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Green Muscardine Disease
Green muscardine disease is the presentation of a fungal infection of insects caused by members of the ''Metarhizium'' or ''Nomuraea'' species. Once the fungus has killed its host it covers the host's cuticle with a layer of green spores, hence the name of the disease. It was originally discovered as a pest of silk worms, upon which it was highly lethal. To insect mycologists and microbial control specialists, "green muscardine" refers to fungal infection caused by ''Metarhizium'' spp., whereas in sericulture, "green muscardine" refers to a similar fungal infection caused by ''Nomuraea rileyi ''Metarhizium rileyi''Kepler, Humber, Bischoff, Rehner SA (2014) ''Mycologia'' 106(4): 824. is a species of entomopathogenic fungus in the family Clavicipitaceae The Clavicipitaceae are a family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. A 2008 es ...''. Green muscardine has been identified as disease of over 200 known insect species. References {{Reflist Insect diseases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metarhizium
''Metarhizium'' is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi in the Clavicipitaceae family. With the advent of genetic profiling, placing these fungi in proper taxa has now become possible. Most turn out to be the asexual forms (anamorphs) of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, including ''Metacordyceps'' spp. Species Before molecular techniques were introduced at the end of the 20th century, ''Metarhizium'' species were identified on morphological (notably conidial) characteristics. The 'original' species included: '' M. anisopliae'' (with '' M.a. var. major''), '' M. brunneum'', '' M. cicadinum'', '' M. cylindrosporum'', '' M. flavoviride'', '' M. taii'', '' M. truncatum'', and '' M. viridicolumnare''. In 2009, nine former varieties of the type species '' M. anisopliae'' were assigned species status. New species have continued to be identified, with original names sometimes re-instated (notably '' M. brunneum''). The first complete chromosome length genome sequence for any ''Meta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomuraea
''Nomuraea'' is a genus of fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae. The genus name of ''Nomuraea'' is in honour of H. Nomura (b.1897), who was a Japanese scientist. The genus was circumscribed by André Maublanc in Bull. Soc. Mycol. France vol.19 on page 295 in 1903. Species ''Species fungorum'' lists: * '' Nomuraea anemonoides'' A.D. Hocking (1977) * '' Nomuraea owariensis'' Uchiy. & Udagawa (2002) Reclassified Species Names Five species have been reassigned to other genera, including the entomopathogenic fungus species "''Nomuraea rilei''" (now in ''Metarhizium'') which shows potential for control of insect pests in the Noctuidae. * ''N. atypicola'' (Yasuda) Samson (1974) is a synonym of ''Purpureocillium atypicola'' (Ophiocordycipitaceae) * ''N. cylindrosporae'' (Q.T. Chen & H.L. Guo) Tzean, L.S. Hsieh, J.L. Chen & W.J. Wu (1993) is a synonym of '' Metarhizium cylindrosporum'' (Clavicipitaceae) * ''N. rileyi'' (Farl.) Samson (1974) and ''N. prasina'' Maubl. (1903) are synonyms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silk Worm
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm ''Bombyx mori'' reared in captivity (sericulture). The shimmering appearance of silk is due to the triangular prism-like structure of the silk fibre, which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles, thus producing different colors. Silk is produced by several insects; but, generally, only the silk of moth caterpillars has been used for textile manufacturing. There has been some research into other types of silk, which differ at the molecular level. Silk is mainly produced by the larvae of insects undergoing complete metamorphosis, but some insects, such as webspinners and raspy crickets, produce silk throughout their lives. Silk production also occurs in hymenoptera (bees, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sericulture
Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk. Although there are several commercial species of silkworms, ''Bombyx mori'' (the caterpillar of the domestic silkmoth) is the most widely used and intensively studied silkworm. Silk was believed to have first been produced in China as early as the Neolithic Period. Sericulture has become an important cottage industry in countries such as Brazil, China, France, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Russia. Today, China and India are the two main producers, with more than 60% of the world's annual production. History According to Confucian text, the discovery of silk production dates to about 2700 BC, although archaeological records point to silk cultivation as early as the Yangshao period (5000–3000 BC). In 1977, a piece of ceramic created 5400–5500 years ago and designed to look like a silkworm was discovered in Nancun, Hebei, providing the earliest known evidence of sericulture. Also, by careful a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomuraea Rileyi
''Metarhizium rileyi''Kepler, Humber, Bischoff, Rehner SA (2014) ''Mycologia'' 106(4): 824. is a species of entomopathogenic fungus in the family Clavicipitaceae The Clavicipitaceae are a family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate placed 43 genera in the family, but recent work has increased this number to 97. Phylogeny Molecular phylogenetic analysis of multigene DNA sequence data in ...; there is extensive literature under its synonym ''Nomuraea rileyi''. References External links * * Clavicipitaceae Hypocreales genera Biological pest control Fungi described in 1883 {{Hypocreales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
