|
Follari
The follis (plural ''folles''; it, follaro, ar, فلس, Fels) was a type of coin in the Roman and Byzantine traditions. Roman coin In the past, the term ''follis'' was used to describe a large bronze Roman coin introduced in about 294 (the actual name of this coin is unknown) at the time of the coinage reform of Diocletian. It weighed about 10 grams and was about 4% silver, mostly as a thin layer on the surface. However, later studies have shown that this is wrong, and that this coin may have been known as a "nummus". The word ''follis'' means bag (usually made of leather) in Latin, and there is evidence that this term was used in antiquity for a sealed bag containing a specific amount of coinage. It has also been suggested that the coin was named Follis because of the ancient Greek word "φολίς" meaning a thin layer of metal (''cf.'' Latin '' folium'', "leaf") which covers the surface of various objects, since originally, this coin had a thin layer of silver on to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trifollaro
The ''trifollaro'' or ''trifollaris'' was a copper coin minted in southern Italy under the Normans. It was worth 120 ''nummi'' or 3 ''folles''. The name ''trifollaro'', used by scholars, was coined by the Italian numismatist Rodolfo Spahr. Contemporary sources do not use the name. Spahr interpreted the phrase ''tres follares aereos romesinam unam appretiatos'' ("three new copper ''follares'' should be taken as one '' romesina''") in Falco of Benevento's discussion of the currency reform of 1140 as a reference to a new denomination of coin. Count Roger I of Sicily (reigned 1071–1101) minted both ''folles'' and ''trifollari'' at Mileto. The latter are on average about three times as heavy as the former (10.6 to 3.4 grams). While the ''folles'' have a large Tau cross on them, the ''trifollari'' have an image of an armed equestrian figure. Philip Grierson argues that it is likely an image of the count made from life, since it has no identifiable model or parallel in contemporary art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Follis From Trier Of Diocletian
A, or a, is the first Letter (alphabet), letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is English alphabet#Letter names, ''a'' (pronounced ), plural English alphabet#Letter names, ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Greek alphabet#History, Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The Letter case, uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the double-storey a and single-storey ɑ. The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type. In English grammar, "English articles, a", and its variant "English articles#Indefinite article, an", are Article (grammar)#Indefinite article, indefinite arti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Numeral
Greek numerals, also known as Ionic, Ionian, Milesian, or Alexandrian numerals, are a system of writing numbers using the letters of the Greek alphabet. In modern Greece, they are still used for ordinal numbers and in contexts similar to those in which Roman numerals are still used in the Western world. For ordinary cardinal numbers, however, modern Greece uses Arabic numerals. History The Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations' Linear A and Linear B alphabets used a different system, called Aegean numerals, which included number-only symbols for powers of ten: = 1, = 10, = 100, = 1000, and = 10000. Attic numerals comprised another system that came into use perhaps in the 7th century BCE. They were acrophonic, derived (after the initial one) from the first letters of the names of the numbers represented. They ran = 1, = 5, = 10, = 100, = 1,000, and = 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coins Of Ancient Rome
A coin is a small, flat (usually depending on the country or value), round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by a government. Coins often have images, numerals, or text on them. ''Obverse'' and its opposite, ''reverse'', refer to the two flat faces of coins and medals. In this usage, ''obverse'' means the front face of the object and ''reverse'' means the back face. The obverse of a coin is commonly called ''heads'', because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse ''tails''. Coins are usually made of metal or an alloy, or sometimes of man-made materials. They are usually disc shaped. Coins, made of valuable metal, are stored in large quantities as bullion coins. Other coins are used as money in everyday transactions, circulating alongside banknotes. Usually the highest value ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fils (currency)
The fils (Arabic: فلس) is a subdivision of currency used in some Arab countries, such as Iraq and Bahrain. The term is a modern retranscription of ''fals'', an early medieval Arab coin. "Fils" is the singular form in Arabic, not plural (as its final consonant might indicate to an English speaker). The plural form of fils is ''fulūs'' (فلوس); the latter term can also refer to small amounts of money or to money in general in Egyptian and Iraqi and many other varieties of Arabic. * 1 Bahraini dinar = 1000 fulūs (or 1 fils = Bahraini dinar) * 1 Emirati dirham = 100 fulus * 1 Iraqi dinar = 1000 fulūs * 1 Jordanian dinar = 1000 fulūs * 1 Kuwaiti dinar = 1000 fulūs * 1 Yemeni rial = 100 fulūs Indian rupees * Falus The falus was a bronze/copper currency of Morocco. Minted between 1672–1901, denominations of , , 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 falus are recorded in the Standard Catalogue. Identification They are typically denominated by size rather than by inscrip ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falus
The falus was a bronze/copper currency of Morocco. Minted between 1672–1901, denominations of , , 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 falus are recorded in the Standard Catalogue. Identification They are typically denominated by size rather than by inscription, and can be difficult to identify precisely. Depreciation From 1862, the falus was allowed to float, while the exchange rate for the silver dirham was fixed: this resulted in currency speculation and depreciation, with effectively two parallel currencies. References See also * Fils (currency) The fils (Arabic: فلس) is a subdivision of currency used in some Arab countries, such as Iraq and Bahrain. The term is a modern retranscription of ''fals'', an early medieval Arab coin. "Fils" is the singular form in Arabic, not plural (as its ... Economic history of Morocco Currencies of Africa Numismatics Coins of Morocco 17th-century establishments in Morocco 20th-century disestablishments in Morocco Currencies of Morocco [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fals
The fals ( ar, فلس, fals, plural ''fulus'') was a medieval copper coin first produced by the Umayyad caliphate (661–750) beginning in the late 7th century. The name of the coin is derived from the ''follis'', a Roman and later Byzantine copper coin. The fals usually featured ornate Arabic script on both sides. Various copper fals were produced until the 19th century. Their weight varied, from one gram to ten grams or more. The term is still used in modern spoken Arabic for money, but pronounced 'fils'. It is also absorbed into Malay language through the word ''fulus'' . In popular culture * The Malay derivant ''fulus'' was used as basis for naming the fictional setting of Metrofulus in the 2006 Malaysian superhero film ''Cicakman''. See also Daughter currencies: *Fils, a subdivision of the dinar, dirham or rial *Falus The falus was a bronze/copper currency of Morocco. Minted between 1672–1901, denominations of , , 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 falus are recorded in the St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliphate
A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world ( ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517. Throughout the history of Islam, a few other Muslim states, almost all hereditary monarchies such as the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) and Ayyubid Caliphate, have claimed to be caliphates. The first caliphate, the Rashidun Caliphate, was establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 anno Hegirae, AH). The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Babylonian Empire, Babylonian capital city of Babylon. Baghdad became the center of Science in the medieval Islamic world, science, Islamic culture, culture and List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world, invention in what became known as the Islamic Golden Age, Golden Age of Islam. This, in addition to housing several ke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty ( ar, ٱلْأُمَوِيُّون, ''al-ʾUmawīyūn'', or , ''Banū ʾUmayyah'', "Sons of Umayya ibn Abd Shams, Umayyah"). Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), the third of the Rashidun caliphs, was also a member of the clan. The family established dynastic, hereditary rule with Mu'awiya I, Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria (region), Greater Syria, who became the sixth caliph after the end of the First Fitna in 661. After Mu'awiyah's death in 680, conflicts over the succession resulted in the Second Fitna, and power eventually fell into the hands of Marwan I from another branch of the clan. Greater Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, with Damascus serving as their capital. The Umayyads c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fals
The fals ( ar, فلس, fals, plural ''fulus'') was a medieval copper coin first produced by the Umayyad caliphate (661–750) beginning in the late 7th century. The name of the coin is derived from the ''follis'', a Roman and later Byzantine copper coin. The fals usually featured ornate Arabic script on both sides. Various copper fals were produced until the 19th century. Their weight varied, from one gram to ten grams or more. The term is still used in modern spoken Arabic for money, but pronounced 'fils'. It is also absorbed into Malay language through the word ''fulus'' . In popular culture * The Malay derivant ''fulus'' was used as basis for naming the fictional setting of Metrofulus in the 2006 Malaysian superhero film ''Cicakman''. See also Daughter currencies: *Fils, a subdivision of the dinar, dirham or rial *Falus The falus was a bronze/copper currency of Morocco. Minted between 1672–1901, denominations of , , 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 falus are recorded in the St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonian Denar
The denar ( mk, денар; paucal: denari / денари; Currency symbol, abbreviation: ден (Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet, Cyrillic) or DEN (Latin alphabet, Latin), ISO 4217, ISO code: MKD) is the currency of North Macedonia. Though subdivided into one hundred deni (), coins with a denomination of less than one denar have not been in use since 2013. History The first denar was established as a temporary currency on 26 April 1992 in the then-North Macedonia, Republic of Macedonia, replacing the 1990 version of the Yugoslav dinar at a 1:1 parity. In May 1993, the currency was reformed and a new denar was introduced, with one new denar being equal to 100 old denars. Etymology The name denar comes from the name of the Ancient Rome, ancient Roman monetary unit, the ''denarius''. The currency symbol, abbreviation is ден, the first three Macedonian alphabet, Cyrillic letters of its name. First denar (1992–1993) The first denar was a temporary currency introduced on 26 April 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Falus")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Abbasid")
