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Grounding
Grounding or grounded may refer to: Science and philosophy * Grounding (metaphysics), a topic of wide philosophical interest * Grounding (psychology), a strategy for coping with stress or other negative emotions * Grounding in communication, the collection of mutual knowledge, beliefs, and assumptions; "common ground" * Ground (electricity), a common return path for electric current * Symbol grounding, a problem in cognition and artificial intelligence Arts and media * ''Grounded'' (comics), a comic book by Mark Sable for Image Comics * ''Grounded'' (video game), a multiplayer survival game by Obsidian Entertainment * " Superman: Grounded" a storyline in the ''Superman'' comic book, written by J. Michael Straczynski * ''Grounding'' (film), 2006 film about the collapse of the airline Swissair * '' Unaccompanied Minors'', a 2006 Christmas film that was titled ''Grounded'' in the UK and Ireland * "Grounded", a song by Lower Than Atlantis from '' World Record'' * "Grounded", a so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ground (electricity)
In electrical engineering, ground or earth is a reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth. Electrical circuits may be connected to ground for several reasons. Exposed conductive parts of electrical equipment are connected to ground, to protect users from electrical shock hazard. If internal insulation fails, dangerous voltages may appear on the exposed conductive parts. Connecting exposed parts to ground will allow circuit breakers (or RCDs) to interrupt power supply in the event of a fault. In electric power distribution systems, a protective earth (PE) conductor is an essential part of the safety provided by the earthing system. Connection to ground also limits the build-up of static electricity when handling flammable products or electrostatic-sensitive devices. In some telegraph and power transmission circuits, the ground itself can be used as one condu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grounding In Communication
Grounding in communication is a concept proposed by Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Brennan. It comprises the collection of "mutual knowledge, mutual beliefs, and mutual assumptions" that is essential for communication between two people. Successful grounding in communication requires parties "to coordinate both the content and process". The concept is also common in philosophy of language. Elements of theory Grounding in conversation Grounding in communication theory has described conversation as a form of collaborative action. While grounding in communication theory has been applied to mediated communication, the theory primarily addresses face-to-face conversation. Groups working together will ground their conversations by coming up with common ground or mutual knowledge. The members will utilize this knowledge in order to contribute to a more efficient dialogue. Grounding criterion is the mutual belief between conversational partners that everyone involved has a clear enou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbol Grounding
In cognitive science and semantics, the symbol grounding problem concerns how it is that words (symbols in general) get their meanings, and hence is closely related to the problem of what meaning itself really is. The problem of meaning is in turn related to the problem of how it is that mental states are meaningful, hence to the problem of consciousness: what is the connection between certain physical systems and the contents of subjective experiences. Background Referents Gottlob Frege distinguished a referent (the thing that a word refers to) and the word's meaning. This is most clearly illustrated using the proper names of concrete individuals, but it is also true of names of kinds of things and of abstract properties: (1) "Tony Blair", (2) "the prime minister of the UK during the year 2004", and (3) "Cherie Blair's husband" all have the same referent, but not the same meaning. Some have suggested that the meaning of a (referring) word is the rule or features that one must ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ship Grounding
Ship grounding or ship stranding is the impact of a ship on seabed or waterway side. It may be intentional, as in beaching to land crew or cargo, and careening, for maintenance or repair, or unintentional, as in a marine accident. In accidental cases, it is commonly referred to as "running aground". When unintentional, grounding may result simply in stranding, with or without damage to the submerged part of the ship's hull. Breach of the hull may lead to significant flooding, which in the absence of containment in watertight bulkheads may substantially compromise the ship's structural integrity, stability, and safety. As hazard Severe grounding applies extreme loads upon ship structures. In less severe accidents, it might result only in damage to the hull; however, in most serious accidents, it might lead to hull breaches, cargo spills, total loss of the vessel, and, in the worst cases, human casualties. Grounding accounts for about one-third of commercial ship accidents,Kit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intentional Grounding
In gridiron football, intentional grounding is a violation of the rules where "a passer...throws a forward pass without a realistic chance of completion."Official Rules of the NFL, Rule 8-3-1. This typically happens when a quarterback about to be sacked passes the ball toward an area of the field with no eligible receiver. Without this rule, the quarterback could almost always avoid a sack by intentionally throwing an incomplete pass (which would stop the clock and return the ball to the line of scrimmage, avoiding any loss of yardage); instead, the penalty of intentional grounding effectively continues play as if the defense had succeeded in sacking the quarterback. History The rule against intentional grounding seems to date from 1914, two seasons after an incomplete pass ceased to result in a turnover, in the period of rule experimentation that followed legalization of the forward pass in 1906. Elements A ball carrier, in any location, commits intentional grounding when throw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grounding (metaphysics)
Grounding is a topic in metaphysics. Consider an ordinary physical object, such as a table, and the atoms it is made of. Without the atoms, the table would not exist. The table's existence ''depends'' on the existence of the atoms. This kind of dependence is called "grounding" to distinguish it from other kinds of dependence, such as the dependence of an effect on its cause. It is sometimes called ''metaphysical'' or ''ontological dependence''. Grounding can be characterized as a Relations (philosophy), relation between a ''ground'' and a ''grounded entity''. The ground exists on a more fundamental level than the grounded entity, in the sense that the grounded entity depends for its existence or its Property (philosophy), properties on its ground. According to the meta-ontology#Neo-Aristotelian approach, neo-Aristotelian approach to ontology, the goal of ontology is to determine which entities are fundamental and how the non-fundamental entities depend on them. Overview A distinctio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grounded
Grounding or grounded may refer to: Science and philosophy * Grounding (metaphysics), a topic of wide philosophical interest * Grounding (psychology), a strategy for coping with stress or other negative emotions * Grounding in communication, the collection of mutual knowledge, beliefs, and assumptions; "common ground" * Ground (electricity), a common return path for electric current * Symbol grounding, a problem in cognition and artificial intelligence Arts and media * ''Grounded'' (comics), a comic book by Mark Sable for Image Comics * ''Grounded'' (video game), a multiplayer survival game by Obsidian Entertainment * " Superman: Grounded" a storyline in the ''Superman'' comic book, written by J. Michael Straczynski * ''Grounding'' (film), 2006 film about the collapse of the airline Swissair * '' Unaccompanied Minors'', a 2006 Christmas film that was titled ''Grounded'' in the UK and Ireland * "Grounded", a song by Lower Than Atlantis from '' World Record'' * "Grounded", a so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grounding (nature Therapy)
Nature therapy, sometimes referred to as ecotherapy, forest therapy, forest bathing, grounding, earthing, Shinrin-Yoku or Sami Lok, is a practice that describes a broad group of techniques or treatments to use nature to improve mental or physical health. Spending time in nature has various physiological benefits such as relaxation and stress reduction. History In the 6th century BCE, Cyrus the Great planted a garden in the middle of a city to increase human health. In the 16th century CE, Paracelsus wrote: "The art of healing comes from nature, not from the physician." Scientists in the 1950s looked into why people chose to spend time in nature. The term ''Shinrin-yoku'' () or forest bathing was coined by the head of the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tomohide Akiyama, in 1982 to encourage more visitors to forests. Health effects Mood 120 minutes in nature weekly could improve health and well-being. As little as five minutes in a natural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grounding Inc
is a Japanese video game developer. His work includes leading the teams which created Sega Saturn games ''Panzer Dragoon'', ''Panzer Dragoon II Zwei'', and ''Panzer Dragoon Saga'', and Xbox title '' Phantom Dust''. He is the co-founder of video game development company Grounding Inc, developers of ''Crimson Dragon''. Early life Yukio Futatsugi grew up in Kobe, Japan, where he attended high school. While spending a year in San Francisco at primary school age he fell in love with games such as ''Pong'' and ''Space Invaders'', and later decided to pursue a career in video games over his other hobby, filmmaking. Of this choice Futatsugi said "I went with videogames, because I thought the world of games was about to become interesting." He attended the University of Tsukuba in Tokyo where he graduated with a degree in computer science. Career In 1991, after finishing his degree, Futatsugi joined Sega. After two years of what he considered "menial tasks" he submitted a proposal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grounding (psychology)
Coping refers to conscious strategies used to reduce unpleasant emotions. Coping strategies can be cognitions or behaviours and can be individual or social. Theories of coping Hundreds of coping strategies have been proposed in an attempt to understand how people cope. Classification of these strategies into a broader architecture has not been agreed upon. Researchers try to group coping responses rationally, empirically by factor analysis, or through a blend of both techniques. In the early days, Folkman and Lazarus split the coping strategies into four groups, namely problem-focused, emotion-focused, support-seeking, and meaning-making coping. Weiten has identified four types of coping strategies:Weiten, W. & Lloyd, M.A. (2008) ''Psychology Applied to Modern Life (9th ed.)''. Wadsworth Cengage Learning. . appraisal-focused (adaptive cognitive), problem-focused (adaptive behavioral), emotion-focused, and occupation-focused coping. Billings and Moos added avoidance coping as o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grounding (film)
''Grounding - Die letzten Tage der Swissair'' (en:Grounding - The last days of Swissair) is a film about the collapse in 2001 of Swissair Swissair AG/ S.A. (German: Schweizerische Luftverkehr-AG; French: S.A. Suisse pour la Navigation Aérienne) was the national airline of Switzerland between its founding in 1931 and bankruptcy in 2002. It was formed from a merger between Bal ..., Switzerland's national airline, by Michael Steiner and Tobias Fueter, presented in January 2006. Producers: Peter-Christian Fueter & Pascal Najadi. External links * * 2006 films Films based on actual events Swiss drama films Aviation films Swiss German-language films {{Switzerland-film-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grounding (discipline Technique)
Grounding is a general discipline technique which is restriction of children at home from going out. During this time period, any positive reinforcement is taken away and other privileges, such as but not limited to using the Internet, playing video games, or watching television, are often revoked. Grounding is used as an alternative to physical discipline, e.g., spanking, for behavior management Behavior management, similar to behavior modification, is a less-intensive form of behavior therapy. Unlike behavior modification, which focuses on changing behavior, behavior management focuses on maintaining positive habits and behaviors and red ... in the home. According to a 2000 review on child outcomes, "Grounding has been replicated as a more effective disciplinary alternative than spanking with teenagers." Grounding can backfire if the type and duration of restrictions are disproportionately severe for the behavior meant to be corrected, or if the restrictions are too difficult f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
