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Fluorosulfates
The fluorosulfates or fluorosulfonates are a set of salts of fluorosulfuric acid with an ion formula SO3F−. The fluorosulfate anion can be treated as though it were a hydrogen sulfate anion with hydroxyl substituted by fluorine. The fluorosulfate ion has a low propensity to form complexes with metal cations. Since fluorine is similar in size to oxygen, the fluorosulfate ion is roughly tetrahedral and forms salts similar to those of the perchlorate ion. It is isoelectronic with hydrogen sulfate, . When an organic group is substituted for the anions, organic fluorosulfonates are formed. In solution the fluorosulfate anion is completely ionised. The volume of the ions is 47.8 cm3/mol. Most metal ions, and quaternary ammonium ions, can form fluorosulfate salts. Different ways to make these salts include treating a metal chloride with anhydrous fluorosulfuric acid, which releases hydrogen chloride gas. Double decomposition methods utilising a metal sulfate with barium fluorosulfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluorosulfuric Acid
Fluorosulfuric acid (IUPAC name: sulfurofluoridic acid) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula HSO3F. It is one of the strongest acids commercially available. It is a tetrahedral molecule and is closely related to sulfuric acid, H2SO4, substituting a fluorine atom for one of the hydroxyl groups. It is a colourless liquid, although commercial samples are often yellow.Erhardt Tabel, Eberhard Zirngiebl, Joachim Maas "Fluorosulfuric Acid" in "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry" 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Chemical properties Fluorosulfuric acid is a free-flowing colorless liquid. It is soluble in polar organic solvents (e.g. nitrobenzene, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate), but poorly soluble in nonpolar solvents such as alkanes. Reflecting its strong acidity, it dissolves almost all organic compounds that are even weak proton acceptors. HSO3F hydrolyzes slowly to hydrogen fluoride (HF) and sulfuric acid. The related triflic acid Triflic acid, the short name for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic ion, polyatomic anion with the empirical formula . Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salt (chemistry), salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid. Spelling "Sulfate" is the spelling recommended by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, but "sulphate" was traditionally used in British English. Structure The sulfate anion consists of a central sulfur atom surrounded by four equivalent oxygen atoms in a tetrahedron, tetrahedral arrangement. The symmetry is the same as that of methane. The sulfur atom is in the +6 oxidation state while the four oxygen atoms are each in the −2 state. The sulfate ion carries an overall charge (physics), charge of −2 and it is the conjugate acid, conjugate base of the bisulfate (or hydrogensulfate) ion, , which is in turn the conjugate base of , sulfuric acid. Organic sulf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrahedral
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary convex polyhedra and the only one that has fewer than 5 faces. The tetrahedron is the three-dimensional case of the more general concept of a Euclidean simplex, and may thus also be called a 3-simplex. The tetrahedron is one kind of pyramid, which is a polyhedron with a flat polygon base and triangular faces connecting the base to a common point. In the case of a tetrahedron the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid". Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets. For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perchlorate
A perchlorate is a chemical compound containing the perchlorate ion, . The majority of perchlorates are commercially produced salts. They are mainly used as oxidizers for pyrotechnic devices and to control static electricity in food packaging. Perchlorate contamination in food, water, and other parts of the environment has been studied in the U.S. because of harmful effects on human health. Perchlorate ions are somewhat toxic to the thyroid gland. Most perchlorates are colorless solids that are soluble in water. Four perchlorates are of primary commercial interest: ammonium perchlorate , perchloric acid , potassium perchlorate and sodium perchlorate . Perchlorate is the anion resulting from the dissociation of perchloric acid and its salts upon their dissolution in water. Many perchlorate salts are soluble in non-aqueous solutions. Production Perchlorate salts are produced industrially by the oxidation of aqueous solutions of sodium chlorate by electrolysis. This method is used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoelectronic
Isoelectronicity is a phenomenon observed when two or more molecules have the same structure (positions and connectivities among atoms) and the same electronic configurations, but differ by what specific elements are at certain locations in the structure. For example, , , and are isoelectronic, while and = are not. This definition is sometimes termed ''valence isoelectronicity''. Definitions can sometimes be not as strict, sometimes requiring identity of the ''total'' electron count and with it the entire electronic configuration. More usually, definitions are broader, and may extend to allowing different numbers of atoms in the species being compared.A. A. Aradi & T. P. Fehlner, "Isoelectronic Organometallic Molecules", in F. G. A. Stone & Robert West (eds.) ''Advances in Organometallic Chemistry Vol. 30'' (1990), Chapter 5 (at p. 190google books link/ref> The importance of the concept lies in identifying significantly related species, as pairs or series. Isoelectronic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluorosulfonates
Fluorosulfonate, in organic chemistry, is a functional group that has the chemical formula F-SO2-R, and typically is a very good leaving group. In organic chemistry, fluorosulfonate is different than fluorosulfate. In fluorosulfonates, sulfur atom is directly bonded to a non-oxygen atom such as carbon. In inorganic chemistry, fluorosulfonate is another term for fluorosulfate, the anion F-SO2-O−, the conjugate base of fluorosulfonic acid. They form a series of salts with metal and organic cations called fluorosulfates. Organic (alkyl) fluorosulfonates are usually strong alkylation agents, similar to triflate esters (F3C-SO2-OR). But unlike the triflate group, the fluorosulfonate group is not stable against hydrolysis. Therefore, fluorosulfonate esters are less frequently used as alkylation agents than triflate esters. See also * Fluorosulfite Fluorosulfite is an ion with the formula SO2F−. The term is also used for compounds or salts containing this group. Fluorosulfite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weakly Coordinating Anion
Anions that interact weakly with cations are termed non-coordinating anions, although a more accurate term is weakly coordinating anion. Non-coordinating anions are useful in studying the reactivity of electrophilic cations. They are commonly found as counterions for cationic metal complexes with an 18-Electron rule, unsaturated coordination sphere. These special anions are essential components of Homogeneous catalysis, homogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalyst, alkene polymerisation catalysts, where the active catalyst is a coordinatively unsaturated, cationic transition metal complex. For example, they are employed as counterions for the electron counting, 14 valence electron cations [(C5H5)2ZrR]+ (R = methyl or a growing polyethylene chain). Complexes derived from non-coordinating anions have been used to catalyze hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, oligomerization, and the living polymerization of alkenes. The popularization of non-coordinating anions has contributed to increased underst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate
Tetrakis ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylorate is an anion with chemical formula 4B.html" ;"title="sub>4B">sub>4Bsup>−, which is commonly abbreviated as ArF4sup>−, indicating the presence of fluorinated aryl (ArF) groups. It is sometimes referred to as ''Kobayashi's anion'' in honour of Hiroshi Kobayashi who led the team that first synthesised it. More commonly it is affectionately nicknamed "BARF." The BARF ion is also abbreviated BArF24−, to distinguish it from the closely related , C6F5)4Bsup>−. BARF has a tetrahedral geometry around the central boron atom but each of the four surrounding aryl groups is aromatic and planar. The motivation for its preparation was the search for an anion that coordinates more weakly than the then-available ions hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, or perchlorate. Salts of this anion are known as solids and in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. BARF can be used in catalytic systems where the active site requires an anion which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfate Fluorides
The sulfate fluorides are double salts that contain both sulfate and fluoride anions. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds Mixed anion compounds, heteroanionic materials or mixed anion materials are chemical compounds containing cations and more than one kind of anion. The compounds contain a single phase, rather than just a mixture. Use in materials science By havin .... Some of these minerals are deposited in fumaroles. Fluoride sulfates were first discovered by Jean Charles de Marignac in 1859. Some elements such as cobalt or uranium can form complexes that contain fluoride and sulfate groups, and would be referred to as fluoro and sulfato metallates. List Minerals Artificial References {{Sulfates Sulfates Fluorides Double salts Mixed anion compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reederite-(Y)
Reederite-(Y) is a rare mineral with the formula . It is the only known mineral with fluorosulfate ( fluorosulfonate). "REE" in the formula stands for rare earth elements other than yttrium, that is mostly cerium, with traces of neodymium, dysprosium, lanthanum and erbium. The formula also includes a Levinson suffix "-(Y)" pointing to the dominance of yttrium at the corresponding site. Reederite-(Y) crystallizes in the hexagonal In geometry, a hexagon (from Greek , , meaning "six", and , , meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon. The total of the internal angles of any simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°. Regular hexagon A '' regular hexagon'' has ... crystal system with the space group ''P'', rarely seen among minerals.Grice, J.D., Gault, R.A., and Chao, G.Y., 1995. Reederite-(Y), a new sodium rare-earth carbonate mineral with a unique fluorosulfate anion. American Mineralogist 80, 1059-1064 References Carbonate minerals Sodium minerals Yttrium miner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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