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Glibornuride
Glibornuride ( INN) is an anti-diabetic drug from the group of sulfonylureas. It is manufactured by MEDA Pharma and sold in Switzerland under the brand name Glutril. Synthesis Gliburnide is an endo-endo derivative made from camphor-3-carboxamide by borohydride reduction (exo approach), followed by Hofmann rearrangement to carbamate In organic chemistry, a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general formula and structure , which are formally derived from carbamic acid (). The term includes organic compounds (e.g., the ester ethyl carbamate), formall ..., followed by displacement with sodium tosylamide. References Potassium channel blockers Secondary alcohols 1-(Benzenesulfonyl)-3-cyclohexylureas p-Tosyl compounds {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfonylurea
Sulfonylureas (UK: sulphonylurea) are a class of organic compounds used in medicine and agriculture, for example as antidiabetic drugs widely used in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. They act by increasing insulin release from the beta cells in the pancreas. A number of sulfonylureas are also used as herbicides, because they can interfere with plant biosynthesis of certain amino acids. Sulfonylureas are also used experimentally to inhibit interleukin 1 beta release from the NALP3 (or NLRP3) inflammasome. Drugs * First-generation drugs include acetohexamide, carbutamide, chlorpropamide, glycyclamide (tolcyclamide), metahexamide, tolazamide and tolbutamide. * Second-generation drugs include glibenclamide (glyburide), glibornuride, gliclazide, glipizide, gliquidone, glisoxepide and glyclopyramide. * Third-generation drugs include glimepiride, although it is sometimes considered a second-generation agent. Medical uses Sulfonylureas are used primarily for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glibornuride Synthesis
Glibornuride ( INN) is an anti-diabetic drug from the group of sulfonylureas. It is manufactured by MEDA Pharma and sold in Switzerland under the brand name Glutril. Synthesis Gliburnide is an endo-endo derivative made from camphor-3-carboxamide by borohydride reduction (exo approach), followed by Hofmann rearrangement to carbamate In organic chemistry, a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general formula and structure , which are formally derived from carbamic acid (). The term includes organic compounds (e.g., the ester ethyl carbamate), formall ..., followed by displacement with sodium tosylamide. References Potassium channel blockers Secondary alcohols 1-(Benzenesulfonyl)-3-cyclohexylureas p-Tosyl compounds {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-diabetic Drug
Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by altering the glucose level in the blood. With the exceptions of insulin, most GLP receptor agonists ( liraglutide, exenatide, and others), and pramlintide, all are administered orally and are thus also called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents. There are different classes of anti-diabetic drugs, and their selection depends on the nature of the diabetes, age and situation of the person, as well as other factors. Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a disease caused by the lack of insulin. Insulin must be used in type 1, which must be injected. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a disease of insulin resistance by cells. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes. Treatments include agents that (1) increase the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas, (2) increase the sensitivity of target organs to insulin, (3) decrease the rate at which glucose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and (4) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meda AB
Meda AB is a specialty pharmaceutical company, headquartered in Solna, Sweden. Meda imports and markets pharmaceuticals, nutritional, and health-care products, and offers services including clinical research, registration, and logistics. At the end of 2014, Meda had 5,202 employees. Meda's pharmaceuticals are currently sold in more than 150 countries. Meda was listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Mylan in 2016 through a cash and stock offer valued €7.2 billion. Mergers, acquisitions and divestments On 20 July 2007, Meda announced an $800 million cash-and-stock deal to buy the New Jersey-based pharmaceutical company MedPointe from a group of U.S. investors. MedPointe bought the diagnostics and drug businesses of Carter-Wallace in 2001, with the consumer product line going to Church & Dwight. The deal was completed on 22 August with Meda entering the US market. The new shareholders in Meda are The Carlyle Group, The Cypress Group LLC, and other US in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel, St. Gallen a.o.). , coordinates = , largest_city = Zürich , official_languages = , englishmotto = "One for all, all for one" , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , religion = , demonym = , german: Schweizer/Schweizerin, french: Suisse/Suissesse, it, svizzero/svizzera or , rm, Svizzer/Svizra , government_type = Federal assembly-independent directorial republic with elements of a direct democracy , leader_title1 = Federal Council , leader_name1 = , leader_title2 = , leader_name2 = Walter Thurnherr , legislature = Federal Assembly , upper_house = Council of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hofmann Rearrangement
The Hofmann rearrangement (Hofmann degradation) is the organic reaction of a primary amide to a primary amine with one fewer carbon atom. The reaction involves oxidation of the nitrogen followed by rearrangement of the carbonyl and nitrogen to give an isocyanate intermediate. The reaction can form a wide range of products, including alkyl and aryl amines. The reaction is named after its discoverer, August Wilhelm von Hofmann, and should not be confused with the Hofmann elimination, another name reaction for which he is eponymous. Mechanism The reaction of bromine with sodium hydroxide forms sodium hypobromite ''in situ'', which transforms the primary amide into an intermediate isocyanate. The formation of an intermediate nitrene is not possible because it implies also the formation of a hydroxamic acid as a byproduct, which has never been observed. The intermediate isocyanate is hydrolyzed to a primary amine, giving off carbon dioxide. #Base abstracts an acidic N-H proto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbamate
In organic chemistry, a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general formula and structure , which are formally derived from carbamic acid (). The term includes organic compounds (e.g., the ester ethyl carbamate), formally obtained by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms by other organic functional groups; as well as salts with the carbamate anion (e.g. ammonium carbamate). Polymers whose units are joined by carbamate groups are an important family of plastics, the polyurethanes. Properties While carbamic acids are unstable, many carbamate esters or ionic) are stable and well known. Equilibrium with carbonate and bicarbonate In water solutions, the carbamate anion slowly equilibrates with the ammonium cation and the carbonate or bicarbonate anions: : : Calcium carbamate is soluble in water, whereas calcium carbonate is not. Adding a calcium salt to an ammonium carbamate/carbonate solution will precipitate some calcium carbonate imm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potassium Channel Blockers
Potassium channel blockers are agents which interfere with conduction through potassium channels. Medical uses Arrhythmia Potassium channel blockers used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia are classified as class III antiarrhythmic agents. Mechanism Class III agents predominantly block the potassium channels, thereby prolonging repolarization. More specifically, their primary effect is on IKr. Since these agents do not affect the sodium channel, conduction velocity is not decreased. The prolongation of the action potential duration and refractory period, combined with the maintenance of normal conduction velocity, prevent re-entrant arrhythmias. (The re-entrant rhythm is less likely to interact with tissue that has become refractory). Examples and uses *Amiodarone is indicated for the treatment of refractory VT or VF, particularly in the setting of acute ischemia. Amiodarone is also safe to use in individuals with cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation, to mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Alcohols
In chemistry, an alcohol is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl () functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term ''alcohol'' originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest examples, includes all compounds which conform to the general formula . Simple monoalcohols that are the subject of this article include primary (), secondary () and tertiary () alcohols. The suffix ''-ol'' appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority. When a higher priority group is present in the compound, the prefix ''hydroxy-'' is used in its IUPAC name. The suffix ''-ol'' in non-IUPAC names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance is an alcohol. However, some compoun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1-(Benzenesulfonyl)-3-cyclohexylureas
Increment or incremental may refer to: *Incrementalism, a theory (also used in politics as a synonym for gradualism) *Increment and decrement operators, the operators ++ and -- in computer programming *Incremental computing *Incremental backup, which contain only that portion that has changed since the preceding backup copy. *Increment, chess term for additional time a chess player receives on each move * Incremental games * Increment in rounding See also * * *1+1 (other) 1+1 is a mathematical expression that evaluates to: * 2 (number) (in ordinary arithmetic) * 1 (number) (in Boolean algebra with a notation where '+' denotes a logical disjunction) * 0 (number) (in Boolean algebra with a notation where '+' denotes ... {{Disambiguation da:Inkrementel fr:Incrémentation nl:Increment ja:インクリメント pl:Inkrementacja ru:Инкремент sr:Инкремент sv:++ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
