|
Genopolitics
Genopolitics is the study of the genetic basis of political behavior and attitudes. It combines behavior genetics, psychology, and political science and it is closely related to the emerging fields of neuropolitics (the study of the neural basis of political attitudes and behavior) and political physiology (the study of biophysical correlates of political attitudes and behavior). In 2008, ''The Chronicle of Higher Education'' reported on the increase in academicians' recognition of and engagement in genopolitics as a discrete field of study, and ''New York Times Magazine'' included genopolitics in its "Eighth Annual Year in Ideas" for the same year, noting that the term was originally coined by James Fowler. Critics of genopolitics have argued that it is "a fundamentally misguided undertaking", and that it is inconsistent with evidence in the fields of genetics, neuroscience, and evolutionary psychology. Twin studies of political attitudes Psychologists and behavior geneticists b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropolitics
Neuropolitics is a science which investigates the interplay between the brain and politics. It combines work from a variety of scientific fields which includes neuroscience, political science, psychology, behavioral genetics, primatology, and ethology. Often, neuropolitics research borrow methods from cognitive neuroscience to investigate classic questions from political science such as how people make political decisions, form political / ideological attitudes, evaluate political candidates, and interact in political coalitions. However, another line of research considers the role that evolving political competition has had on the development of the brain in humans and other species. The research in neuropolitics often intersects with work in genopolitics, political psychology, political physiology, sociobiology, neuroeconomics, and neurolaw. History Philosophers, including Plato and John Locke, have long theorized about the nature of human thought and used these theories a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behavior Genetics
Behavioural genetics, also referred to as behaviour genetics, is a field of scientific research that uses genetic methods to investigate the nature and origins of individual differences in behaviour. While the name "behavioural genetics" connotes a focus on genetic influences, the field broadly investigates the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence individual differences, and the development of research designs that can remove the confounding of genes and environment. Behavioural genetics was founded as a scientific discipline by Francis Galton in the late 19th century, only to be discredited through association with eugenics movements before and during World War II. In the latter half of the 20th century, the field saw renewed prominence with research on inheritance of behaviour and mental illness in humans (typically using twin and family studies), as well as research on genetically informative model organisms through selective breeding and crosses. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Political Science Review
The ''American Political Science Review'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all areas of political science. It is an official journal of the American Political Science Association and is published on their behalf by Cambridge University Press. The journal was established in 1906. It is considered a flagship journal in political science. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index, Current Contents / Social & Behavioral Sciences, International Bibliography of Periodical Literature, and the International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature and Social Sciences. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 3.316, ranking it 5th out of 165 journals in the category "Political Science". Editorial team The first three managing editors were W. W. Willoughby (1906-1916), John A. Fairlie (1917-1925) and Frederic A. Ogg (1926–1949). For the 2020– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biology And Political Orientation
A number of studies have found that human biology can be linked with political orientation. This means that an individual's biology may predispose them to a particular political orientation and ideology. Many of the studies linking biology to politics remain controversial and unrepeated. Studies have found that subjects with right-wing, or ''conservative'' in the United States, political views have larger amygdalae and are more sensitive to disgust. Those with left-wing, or ''liberal'' in the United States, political views have larger volume of grey matter in the anterior cingulate cortex and are more attentive to incongruent information. Conservatives have a stronger sympathetic nervous system response to threatening images and are more sensitive to threatening facial expressions. Genetic factors account for at least some of the variation of political views. From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, conflicts regarding redistribution of wealth may have been common i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biopolitics
Biopolitics refers to the political relations between the administration or regulation of the life of species and a locality's populations, where politics and law evaluate life based on perceived constants and traits. French philosopher Michel Foucault, who wrote about and gave lectures dedicated to his theory of biopolitics, wrote that it is "to ensure, sustain, and multiply life, to put this life in order." Previous notions of the concept can be traced back to the Middle Ages in John of Salisbury's work ''Policraticus'', in which the term body politic was coined and used. The term ''biopolitics'' was first used by Rudolf Kjellén, a political scientist who also coined the term geopolitics, in his 1905 two-volume work ''The Great Powers''. Kjellén used the term in the context of his aim to study "the civil war between social groups" (comprising the state) from a biological perspective, and thus named his putative discipline "biopolitics". In Kjellén's organicist view, the state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biology And Political Science
The interdisciplinary study of biology and political science is the application of theories and methods from the field of biology toward the scientific understanding of political behavior. The field is sometimes called biopolitics, a term that will be used in this article as a synonym although it has other, less related meanings. More generally, the field has also been called "politics and the life sciences". History The field can be said to originate with the 1968 manifesto of Albert Somit, ''Towards a more Biologically Oriented Political Science'', which appeared in the ''Midwest Journal of Political Science''. The term "biopolitics" was appropriated for this area of study by Thomas Thorton, who used it as the title of his 1970 book. The Association for Politics and the Life Sciences was formed in 1981 and exists to study the field of biopolitics as a subfield of political science. APLS owns and publishes an academic peer-reviewed journal called ''Politics and the Life Scienc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genetic Linkage
Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction. Two genetic markers that are physically near to each other are unlikely to be separated onto different chromatids during chromosomal crossover, and are therefore said to be more ''linked'' than markers that are far apart. In other words, the nearer two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the chance of recombination between them, and the more likely they are to be inherited together. Markers on different chromosomes are perfectly ''unlinked'', although the penetrance of potentially deleterious alleles may be influenced by the presence of other alleles, and these other alleles may be located on other chromosomes than that on which a particular potentially deleterious allele is located. Genetic linkage is the most prominent exception to Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment. The first experiment to demonstrate li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Participation
Citizen Participation or Public Participation in social science refers to different mechanisms for the public to express opinions—and ideally exert influence—regarding political, economic, management or other social decisions. Participatory decision-making can take place along any realm of human social activity, including economic (i.e. participatory economics), political (i.e. participatory democracy or parpolity), management (i.e. participatory management), cultural (i.e. polyculturalism) or familial (i.e. feminism). For well-informed participation to occur, it is argued that some version of transparency, e.g. radical transparency, is necessary but not sufficient. It has also been argued that those most affected by a decision should have the most say while those that are least affected should have the least say in a topic. Classifying participation Sherry Arnstein discusses eight types of participation in ''A Ladder of Citizen Participation'' (1969). Often termed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Longitudinal Study Of Adolescent Health
The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, also known as Add Health, is a multiwave longitudinal study of adolescents in the United States. It was begun in 1994 in response to a Congressional mandate to study adolescent health, and was initially called the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The first wave of the study, funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development The ''Eunice Kennedy Shriver'' National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) is one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States Department of Health and Human Services. It supports and conducts research aime ..., involved administering a questionnaire to a nationally representative sample of 7th- through 12th-graders during the 1994-95 school year. In the first wave of the study, the questionnaire was administered to about 20,000 adolescents, making it one of the largest longitudinal surveys of adoles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voter Turnout
In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford University political scientists Adam Bonica and Michael McFaul, there is a consensus among political scientists that "democracies perform better when more people vote." Institutional factors drive the vast majority of differences in turnout rates.Michael McDonald and Samuel Popkin"The Myth of the Vanishing Voter"in American Political Science Review. December 2001. p. 970. For example, simpler parliamentary democracies where voters get shorter ballots, fewer elections, and a multi-party system that makes accountability easier see much higher turnout than the systems of the United States, Japan, and Switzerland. Significance Some parts of society are more likely to vote than others. As turnout approaches 90%, significant differences between vot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twin Registry
A twin registry is a database of information about both identical twins and fraternal twins, which is often maintained by an academic institution, such as a university, or by other research institutions. Investigative use The use of twins can improve the statistical power of a genetic study by reducing the amount of genetic and/or environmental variability.NIEHS Twin Registry accessed 2013-06-14. (Some of the text in this article is a close paraphrase of the material on this website maintained by the U.S. Federal Government, and which is a document in the public domain.) "Identical twins" ( (MZ) twins) share virtually all their |
