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Gōzoku
, in Japanese, refers to powerful regional families. In historical context, it can refer to powerful non-royal families regardless of their area of influence, in contrast to the Imperial Family. The most powerful ''gōzoku'' families of the Yamato period included the Soga clan, Mononobe clan and Katsuragi clan. History In the Yamato period prior to the ''ritsuryō'' system, the powerful clans based in Yamato Province and Kawachi Province were referred to as the ''chūō gōzoku'' (central ''gōzoku''), while the term ''chihō'' ''gōzoku'' (regional ''gōzoku'') referred to powerful clans outside the immediate vicinity of the capital who served as ''kuni no miyatsuko'' and ''agatanushi''. The central ''gōzoku'' held ''kabane'' titles such as '' omi'' and ''muraji'', while the regional ''gōzoku'' held titles such as ''atai'' and '' kimi''. The most powerful ''daigōzoku'' ("great ''gōzoku''") included the Katsuragi clan, Ōtomo clan, Mononobe clan, and Soga clan. After t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kimi (kabane)
was an ancient Japanese hereditary title denoting rank and political standing (a ''kabane'') that was reserved for certain members of the ''Tomo no Miyatsuko'' clans, which were clans associated with particular occupations. They became a hereditary title passed down the generations. The ''kimi'' rank was lower than the ''muraji'' and '' omi'' ranks in political power and standing during much of the Kofun period and Asuka period which are collectively grouped as the Yamato period.Shinsen Shōjiroku "''Kimi''" literally means "Lord" (of a local area). For example in the name, Kamitsukeno no Kimi Wakako, "Kamitsukeno no kimi" means "Lord of Kamitsukeno" and Wakako is his personal name. Sometimes the character (公) is used in place of (君). List of ''Kimi'' (君) ** Oka no Kimi Yoroshi (岡君宜), sent as envoy to Tang dynasty, China for Emperor Kōtoku. * Bungo Province (豊後国) ** Okita no Kimi Esaka (大分君惠尺, died 675), important member of the court for Emperor Tenm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Clan
This is a list of Japanese clans. The old clans (''Gōzoku'') mentioned in the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki lost their political power before the Heian period, Heian Period, during which new aristocracies and families, ''Kuge'', emerged in their place. After the Heian Period, the samurai warrior clans gradually increased in importance and power until they came to dominate the country after the founding of the first Kamakura shogunate, shogunate. Ancient clan names There are ancient-era clan names called or . Imperial Clan * Imperial House of Japan, The Imperial clan – descended from Amaterasu. Its Emperors of Japan, emperors and clan members have no clan name but had been called "the royal clan" () if necessary. Four noble clans , 4 noble clans of Japan: * Minamoto clan (:ja:源氏, 源氏) – also known as Genji (源氏) or Genke (源家); :ja:二十一流, 21 cadet branches of Imperial House of Japan. ** Daigo Genji (:ja:醍醐源氏, 醍醐源氏) – descended from 60th emper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanushi
''Nanushi'' (Japanese: 名主) was a village official in the Edo period. They were village headmen, administering a village (''mura'') under a district magistrate (''gun-dai''), the ''daikan'' of a district governor (''gunji''). Their duties included tax collection and serving as the most local administrator of a rural village in direct contact with the villagers. The term ''nanushi'' was used in Kantō, while a village head was called ''shōya'' (庄屋) in Kansai and ''kimoiri'' (肝煎) in Tōhoku and Hokuriku. Overview The duties of ''nanushi'' included tax collection, general village administration, management of public natural resources (such as mountain, field, river and ocean) of the village called ''iriai'', as well as negotiating with the territorial lord as the representative of the villagers. The post was typically monopolized by one or more powerful peasant families, the ''gōnō'', through hereditary succession, though nominally appointed by the territorial lord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gōnō
''Gōnō'' (豪農) were the upper-class peasantry in the late Edo period and early Meiji era Japan. They held considerable wealth and power in local communities, and aside from being major landowners, some owned small rural industries or served as village officials (such as ''nanushi''). They played an important role in the industrialization and development of capitalism in Japan. History In the early Edo period, most peasants managed small farms, and the birth of ''gōnō'' is closely linked to the introduction of monetary economy in the mid-Edo period. The growing monetary economy caused social stratification among the peasantry, leading to the increase of wealthy peasants, the ''gōnō''. On the other hand, this also led to the birth of many tenant farmers. The ''gōnō'' received land rent from the tenant farmers and bought the majority of their produce by lending in advance to corner the market. Towards the end of the Edo period and the beginning of Meiji era, the ''gōn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gōnō
''Gōnō'' (豪農) were the upper-class peasantry in the late Edo period and early Meiji era Japan. They held considerable wealth and power in local communities, and aside from being major landowners, some owned small rural industries or served as village officials (such as ''nanushi''). They played an important role in the industrialization and development of capitalism in Japan. History In the early Edo period, most peasants managed small farms, and the birth of ''gōnō'' is closely linked to the introduction of monetary economy in the mid-Edo period. The growing monetary economy caused social stratification among the peasantry, leading to the increase of wealthy peasants, the ''gōnō''. On the other hand, this also led to the birth of many tenant farmers. The ''gōnō'' received land rent from the tenant farmers and bought the majority of their produce by lending in advance to corner the market. Towards the end of the Edo period and the beginning of Meiji era, the ''gōn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asuka Period
The was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710 (or 592 to 645), although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about south of the modern city of Nara. The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from to . Naming The term "Asuka period" was first used to describe a period in the history of Japanese fine-arts and architecture. It was proposed by fine-arts scholars and Okakura Kakuzō around 1900. Sekino dated the Asuka period as ending with the Taika Reform of 646. Okakura, however, saw it as ending with the transfer of the capital to the Heijō Palace of Nara. Although historians ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kofun Period
The is an era in the history of Japan from about 300 to 538 AD (the date of the introduction of Buddhism), following the Yayoi period. The Kofun and the subsequent Asuka periods are sometimes collectively called the Yamato period. This period is the earliest era of recorded history in Japan, but studies depend heavily on archaeology since the chronology of historical sources tends to be distorted. The word '' kofun'' is Japanese for the type of burial mound dating from this era. It was a period of cultural import. Continuing from the Yayoi period, the Kofun period is characterized by influence from China and the Korean Peninsula; archaeologists consider it a shared culture across the southern Korean Peninsula, Kyūshū and Honshū. On the other hand, the most prosperous keyhole-shaped burial mounds in Japan during this period were approximately 5,000 in Japan from the middle of the 3rd century in the Yayoi period to the 7th century in the Asuka period, and many of them had huge t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Historical Terms
Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspora, Japanese emigrants and their descendants around the world * Japanese citizens, nationals of Japan under Japanese nationality law ** Foreign-born Japanese, naturalized citizens of Japan * Japanese writing system, consisting of kanji and kana * Japanese cuisine, the food and food culture of Japan See also * List of Japanese people * * Japonica (other) * Japonicum * Japonicus * Japanese studies Japanese studies (Japanese: ) or Japan studies (sometimes Japanology in Europe), is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on Japan. It incorporates fields such as the study of Japanese ... {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edo Period
The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characterized by economic growth, strict social order, isolationist foreign policies, a stable population, perpetual peace, and popular enjoyment of arts and culture. The period derives its name from Edo (now Tokyo), where on March 24, 1603, the shogunate was officially established by Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period came to an end with the Meiji Restoration and the Boshin War, which restored imperial rule to Japan. Consolidation of the shogunate The Edo period or Tokugawa period is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's regional '' daimyo''. A revolution took place from the time of the Kamakura shogunate, which existed with the Tennō's court, to the Tok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samurai
were the hereditary military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan from the late 12th century until their abolition in 1876. They were the well-paid retainers of the '' daimyo'' (the great feudal landholders). They had high prestige and special privileges such as wearing two swords and ''Kiri-sute gomen'' (right to kill anyone of a lower class in certain situations). They cultivated the '' bushido'' codes of martial virtues, indifference to pain, and unflinching loyalty, engaging in many local battles. Though they had predecessors in earlier military and administrative officers, the samurai truly emerged during the Kamakura shogunate, ruling from 1185 to 1333. They became the ruling political class, with significant power but also significant responsibility. During the 13th century, the samurai proved themselves as adept warriors against the invading Mongols. During the peaceful Edo period (1603 to 1868), they became the stewards and chamberlains of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jizamurai
The were lords of smaller rural domains in feudal Japan.Harold Britho, 'The Han', in John Whitney Hall, ed., ''The Cambridge History of Japan, volume 4: Early Modern Period'' (Cambridge UP, 1988), 183–234, They often used their relatively small plots of land for intensive and diversified forms of agriculture. One of the primary causes for the rise in the number of smaller land holders was a decline in the custom of primogeniture. Towards the end of the Kamakura period, inheritance began to be split among a lord's sons, making each heir's holdings, and thus their power, smaller. Over time, many of these smaller fiefs came to be dominated by the ''shugo'', constables who were administrators appointed by the shogunate to oversee the provinces. Resentful and mistrustful of the interference of government officials, people under their control banded together into leagues called ''ikki''. The uprisings that resulted, particularly when the ''shugo'' tried to seize control of entire p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
