took control of ''L'Humanité''. Therefore, it became a communist paper despite its socialist origin. The PCF has published it ever since. The PCF owns 40 per cent of the paper with the remaining shares held by staff, readers and "friends" of the paper. The paper is also sustained by the annual ''Fête de l'Humanité'', held in the working class suburbs of Paris, at Le Bourget, near Aubervilliers, and to a lesser extent elsewhere in the country. The fortunes of ''L'Humanité' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'Intransigeant
''L'Intransigeant'' was a French newspaper founded in July 1880 by Victor Henri Rochefort, Marquis de Rochefort-Luçay, Henri Rochefort. Initially representing the left-wing opposition, it moved towards the right during the Georges Ernest Boulanger, Boulanger affair (Rochefort supported Boulanger) and became a major right-wing newspaper by the 1920s. The newspaper was vehemently Dreyfus affair, anti-Dreyfusard, reflecting Rochefort's positions. In 1906 under the direction of Léon Bailby it reaches a circulation of 400,000 copies. It ceased publication after the French surrender in 1940. After the war it was briefly republished in 1947 under the name ''L'Intransigeant-Journal de Paris'', before merging with ''Paris-Presse''. References * External links * Issues of ''L'intransigeant'from 1880 to 1940 viewable on line in Gallica, the digital library of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF 1880 establishments in France 1940 disestablishments in France Newspapers establis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Croix (newspaper)
''La Croix'' (; English: 'The Cross') is a daily French general-interest Roman Catholic newspaper. It is published in Paris and distributed throughout France, with a circulation of 91,000 as of 2020. ''La Croix'' is not explicitly left or right on major political issues, and adopts the Church's position, although it is not a religious newspaper; its topics are of general interest, including world news, the economy, religion and spirituality, parenting, culture, and science. Early history Upon its appearance in 1880, the first version of ''La Croix'' was a monthly news magazine. The Augustinians of the Assumption, who ran the paper, realised that the monthly format was not getting the widespread readership that the paper deserved. Therefore, the Augustinians of the Assumption, decided to convert to a daily sheet sold at one penny. Accordingly, ''La Croix'' transitioned into a daily newspaper on 16 June 1883. Father Emmanuel d'Alzon (1810–1880), the founder of the Assumptionist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Figaro
''Le Figaro'' () is a French daily morning newspaper founded in 1826. It is headquartered on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. The oldest national newspaper in France, ''Le Figaro'' is one of three French newspapers of record, along with ''Le Monde'' and ''Libération''. It was named after Figaro, a character in a play by polymath Beaumarchais (1732–1799); one of his lines became the paper's motto: "''Sans la liberté de blâmer, il n'est point d'éloge flatteur''" ("Without the freedom to criticise, there is no flattering praise"). With a centre-right editorial line, it is the largest national newspaper in France, ahead of ''Le Parisien'' and ''Le Monde''. In 2019, the paper had an average circulation of 321,116 copies per issue. The paper is published in Berliner format. Since 2012 its editor (''directeur de la rédaction'') has been Alexis Brézet. The newspaper has been owned by Dassault Group since 2004. Other Groupe Figaro publications include ''Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Temps (Paris)
''Le Temps'' (, ''The Times'') was one of Paris's most important daily newspapers from 25 April 1861 to 30 November 1942. It was a serious paper of record. Founded in 1861 by Edmund Chojecki (writing under the pen name "Charles Edmond") and Auguste Nefftzer, ''Le Temps'' was under Nefftzer's direction for ten years, when took his place, and for nearly 45 years directed the newspaper with an iron hand until his death in 1914. He was succeeded by his sons Émile (1914), and Adrien Jr. (1925) and by Louis Mills (1929). Soon after Mills' death in 1931, ''Le Temps'' became a public limited company. Adrien Hébrard and his successors left substantial freedom to the editorial room and the newspaper had the reputation of keeping its journalists for a long time. ''Le Temps'' always remained moderate politically. The early issues of the newspaper reflected Nefftzer's liberal philosophy and had considerable trouble achieving readership. He frequently had to turn to friends in Alsace who w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuerte San Carlos 1902 coin
{{disambiguation ...
El Fuerte (Spanish: "The Fort") may refer to: * El Fuerte de Samaipata, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bolivia * El Fuerte, Sinaloa, a city of Sinaloa, Mexico * El Fuerte, a character in the ''Street Fighter'' video game series Fuerte may also refer to: * "bolívar fuerte", the official name of the Venezuelan bolívar * Fuerte River, a river in Sinaloa, Mexico * Fuerte, a variety of avocado * "Fuerte" (song), a song by Nelly Furtado * "Fuerte", a song by Belinda included in ''Belinda'' (Belinda Peregrín album) * "Fuerte", a Fanny Lu song * ''Fuerte'', one of the names used in various times and places for the Peso The peso is the monetary unit of several countries in the Americas, and the Philippines. Originating in the Spanish Empire, the word translates to "weight". In most countries the peso uses the Dollar sign, same sign, "$", as many currencies na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émile De Girardin
Émile de Girardin (22 June 180227 April 1881) was a French journalist, publisher and politician. He was the most successful and flamboyant French journalist of the era, presenting himself as a promoter of mass education through mass journalism. His magazines reached over a hundred thousand subscribers, and his inexpensive daily newspaper '' La Presse'' undersold the competition by half, thanks to its cheaper production and heavier advertising. Like most prominent journalists, Girardin was deeply involved in politics, and served in parliament. To his bitter disappointment, he never held high office. He was a brilliant polemicist, a master of controversy, with pungent short sentences that immediately caught the reader's attention. Biography Early life and career Girardin was born in Paris, the bastard son of General Alexandre de Girardin and of his mistress Madame Dupuy (''née'' Fagnan), wife of a Parisian advocate. His first publication was a novel, '' Émile'', dealing with hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
