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Grapevine Fanleaf Virus
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Secoviridae''. It infects grapevines, causing chlorosis of the leaves and lowering the fruit quality.P. Andret-Link ''et al.'' Journal of Plant Pathology (2004), 86(3), 183–195 Because of its effect on grape yield, GFLV is a pathogen of commercial importance. It is transmitted via a nematode vector, ''Xiphinema index ''Xiphinema index'', the California dagger nematode, is a species of plant-parasitic nematodes. History A major pest of grapes, the California dagger nematode provided the first example of a nematode acting as a vector for a viral plant diseas ...''. This nematode acquires the virus through feeding on roots of an infected plant, and passes it on in the same manner. Host and Symptoms: The host for Grapevine fanleaf virus or GFLV is the vitis species. This includes V. vinifera, V. rupestris, and hybrids. The symptoms of GFLV are “distortion of leaves and may cause unusual chlorotic (yell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secoviridae
''Secoviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 8 genera and 86 species in this family, one of which is unassigned to a genus. The family was created in 2009 with the grouping of families ''Sequiviridae'', now dissolved, and ''Comoviridae'', now subfamily ''Comovirinae'', along with the then unassigned genera ''Cheravirus'', ''Sadwavirus'', and ''Torradovirus''. Taxonomy The family includes the following genera (-''virinae'' denotes subfamily and -''virus'' denotes genus): * ''Comovirinae ''Comovirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales'', in the family ''Secoviridae''; its genera were formerly classified in the family ''Comoviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 62 species in this subfamily, a ...'' ** '' Comovirus'' ** '' Fabavirus'' ** '' Nepovirus'' * Unassigned to a subfamily: ** '' Cheravirus'' ** '' Sadwavirus'' ** '' Sequivirus'' ** '' Torradovirus'' ** '' Waikavirus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitis
''Vitis'' (grapevine) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine. The study and cultivation of grapevines is called viticulture. Most cultivated ''Vitis'' varieties are wind-pollinated with hermaphroditic flowers containing both male and female reproductive structures, while wild species are dieceous. These flowers are grouped in bunches called inflorescences. In many species, such as ''Vitis vinifera'', each successfully pollinated flower becomes a grape berry with the inflorescence turning into a cluster of grapes. While the flowers of the grapevines are usually very small, the berries are often large and brightly colored with sweet flavors that attract birds and other animals to disperse the seeds contained within the berr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorosis
In botany, chlorosis is a condition in which leaves produce insufficient chlorophyll. As chlorophyll is responsible for the green color of leaves, chlorotic leaves are pale, yellow, or yellow-white. The affected plant has little or no ability to manufacture carbohydrates through photosynthesis and may die unless the cause of its chlorophyll insufficiency is treated and this may lead to a plant diseases called rusts, although some chlorotic plants, such as the albino ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' mutant ''ppi2'', are viable if supplied with exogenous sucrose. The word ''chlorosis'' is derived from the Greek ''khloros'' meaning "greenish-yellow", "pale green", "pale", "pallid", or "fresh". In viticulture, the most common symptom of poor nutrition in grapevines is the yellowing of grape leaves caused by chlorosis and the subsequent loss of chlorophyll. This is often seen in vineyard soils that are high in limestone such as the Italian wine region of Barolo in the Piedmont, the Spanish w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiphinema Index
''Xiphinema index'', the California dagger nematode, is a species of plant-parasitic nematodes. History A major pest of grapes, the California dagger nematode provided the first example of a nematode acting as a vector for a viral plant disease. It has spread to multiple continents where there is viticulture production. Description ''Xiphinema index'' is a migratory ectoparasite that primarily feeds on the root tips of grapes (''Vitis vinifera''). The body of a female is around 3 mm long, and the odontostyle is approximately 126 um long. There is a thick cuticle with thin striations across the body. The female has one or two ovaries that are typically paired. Males and females both have dorsally rounded tails that are short.van Zyl, S., M.A. Vivier, M.A. Walker. 2011. Xiphinema index and its Relationship to Grapevines: A review. S. A. J. of Enology and Viticulture, Vol. 33, No.1 Feeding on a susceptible host causes the root stunting and tip galling. Furthermore, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepoviruses
''Nepovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales'', in the family ''Secoviridae'', in the subfamily ''Comovirinae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 40 species in this genus. Nepoviruses, unlike the other two genera (''Comovirus'' and ''Fabavirus'') in the subfamily ''Comovirinae'', are transmitted by nematodes. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: *'' Aeonium ringspot virus'' *'' Apricot latent ringspot virus'' *'' Arabis mosaic virus'' *'' Arracacha virus A'' *'' Artichoke Aegean ringspot virus'' *'' Artichoke Italian latent virus'' *'' Artichoke yellow ringspot virus'' *'' Beet ringspot virus'' *'' Blackcurrant reversion virus'' *'' Blueberry latent spherical virus'' *'' Blueberry leaf mottle virus'' *'' Cassava American latent virus'' *'' Cassava green mottle virus'' *'' Cherry leaf roll virus'' *'' Chicory yellow mottle virus'' *'' Cocoa necrosis virus'' *'' Crimson clover latent virus'' *'' Cycas necrotic stunt virus'' *'' Grapevin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
