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Gyōji
A ''gyōji'' () is a referee in professional sumo wrestling in Japan. ''Gyōji'' usually enter the sumo world as teenagers and remain employees of the Sumo Association until they retire aged 65. There are currently a little over 40 active ''gyōji'' with an average of one in each sumo stable, though some stables have more than one and some have no ''gyōji''. History Originally there were no official referees in sumo: if there were any close matches the emperor would determine the winner. It was not until the early 16th century, with the help of Oda Nobunaga, that ''gyōji'' started to make an appearance. Responsibilities The ''gyōji's'' principal and most obvious task is to referee bouts between two sumo wrestlers. After the ''yobidashi'' has called them into the ring, the ''gyōji'' will also call out each wrestler's name. It is the ''gyōjis responsibility to watch over the wrestlers as they go through the initial prebout staring contests, and then coordinate the initial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossary Of Sumo Terms
The following words are terms used in sumo wrestling in Japan. A B C D E F G H I J K M N O R S T W Y Z References External links Glossary of Sumo TermsSumopediaat NHK World-Japan {{Glossaries of sports Sumo is a form of competitive full-contact wrestling where a ''rikishi'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsukebito
The following words are terms used in sumo wrestling in Japan. A B C D E F G H I J K M N O R S T W Y Z References External links Glossary of Sumo TermsSumopediaat NHK World-Japan {{Glossaries of sports Sumo is a form of competitive full-contact wrestling where a ''rikishi'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San'yaku
The following words are terms used in sumo wrestling in Japan. A B C D E F G H I J K M N O R S T W Y Z References External links Glossary of Sumo TermsSumopedia at NHK World-Japan {{Glossaries of sports Glossaries of sports, Sumo Sumo-related lists Sumo terminology, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumo
is a form of competitive full-contact wrestling where a ''rikishi'' (wrestler) attempts to force his opponent out of a circular ring (''dohyō'') or into touching the ground with any body part other than the soles of his feet (usually by throwing, shoving or pushing him down). Sumo originated in Japan, the only country where it is practiced professionally and where it is considered the national sport. It is considered a ''gendai budō'', which refers to modern Japanese martial arts, but the sport has a history spanning many centuries. Many ancient traditions have been preserved in sumo, and even today the sport includes many ritual elements, such as the use of salt purification, from Shinto. Life as a wrestler is highly regimented, with rules regulated by the Japan Sumo Association. Most sumo wrestlers are required to live in communal sumo training stables, known in Japanese as ''heya'', where all aspects of their daily lives—from meals to their manner of dress—are dic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judge (sumo)
:''This article about a judge in sumo. For a kind of a feudal domain in the Edo period, see Shinpan (daimyo).'' or Shinpan are the ring-side judges of a professional sumo bout. In a sumo ''honbasho'' tournament five ''shimpan'' sit around the ring to observe which wrestler wins the matchup. When judging tournament bouts they wear formal Japanese dress of '' otokomono'', ''haori'' with '' mon'', and ''hakama''. At the end of each bout an initial decision is given by the ''gyōji'' (the ring referee), which is usually correct and no action is taken by the ''shimpan''. Five ''shimpan'' sit around the ring during the tournament. The order of importance of the ''shimpan'' is determined by where they sit. The order of importance goes North, East, South East, South West, West. They will rotate where they sit every day to maintain equality. However, during the top division only the chief ''shimpan'' and his two deputies may sit in the North. The South East ''shimpan'' also acts as the ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gunbai
The is a type of signal baton and Japanese war fan. Once held by military leaders (such as daimyō) and priests in the past, it is used in the modern day by umpires in sumo wrestling. Description ''Gunbai'', from the Sino-Japanese roots meaning "military-apportioned an, were a specialized form of fan used by samurai officers in Japan to communicate commands to their troops. Unlike regular fans, ''gunbai'' were solid, not folding, and usually made of wood, wood covered with metal, or solid metal. It is also a key accessory of a ''gyōji'' (referee) in professional sumo. The main use is at the end of a bout, when the ''gyoji'' decides the victor and points the ''gunbai'' to either the east or west position (each wrestler is assigned to start from either the east or west position each tournament day). Reflecting this, the gyōji's decision itself is often informally referred to as a ''"gunbai"''. If this is called into question and the judges hold a consultation, a decision ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yobidashi
A is an announcer who calls a professional sumo wrestler, or ''rikishi'', to the ''dohyō'' (wrestling ring) immediately prior to his bout. He does this by calling the name of each wrestler fighting in turn while holding a traditional folding fan. Uniform The outfit worn by the ''yobidashi'' is loosely based on an old style Japanese workman's outfit, with leggings and split-toed ''tabi''-like boots. The kimono often displays an advertiser's name in black characters. Responsibilities In keeping with their workman outfits, the ''yobidashi'' are actually the Japan Sumo Association's handymen, or odd-job men, and have a wide variety of tasks. These include on match days: sweeping the ring, providing purification salt, displaying banners showing that a match has been decided by default (usually due to a competitor's withdrawal), or subject to a rematch after the next two bouts, and ensuring that, during a bout, no wrestler injures himself on the bucket of ''chikara-mizu'' (power wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referee
A referee is an official, in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection. The official tasked with this job may be known by a variety of other titles depending on the sport, including umpire, judge, arbiter (chess), commissaire, or technical official (by the International Olympic Committee). Referees may be assisted by umpires, linesmen, timekeepers, touch judges, or video review officials. Football (association) Originally team captains would consult each other in order to resolve any dispute on the pitch. Eventually this role was delegated to an ''umpire''. Each team would bring their own partisan umpire allowing the team captains to concentrate on the game. Later, the referee, a third "neutral" official was added; this ''referee'' would be "referred to" if the umpires could not resolve a dispute. The referee did not take his place on the pitch until 1891, when the umpires ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banzuke
A , officially called is a document listing the rankings of professional sumo wrestlers published before each official tournament (''honbasho''). The term can also refer to the rankings themselves. The document is normally released about two weeks before the tournament begins. On the ''banzuke'', wrestlers are divided into East, which is printed on the right, and West, which is printed on the left. Each wrestler's full ''shikona'' (ring name), hometown and rank is also listed. The top of the page starts with the highest ranked ''makuuchi'' wrestlers printed in the largest characters, down to the wrestlers in the lowest divisions which are written in much smaller characters. The names of ''gyōji'' (sumo referees), ''yobidashi'' (ushers/handymen), '' shimpan'' (judges), ''oyakata'' (elders of the Japan Sumo Association), and occasionally ''tokoyama'' (hairdressers) are also listed. While not as old as sumo itself, the form and production of this document can be traced as fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumo Stable
In sumo wrestling, a is an organization of sumo wrestlers where they train and live. It can also be termed ''sumo-beya''. All wrestlers in professional sumo must belong to one. There are currently 43 ''heya'' (as of 2022), each of which belongs to one of five ''ichimon'' (groupings of ''heya''). They vary in size, with the largest ''heya'' having over thirty wrestlers and smallest just one wrestler. Most ''heya'' are based in and around the Ryōgoku district of Tokyo, sumo's traditional heartland, although the high price of land has led to some newer ''heya'' being built in other parts of Tokyo or its suburbs. Most ''heya'' have a network of scouts, who may be former wrestlers themselves, friends of the head coach, or supporters of the ''heya'', who keep a look out for any powerful or athletic young men and follow the results of local sumo (and judo) competitions. Most new recruits join at the age of 15 or 16, straight from junior high school. A wrestler is expected to stay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumo Association
The is the body that operates and controls professional sumo wrestling (called ''Ōzumō'', 大相撲) in Japan under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). ''Rikishi'' (active wrestlers), ''gyōji'' (referees), ''tokoyama'' (hairdressers), and ''yobidashi'' (ushers/handymen), are all on the Association's payroll, but the organisation is run entirely by ''toshiyori'' (elders). The organization has its headquarters in Yokoami, Sumida, Tokyo, Sumida, Tokyo. History The precursor to a full-fledged organization began in the Edo period with sumo bouts that were often held to raise funds for new construction or repair of bridges, temples, shrines and other public buildings. ''Shōgun'' Tokugawa Ieyasu specifically, wanted "street" sumo prohibited and determined sumo should only be held for charitable purposes, and it was known as ''kanjin'' sumo. The wrestl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mawashi
In sumo, a is the loincloth that (sumo wrestlers) wear during training or in competition. Upper ranked professional wrestlers wear a as part of the ring entry ceremony or . For top ranked professional , it is made of silk and comes in a variety of colours. It is approximately in length when unwrapped, about wide and weighs about . It is wrapped several times around the and fastened in the back by a large knot. A series of stiffened silk fronds of matching colour called are inserted into the front of the . Their number varies from 13 to 25, and is always an odd number. They mark out the only part of the that it is illegal to grab on to: the vertical part covering the 's groin, and if they fall out during competition the (referee) will throw them from the ring at the first opportunity. Sometimes a may wear his in such a way as to give him some advantage over his opponent. He may wear it loosely to make it more difficult to be thrown, or he may wrap it tightly and spl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
