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Gungnyeo
Gungnyeo (literally "palace women")Han, Hee-sook, pp. 141–146 is a Korean term referring to women waiting on the king and other royalty in traditional Korean society. It is short for "gungjung yeogwan", which translates as "a lady officer of the royal court". ''Gungnyeo'' includes ''sanggung'' (palace matron) and ''nain'' (assistant court ladies), both of which hold rank as officers. The term is also used more broadly to encompass women in a lower class without a rank such as ''musuri'' (lowest maids in charge of odd chores), ''gaksimi'', ''sonnim'', ''uinyeo'' (female physicians) as well as ''nain'' and ''sanggung''. The term spans those from courtiers to domestic workers. Establishment Although the first record of ''gungnyeo'' appears in ''Goryeosa'', a compilation on the history of Goryeo, a provision was first made in 1392 by King Taejo per Jo Jun (趙浚) and other officers' suggestions after the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty. In 1428 Sejong the Great set up a de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musuri
''Musuri'' is a Korean term referring to female slaves in charge of odd chores in the court during the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty of Korea. Their main tasks were miscellaneous works such as drawing water from a well, making a fire in the fireplace or cleaning. Etymology Every palace had wells, and drawing water and delivering it as needed were an important part of a tomusuri's duty. For this reason, ''musuri'' were also called ''susa'' (水賜, literally "giving water") or ''susai'' (水賜伊, a female in charge of giving water) and their residence was called a ''susagan'' (水賜間, a place for those drawing water). On the other hand, male slaves were called ''paji'' (巴只). Although the terms, ''susai'' and ''paji'' do not appear in Goryeosa, a book compiled about the "History of Goryeo", the Annals of King Taejong (Taejong sillok) mention the class. From this record the Joseon royal court followed the system of the former state; Goryeo, young boys designated as male slaves w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanggung
was an official title of the senior 5th rank (; ), the highest attainable for ''gungnyeo'', a lady-in-waiting during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. Female officers with the title were assigned to govern the inner affairs of the palace. When a regular ''nain'' served for more than 15 years, she would be awarded with an ornamental hairpin for a . Therefore, a newly appointed was usually 35–45 years old. A court lady at the rank of was treated well enough to live in her own house with servants. The title first appears in Goryeosa ('History of Goryeo'), a compiled book about the Goryeo period. In the chapter of the book titled (), regarding all official titles, there were posts named (, managing the palace), (, managing bedding), ( managing food), and another (, managing sewing) during the reign of King Hyeonjong. The book also has another record that Lady Han was appointed as in March 1031, the 22nd year of the king's reign. These records prove that the system had existed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dangui
(; also written with the characters《》; ), was also called (), (), (), (), and (), is a type of (upper garment) for women in , the Korean traditional clothing, which was worn for ceremonial occasions during the Joseon dynasty. It was typically a garment item reserved for the upper class and commoners of this period would rarely see anyone in this garment. It was worn as a simple official outfit or for small national ceremonies while court ladies wore it as a daily garment. Origins It is strongly asserted that Dangui originated from ''jangjeogori'' ( 장저고리; ''long jeogori''), which was worn before the early Joseon Dynasty. Scholars of the Joseon Dynasty had a theory that the origin of Dangui dates back to the time when the Chinese clothing system was introduced to Korea between 57 BC and 668 AD, during the Three Kingdoms period of Korea. This is because the Chinese character 《唐》 was assumed to refer to the Tang Dynasty. However, it is judged that this w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseon Dynasty
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amrok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens. During its 500-year duration, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new state's ideology. Buddhism was accordingly discouraged, and occasionally the practitioners faced persecutions. Joseon consolidated its effective rule over the territory of current Korea and saw the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embroidery
Embroidery is the craft of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to apply thread or yarn. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. In modern days, embroidery is usually seen on caps, hats, coats, overlays, blankets, dress shirts, denim, dresses, stockings, scarfs, and golf shirts. Embroidery is available in a wide variety of thread or yarn colour. Some of the basic techniques or stitches of the earliest embroidery are chain stitch, buttonhole or blanket stitch, running stitch, satin stitch, and cross stitch. Those stitches remain the fundamental techniques of hand embroidery today. History Origins The process used to tailor, patch, mend and reinforce cloth fostered the development of sewing techniques, and the decorative possibilities of sewing led to the art of embroidery. Indeed, the remarkable stability of basic embroidery stitches has been noted: The art of embroidery has been found worldwide and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeongjo Of Joseon
Yeongjo of Joseon (31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776), personal name Yi Geum (Korean language, Korean: 이금, Hanja: 李昑), was the 21st monarch of the Joseon, Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of Sukjong of Joseon, King Sukjong, by his concubine Royal Noble Consort Sukbin Choe, Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Haeju Choe clan. Before ascending to power, he was known as Prince Yeoning (Korean language, Korean: 연잉군, Hanja: 延礽君). His life was characterized by political infighting and resentment due to his biological mother's Cheonmin, low-born origins. In 1720, a few months after the accession of his older half-brother, Gyeongjong of Joseon, Yi Yun (posthumously called Gyeongjong of Joseon, King Gyeongjong), as the 20th King, Yeoning became the Crown Prince. This induced a large controversy between the Political faction, political factions. Nevertheless, four years later, at the death of Gyeongjong, he ascended to the throne. Yeongjo's reign lasted nearl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sokdaejeon
''Gyeongguk daejeon'' (translated as the State Code or the National Code) is a complete code of law that comprises all the laws, customs and decrees released since the late Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty. Sorted according to the relevant Ministries ( Yukyo), it had been a basis for over 500 years of Joseon Dynasty politics. The previous code of law was the ''Gyeongje yukjeon'' (經濟六典, Six Codes of Governance) and its revised edition, ''Sokyukjeon'' (續六典, Amended Six Codes of Governance) which were issued during the reign of the state founder, King Taejo. The new compilation started in 1460 (Sejo 6) by the part relative to Taxation. In 1467 (Sejo 13), the compilation of the entire book was finished and named Gyeongguk Daejeon, but repeated revisions and supplements have delayed the final publication. When Seongjong was crowned, a first revision began to be implemented in 1471 and is named Sinmyo Daejeon (辛卯大典). Then it was renovated in 1474 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyeongjong Of Joseon
Gyeongjong of Joseon (20 November 1688 – 11 October 1724; reigned 1720–1724) was the 20th king of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the son of King Sukjong and his concubine, Royal Noble Consort Hui of the Indong Jang clan. Biography In 1690, Gyeongjong's designation as heir to the throne precipitated a struggle between the Noron faction, which supported his half-brother Prince Yeoning, and the Soron faction, which supported Gyeongjong of Joseon. Due to this struggle, Soron scholars were kept out of power and factional strife reached a high point during Gyeongjong's reign. Following the death of King Sukjong in 1720, Crown Prince Hwiso (Yi Yun, 이윤 왕세자) ascended the throne at age 31 as King Gyeongjong. When Sukjong died in 1720, he supposedly told Yi Yi-myoung to name Yeoning-geum as Gyeongjong's heir, but suspicions arose between Soron, Noron enemies, from the absence of a historiographer or recorder. Gyeongjong suffered from ill health during his reign, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangmin
The ''sangmin'' () were the common people of Joseon-era Korea. Etymology A more polite but less accurate name for the ''sangmin'' is "''yangmin''" (). History The ''sangmin'' consisted of peasants, heavy laborers, fishermen, some craftsmen and merchants. The ''sangmin'' were considered "clean workers" but had little social status. Generally they were poor. They paid most of Korea's taxes and were subject to the military draft. Their lives were hard, but they were the foundation of the Joseon dynasty, just like the ''chungin'' were the backbone of the government. Some of the ''sangmin'' owned land which they farmed. Others rented land from the ''yangban'' as tenant farmers. Those that did not farm had the lowest status. In everyday life, the ''sangmin'' were the working people who struggled to survive. The ''yangban'' and ''chungin'' controlled and ruled over them. The ''sangmin'' did the heavy work. During the late Joseon period, particularly in the 19th century the sangmin reb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyechuk Ilgi-Dairy Of 1613
Events January–June * January 11 – Workers in a sandpit in the Dauphiné region of France discover the skeleton of what is alleged to be a 30-foot tall man (the remains, it is supposed, of the giant Teutobochus, a legendary Gallic king who fought the Romans). * January 20 – King James I of England successfully mediates the Treaty of Knäred between Denmark and Sweden. * February 14 – Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, Elizabeth, daughter of King James I of England, marries Frederick V, Elector Palatine. * March 3 (February 21 O.S.) – An assembly of the Tsardom of Russia, Russian Empire elects Michael of Russia, Mikhail Romanov Tsar of Russia, ending the Time of Troubles. The House of Romanov will remain a ruling dynasty until 1917. * March 27 – The first English child is born in Canada at Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador, Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland to Nicholas Guy. * March 29 – Samuel de Champlain be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen Dowager
A queen dowager or dowager queen (compare: princess dowager or dowager princess) is a title or status generally held by the widow of a king. In the case of the widow of an emperor, the title of empress dowager is used. Its full meaning is clear from the two words from which it is composed: queen indicates someone who served as queen consort (i.e. wife of a king), while dowager indicates a woman who holds the title from her deceased husband (a queen who rules in her own right instead of due to marriage to a king is a queen regnant). A queen mother is a former queen, often a dowager queen, who is the mother of the reigning monarch. Currently (2019) there are four queens dowager: Kesang Choden of Bhutan (who is the only living queen grandmother worldwide), Norodom Monineath of Cambodia (who is also queen mother), Lisa Najeeb Halaby (Noor Al'Hussein) of Jordan, and Sirikit Kitiyakara of Thailand (who is also queen mother). Queen Ratna of Nepal was queen dowager until the abolitio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedding
Bedding, also known as bedclothes or bed linen, is the materials laid above the mattress of a bed for hygiene, warmth, protection of the mattress, and decorative effect. Bedding is the removable and washable portion of a human sleeping environment. Multiple sets of bedding for each bed are often washed in rotation and/or changed seasonally to improve sleep comfort at varying room temperatures. Most standardized measurements for bedding are rectangular, but there are also some square-shaped sizes, which allows the user to put on bedding without having to consider its lengthwise orientation (e.g. a duvet). In American English, the word ''bedding'' generally does not include the mattress, bed frame, or bed base (such as box-spring), while in British English it does. In Australian and New Zealand English, bedding is often called ''manchester'', especially in shops. Manchester was a center of the cotton industry in the late 18th and the 19th century, and into the 20th century, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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