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Gracioso
The gracioso () is a clown or jester in Spanish comedy of the 16th century. Clarín, the clown in Pedro Calderón de la Barca's '' Life is a dream'' is recognized as a gracioso. Benjamin Ivry describes the gracioso as "scatological, sexual, anti-feminist, anti-Semitic, and a vehicle for wild, anti-heroic satire. A gross trickster with license to every obscenity, a gracioso could also be poignant, but mostly he burlesqued eroticism by declaring as identical hermaphrodites, homosexuals and eunuchs . Northrop Frye identified him as a type of tricky slave. ''Alborada del gracioso'', the fourth movement of ''Miroirs upRavel in 1907 ''Miroirs'' (French for "Mirrors") is a five-movement suite for solo piano written by French composer Maurice Ravel between 1904 and 1905."Miroirs". Maurice Ravel Frontispice. First performed by Ricardo Viñes in 1906, ''Miroirs ...'' (1904–05) by Maurice Ravel, is a musical portrait of a ''gracioso.'' References * Fictional jesters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alborada Del Gracioso
''Alborada del gracioso'' ("The Jester's Aubade", or other translations: see below) is a short orchestral piece by Maurice Ravel first performed in 1919. It is an orchestrated version of one of the five movements of his piano suite ''Miroirs'', written in 1904–05. Originally created for a ballet, the work has entered the concert repertoire, and has been recorded frequently. Title The title, in Spanish, has no exact English translation. It has been various rendered as "Morning Song of the Clown", "The Jester's Aubade",Orenstein, p. 159 and "Morning Song of the Buffoon". ''Alborada'', literally "dawn", has a variety of musical meanings: it can be a lively folk-dance,Bromberger, EricProgramme note, San Diego Symphony Orchestra, 15–17 May 2015, pp. 4–6 a Galician folk tune, a type of rhythmically free instrumental music played on bagpipes and small drum, a song for a wedding day, or, as it is usually construed in the context of Ravel's piece, a musical announcement of dawn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clown
A clown is a person who performs comedy and arts in a state of open-mindedness using physical comedy, typically while wearing distinct makeup or costuming and reversing folkway-norms. History The most ancient clowns have been found in the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt, around 2400 BC. Unlike court jesters, clowns have traditionally served a socio-religious and psychological role, and traditionally the roles of priest and clown have been held by the same persons. Peter Berger writes, "It seems plausible that folly and fools, like religion and magic, meet some deeply rooted needs in human society." For this reason, clowning is often considered an important part of training as a physical performance discipline, partly because tricky subject matter can be dealt with, but also because it requires a high level of risk and play in the performer. In anthropology, the term ''clown'' has been extended to comparable jester or fool characters in non-Western cultures. A society in which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jester
A jester, court jester, fool or joker was a member of the household of a nobleman or a monarch employed to entertain guests during the medieval and Renaissance eras. Jesters were also itinerant performers who entertained common folk at fairs and town markets, and the discipline continues into the modern day, where jesters perform at historical-themed events. During the Middle Ages, jesters are often thought to have worn brightly colored clothes and eccentric hats in a motley pattern. Their modern counterparts usually mimic this costume. Jesters entertained with a wide variety of skills: principal among them were song, music, and storytelling, but many also employed acrobatics, juggling, telling jokes (such as puns, stereotypes, and imitation), and performing magic tricks. Much of the entertainment was performed in a comic style. Many jesters made contemporary jokes in word or song about people or events well known to their audiences. Etymology The modern use of the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comedia (Spanish Play)
Comedia or Comédia may refer to: * ''Comedia'' (Spanish play), a genre of three-act play in the Spanish Golden Age tradition * Comedia (festival), a comedy film festival taking place in July as part of the larger Just for Laughs comedy festival * Comedia (trade union), former trade union in Switzerland * The ''Divine Comedy'' of Dante Alighieri, referred to by Dante in his own Italian as ''Comedìa'' (''questa comedìa'', ''la mia comedìa'') * Comedia (consultancy), a publishing company * SIC Comédia, a Portuguese television station * ''Comedia'' (album), a 1978 salsa album by Héctor Lavoe * Comedia invention Comedia or Comédia may refer to: * ''Comedia'' (Spanish play), a genre of three-act play in the Spanish Golden Age tradition * Comedia (festival), a comedy film festival taking place in July as part of the larger Just for Laughs comedy festival ..., was invented by Juan Pablo Silva Calderonus See also * Commedia (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Calderón De La Barca
Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Barreda González de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Riaño (, ; ; 17 January 160025 May 1681) was a Spanish dramatist, poet, writer and knight of the Order of Santiago. He is known as one of the most distinguished Baroque writers of the Spanish Golden Age, especially for his plays. Calderón de la Barca was born in Madrid, where he spent most of his life. He was born on a boat in the Manzanares river, thus the name "de la Barca" added to his father's last name. During his life, he served as soldier and he was a Roman Catholic priest. Born when the Spanish Golden Age theatre was being defined by Lope de Vega, he developed it further, his work being regarded as the culmination of the Spanish Baroque theatre. As such, he is regarded as one of Spain's foremost dramatists and one of the finest playwrights of world literature. Biography Pedro Calderón de la Barca was born in Madrid on Friday, 17 January 1600, and was baptized in the parish of San Martín. Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Ivry
Benjamin Ivry is an American writer on the arts, broadcaster and translator. Ivry is author of biographies of Francis Poulenc, Arthur Rimbaud, and Maurice Ravel, as well as a poetry collection, ''Paradise for the Portuguese Queen''. The latter contains poems that first appeared in, among other places, '' The New Yorker'', the '' London Review of Books'', ''The Spectator'', ''Ambit Magazine'', and '' The New Republic''. He has also translated books from the French by authors such as André Gide, Jules Verne, Witold Gombrowicz, and Balthus. Ivry has written about the arts for a variety of periodicals including '' The New York Observer'', '' The New York Sun'', '' New England Review'', '' The Economist'', '' The Wall Street Journal'', '' Newsweek'', '' Time'', '' New Statesman'', '' The New York Times'', ''Bloomberg.com'', and '' The Washington Post''. Selected bibliography Biographies *''Francis Poulenc'', 1996Phaidon *''Arthur Rimbaud'', 1998, Absolute Press, *''Maurice Ravel: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eunuchs
A eunuch ( ) is a male who has been castrated. Throughout history, castration often served a specific social function. The earliest records for intentional castration to produce eunuchs are from the Sumerian city of Lagash in the 2nd millennium BCE. Over the millennia since, they have performed a wide variety of functions in many different cultures: courtiers or equivalent domestics, for espionage or clandestine operations, castrato singers, concubines, or sexual partners, religious specialists, soldiers, royal guards, government officials, and guardians of women or harem servants. Eunuchs would usually be servants or slaves who had been castrated to make them less threatening servants of a royal court where physical access to the ruler could wield great influence. Seemingly lowly domestic functions—such as making the ruler's bed, bathing him, cutting his hair, carrying him in his litter, or even relaying messages—could, in theory, give a eunuch "the ruler's ear" and impar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northrop Frye
Herman Northrop Frye (July 14, 1912 – January 23, 1991) was a Canadian literary critic and literary theorist, considered one of the most influential of the 20th century. Frye gained international fame with his first book, '' Fearful Symmetry'' (1947), which led to the reinterpretation of the poetry of William Blake. His lasting reputation rests principally on the theory of literary criticism that he developed in '' Anatomy of Criticism'' (1957), one of the most important works of literary theory published in the twentieth century. The American critic Harold Bloom commented at the time of its publication that ''Anatomy'' established Frye as "the foremost living student of Western literature." Frye's contributions to cultural and social criticism spanned a long career during which he earned widespread recognition and received many honours. Biography Early life and education Born in Sherbrooke, Quebec, but raised in Moncton, New Brunswick, Frye was the third child of He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricky Slave
The tricky slave is a stock character. He is a clever, lower-class person who brings about the happy ending of a comedy for the lovers. He is more clever than the upper-class people about him, both the lovers and the characters who block their love, and typically also looking out for his own interests. In the New Comedy, the tricky slave or ''dolosus servus'' aimed to get his freedom by assisting his young master in love.Northrop Frye, ''Anatomy of Criticism'', p 173, Besides the actual slaves of classical theater, he also appears as the scheming valet in Renaissance comedy, called the '' gracioso'' in Spanish. The zanni of Commedia dell'arte are often tricky slaves, as are Puss-in-Boots in Perrault's fairy tale, Jeeves in P. G. Wodehouse's work and Figaro. In fairy tales, the same function is often fulfilled by fairy godmothers, talking animals, and like creatures. Northrop Frye identified him as a central portion of the Myth of Spring comedy and a type of eiron I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miroirs
upRavel in 1907 ''Miroirs'' (French for "Mirrors") is a five-movement suite for solo piano written by French composer Maurice Ravel between 1904 and 1905."Miroirs". Maurice Ravel Frontispice. First performed by Ricardo Viñes in 1906, ''Miroirs'' contains five movements, each dedicated to a fellow member of the French avant-garde artist group Les Apaches."Miroirs". Piano Society. http://www.pianosociety.com/cms/index.php?section=171 History Around 1900, Maurice Ravel joined a group of innovative young artists, poets, critics, and musicians referred to as Les Apaches or "hooligans", a term coined by Ricardo Viñes to refer to his band of "artistic outcasts". To pay tribute to his fellow artists, Ravel began composing ''Miroirs'' in 1904 and finished it the following year. It was first published by Eugène Demets in 1906. The third and fourth movements were subsequently orchestrated by Ravel, while the fifth was orchestrated by Percy Grainger, among others. Structure ''Miroi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Ravel
Joseph Maurice Ravel (7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with Impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. In the 1920s and 1930s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer. Born to a music-loving family, Ravel attended France's premier music college, the Paris Conservatoire; he was not well regarded by its conservative establishment, whose biased treatment of him caused a scandal. After leaving the conservatoire, Ravel found his own way as a composer, developing a style of great clarity and incorporating elements of modernism, baroque, neoclassicism and, in his later works, jazz. He liked to experiment with musical form, as in his best-known work, ''Boléro'' (1928), in which repetition takes the place of development. Renowned for his abilities in orchestration, Ravel made some orchestral arrangements of other compose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
