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Fusarium
''Fusarium'' is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health if they enter the food chain. The main toxins produced by these ''Fusarium'' species are fumonisins and trichothecenes. Despite most species apparently being harmless (some existing on the skin as commensal members of the skin flora), some ''Fusarium'' species and subspecific groups are among the most important fungal pathogens of plants and animals. The name of ''Fusarium'' comes from Latin ''fusus'', meaning a spindle. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the genus is complex. A number of different schemes have been used, and up to 1,000 species have been identified at times, with approaches varying between wide and narrow concepts of speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Fusarium Species
''Fusarium'' species include: Species * '' Fusarium acaciae'' * '' Fusarium acaciae-mearnsii'' * '' Fusarium acicola'' * ''Fusarium acremoniopsis'' * '' Fusarium acridiorum'' * ''Fusarium acutatum'' * ''Fusarium aderholdii'' * '' Fusarium adesmiae'' * '' Fusarium aduncisporum'' * '' Fusarium aecidii-tussilaginis'' * '' Fusarium aeruginosum'' * '' Fusarium aethiopicum'' * ''Fusarium affine'' * '' Fusarium agaricorum'' * '' Fusarium ailanthinum'' * '' Fusarium alabamense'' * '' Fusarium albedinis'' * '' Fusarium albertii'' * '' Fusarium albidoviolaceum'' * '' Fusarium albiziae'' * '' Fusarium albocarneum'' * '' Fusarium album'' * '' Fusarium aleurinum'' * '' Fusarium aleyrodis'' * '' Fusarium alkanophilum'' * '' Fusarium allescheri'' * '' Fusarium allescherianum'' * '' Fusarium allii-sativi'' * '' Fusarium alluviale'' * '' Fusarium aloës'' * '' Fusarium ambrosium'' * '' Fusarium amenti'' * '' Fusarium amentorum'' * '' Fusarium amethysteum'' * '' Fusarium ampelodesmi'' * '' Fus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Bubigeum
''Fusarium'' is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health if they enter the food chain. The main toxins produced by these ''Fusarium'' species are fumonisins and trichothecenes. Despite most species apparently being harmless (some existing on the skin as commensal members of the skin flora), some ''Fusarium'' species and subspecific groups are among the most important fungal pathogens of plants and animals. The name of ''Fusarium'' comes from Latin ''fusus'', meaning a spindle. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the genus is complex. A number of different schemes have been used, and up to 1,000 species have been identified at times, with approaches varying between wide and narrow concepts of speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Graminearum
''Gibberella zeae'', also known by the name of its anamorph ''Fusarium graminearum'', is a fungal plant pathogen which causes fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease on wheat and barley. The pathogen is responsible for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year. Infection causes shifts in the amino acid composition of wheat, resulting in shriveled kernels and contaminating the remaining grain with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol (DON), which inhibits protein biosynthesis; and zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin. These toxins cause vomiting, liver damage, and reproductive defects in livestock, and are harmful to humans through contaminated food. Despite great efforts to find resistance genes against ''F. graminearum'', no completely resistant variety is currently available. Research on the biology of ''F. graminearum'' is directed towards gaining insight into more details about the infection process and reveal weak spots in the life cycle of this pathog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Culmorum
''Fusarium culmorum'' is a fungal plant pathogen and the causal agent of seedling blight, foot rot, ear blight, stalk rot, common root rot and other diseases of cereals, grasses, and a wide variety of monocots and dicots. In coastal dunegrass (''Leymus mollis''), ''F. culmorum'' is a nonpathogenic symbiont conferring both salt and drought tolerance to the plant. Identification Colonies grow rapidly on potato dextrose agar. The aerial mycelium is whitish to yellow, tan or pale orange, but becomes brown to dark brown to red-brown with age. Under alternating conditions of light and temperature, rings of spore masses may be formed by some isolates. Macroconidia Microconidia are absent, but macroconidia are usually abundant. The sporodochia are orange to brown color and relatively common. The macroconidia are thick and bluntly pointed at their apex, and conspicuously wider above the center of the spore. The dorsal side is somewhat curved, but the ventral side is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Circinatum
''Fusarium circinatum'' is a fungal plant pathogen that causes the serious disease pitch canker on pine trees and Douglas firs (''Pseudotsuga menziesii''). The most common hosts of the pathogen include slash pine ('' Pinus elliottii''), loblolly pine (''Pinus taeda''), Monterey pine (''Pinus radiata''), Mexican weeping pine (''Pinus patula''), and Douglas fir. Like other ''Fusarium'' species in the phylum Ascomycota, it is the asexual reproductive state of the fungus and has a teleomorph, ''Gibberella circinata''. Distribution This fungus is believed to have originated in Mexico. It spread to the eastern United States in 1946 and by 1986 had reached the western United States. It was first recorded in Japan in the 1980s, in South Africa in 1990, in Chile and Spain in the mid 1990s and in Italy in 2007. Host species In California this canker has been recorded on nine different species of pine (''Pinus'') and on Douglas fir (''Pseudotsuga menziesii''). In Europe and Asia it has bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichothecenes
The trichothecenes are a large family of chemically related mycotoxins. They are produced by various species of ''Fusarium'', ''Myrothecium'', ''Trichoderma''/''Podostroma'', '' Trichothecium'', ''Cephalosporium'', '' Verticimonosporium'', and '' Stachybotrys''. Chemically, trichothecenes are a class of sesquiterpenes. The determining structural features causing the biological activity of trichothecenes are the 12,13-epoxy ring, the presence of hydroxyl or acetyl groups at appropriate positions on the trichothecene nucleus, and the structure and position of the side-chain. They are produced on many different grains such wheat, oats or maize by various ''Fusarium'' species including ''F. graminearum'', ''F. sporotrichioides'', ''F. poae'' and ''F. equiseti''. Some molds that produce trichothecene mycotoxins, for example '' Stachybotrys chartarum'', can grow in damp indoor environments. It has been found that macrocyclic trichothecenes produced by ''S. chartarum'' can become airborn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Acutatum
''Fusarium acutatum'' is a fungus species of the genus ''Fusarium''. ''Fusarium acutatum'' can cause gangrenous necrosis on the feet from diabetic patients. ''Fusarium acutatum'' produces fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin B3 The fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins derived from ''Fusarium'' and their Liseola section. They have strong structural similarity to sphinganine, the backbone precursor of sphingolipids. More specifically, it can refer to: * Fumonisin B1 * Fum ... and 8-O-Methyl-fusarubin. References Further reading * * acaciae-mearnsii Fungi described in 1998 {{hypocreales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Pathology
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungus, fungi, oomycetes, bacterium, bacteria, plant virus, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other Plant defense against herbivory, pests that affect plant health by eating Plant tissue, plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. Overview Control of plant diseases is crucial to the reliable production of food, and it provides significant problems in agricultural use of land, wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Crookwellense
''Fusarium crookwellense'' (syn. ''Fusarium cerealis'') is a species of fungus in the family Nectriaceae. It is known as a plant pathogen that infects agricultural crops. The fungus was first described in 1982 after it was found infecting potatoes in Australia.Sugiura, Y., et al. (1993)''Fusarium poae'' and ''Fusarium crookwellense'', fungi responsible for the natural occurrence of nivalenol in Hokkaido.''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'' 59(10) 3334-8. It causes plant diseases such as corn ear rot and wheat head blight. It has also been found on hops causing a necrotic blight on the cones. Like other species in genus ''Fusarium'', this fungus produces mycotoxins. It is a source of nivalenol, 4-acetylnivalenol, and zearalenone Zearalenone (ZEN), also known as RAL and F-2 mycotoxin, is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some ''Fusarium'' and ''Gibberella'' species. Specifically, the ''Gibberella zeae ,'' the fungal species where zearalenone was initially detected, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Acaciae-mearnsii
''Fusarium acaciae-mearnsii'' is a fungus species of the genus ''Fusarium'' which produces zearalenone and zearalenol Zearalenol may refer to: * α-Zearalenol * β-Zearalenol See also * Zearalanol * Zearalenone Zearalenone (ZEN), also known as RAL and F-2 mycotoxin, is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some ''Fusarium'' and ''Gibberella'' species. Sp .... References Further reading * acaciae-mearnsii Fungi described in 2004 {{hypocreales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Acaciae
''Fusarium acaciae'' is an anamorph fungus species of the genus ''Fusarium ''Fusarium'' is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil mi ...''. References acaciae Fungi described in 1891 {{hypocreales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Avenaceum
''Gibberella avenacea'' is a fungal plant pathogen Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomyc .... References External links USDA ARS Fungal Database avenacea Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Fungi described in 1967 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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