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Flat Bark Beetle
The Cucujidae, "flat bark beetles," are a family (biology), family of distinctively flat beetles found worldwide (except Africa and Antarctica) under the bark of dead trees. The family has received considerable taxonomic attention in recent years and now consists of 70 species distributed in five genera. It was indicated Cucujus species are scavengers, only feeding on pupae and larvae of other insects and on other subcortical beetles such as their own. Since the Cucujidae prey on larvae of potentially tree damaging beetles that spread fungal diseases, they are considered to be beneficial to the health of living trees. Included genera are: ''Cucujus'' Fabricius, with 14 species and subspecies distributed throughout the Holarctic; ''Palaestes'' Perty, 8 spp., Neotropical; ''Pediacus'' Shuckard, 31 spp., mostly Holarctic, but extending south into the Neotropics and to Australia; ''Platisus'' Erichson, 5 spp. in Australia and New Zealand, and ''Thesaurus'' known from South America. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre André Latreille
Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom after recognising a rare beetle species he found in the prison, ''Necrobia ruficollis''. He published his first important work in 1796 (), and was eventually employed by the . His foresighted work on arthropod systematics and taxonomy gained him respect and accolades, including being asked to write the volume on arthropods for George Cuvier's monumental work, , the only part not by Cuvier himself. Latreille was considered the foremost entomologist of his time, and was described by one of his pupils as "the prince of entomologists". Biography Early life Pierre André Latreille was born on 29 November 1762 in the town of Brive, then in the province of Limousin, as the illegitimate child of Jean Joseph Sahuguet d'Amarzit, général ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pediacus SubglaberMontage
''Pediacus'' is the largest genus in the family Cucujidae of flat bark beetles. It contains 31 currently recognized species.Michael C. Thomas. 2004. A revision of ''Pediacus'' Shuckard (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) for America north of Mexico, with notes on other species. Insecta Mundi 17: 157-177 (2003). ''Pediacus'' adults are relatively small (2.7-7.0mm), flattened brownish beetles with no or very small temples, and short antennae with a distinct club. Male genitalia are inverted and possess a short flagellum. The genus is Holarctic in distribution, but extends south as far as Guatemala in the Western Hemisphere, generally at high altitudes, and into Australia in the Eastern Hemisphere. Adults and larvae are found under dead bark; frequently that of conifers in North America. They are thought to be predaceous. Most of the world fauna of ''Pediacus'' has been revised recently and the genus is relatively well-known taxonomically. Included species are: In addition to the extant spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upis Ceramboides
''Upis ceramboides'' is a species of beetle, one of many wood-living insects that benefit from forest fires. It often occurs in quantities below the bark on the fire-damaged birches, but can sometimes be seen on other deciduous trees such as willow and aspen. The larvae thrive in the inner bark which is rich in mycelia, and in the sapwood. They develop into pupae during the summer months under the bark, and they develop over two or three years. The following spring they reproduce themselves. It has over the years have disappeared from southern Sweden and is now only locally in the Norrland coast (Västerbotten and Norrbotten) as well as Canada and Alaska. The reason for the species' decline is probably the lack of fire-damaged forests and birch, and the modern forestry practices. ''Upis ceramboides'' is considered "vulnerable" in terms of species survival. In Vindeln municipality it is called ', because it occurs indoors when burning firewood in winter. The species' survival at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylomannan
Xylomannan is an antifreeze molecule, found in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle ''Upis ceramboides''. Unlike antifreeze proteins, xylomannan is not a protein. Instead, it is a combination of a sugar (saccharide) and a fatty acid that is found in cell membranes. As such is expected to work in a different manner than AFPs. It is believed to work by incorporating itself directly into the cell membrane and preventing the freezing of water molecules within the cell. Xylomannan is also found in the red seaweed '' Nothogenia fastigiata'' ( Scinaiaceae family). Fraction F6 of a sulphated xylomannan from ''Nothogenia fastigiata'' was found to inhibit replication of a variety of viruses, including Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV, HHV-5), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Junin and Tacaribe virus, Simian immunodeficiency virus, and (weakly) Human immunodeficiency virus The human immunodeficiency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypedilum Vanderplanki
''Polypedilum vanderplanki'' or the sleeping chironomid, is a dipteran in the family Chironomidae (non-biting midges). It occurs in the semi-arid regions of the African continent (e.g. northern Nigeria and Uganda). Its larvae are found in small tubular nests in the mud at the bottom of temporary pools that frequently dry out during the lifetime of ''P. vanderplanki'' larvae. Under these conditions, the larvae's body desiccates to as low as 3% water content by weight. In the dehydrated state the larvae become impervious to many extreme environmental conditions, and can survive temperatures from 3 K to up to 375 K, very high (7000 gray) levels of gamma-rays, and exposure to vacuum. It is one of few metazoans that can withstand near complete desiccation (anhydrobiosis) in order to survive adverse environmental conditions. Slow desiccation (0.22 ml per day) enabled larvae to synthesize 38 μg trehalose/individual, and all of them recovered after rehydration, whereas larvae that were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desiccation
Desiccation () is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying. A desiccant is a hygroscopic (attracts and holds water) substance that induces or sustains such a state in its local vicinity in a moderately sealed container. Industry Desiccation is widely employed in the oil and gas industry. These materials are obtained in a hydrated state, but the water content leads to corrosion or is incompatible with downstream processing. Removal of water is achieved by cryogenic condensation, absorption into glycols, and absorption onto desiccants such as silica gel. Laboratory A desiccator is a heavy glass or plastic container, now somewhat antiquated, used in practical chemistry for drying or keeping small amounts of materials very dry. The material is placed on a shelf, and a drying agent or ''desiccant'', such as dry silica gel or anhydrous sodium hydroxide, is placed below the shelf. Often some sort of humidity indicator is included in the desiccator to show, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cucujus Clavipes
''Cucujus clavipes'' is known as the flat bark beetle.Carrasco, M. A., S. A. Buechler, R. J. Arnold, T. Sformo, B. M. Barnes, and J. G. Duman. 2011. Elucidating the biochemical overwintering adaptations of larval ''Cucujus clavipes puniceus'', a nonmodel organism, via high throughput proteomics. Journal of Proteome Research 10:4634–4646Bland, R. G. and H. E., Jaques. 2010. Family Cucujidae- flat bark beetles. Page 177-183, 213. How to know the insects. Waveland Press Inc., Long Grove, Illinois, USA It is found throughout North America.Lee, J., and M. C. Thomas. 2011. Clarification of the taxonomic status of ''Cucujus clavipes''. With descriptions of the larvae of ''C. c. clavipes'' and ''C. c. puniceus'' (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Florida Entomologist 94:145-150 These are generally found near tree lineBennett, V. A., T. Sformo, K. Walters, O. Toien, K. Jeannet, R. Hochstrasser, Q. Pan, A. S. Serianni, B. M. Barnes and J. G. Duman. 2005. Comparative overwintering physiology of Alas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "dawn") and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope Carbon-13, 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope Carbon-12, 12C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the ''Grande Coupure'' (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Popigai impact structure, Siberia and in what is now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crato Formation
The Crato Formation is a geologic formation of Early Cretaceous ( Aptian) age in northeastern Brazil's Araripe Basin. It is an important Lagerstätte (undisturbed fossil accumulation) for palaeontologists. The strata were laid down mostly during the Aptian age, about 113 million years ago. It thought to have been deposited in a semi-arid lacustrine wetland environment.Ribeiro et al., 2021 The Crato Formation earns the designation of Lagerstätte due to an exceedingly well preserved and diverse fossil faunal assemblage. Some 25 species of fossil fishes are often found with stomach contents preserved, enabling paleontologists to study predator-prey relationships in this ecosystem. There are also fine examples of pterosaurs, reptiles and amphibians, invertebrates (particularly insects), and plants. Even dinosaurs are represented: a new maniraptor was described in 1996. The unusual taphonomy of the site resulted in limestone accretions that formed nodules around dead organisms, pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenebrionoidea
The Tenebrionoidea are a very large and diverse superfamily of beetles. It generally corresponds to the Heteromera of earlier authors. Taxonomy Tenebrionoidea contains the following families: * Aderidae Winkler 1927 (ant-like leaf beetles) * Anthicidae Latreille 1819 (ant-like flower beetles) *† Apotomouridae Bao et al. 2018 * Archeocrypticidae Kaszab 1964 * Boridae C. G. Thomson 1859 * Chalcodryidae Watt 1974 * Ciidae Leach 1819 (minute tree-fungus beetles) (= Cisidae) * Melandryidae Leach 1815 (false darkling beetles) * Meloidae Gyllenhal 1810 (blister beetles) * Mordellidae Latreille 1802 ( tumbling flower beetles) * Mycetophagidae Leach 1815 ( hairy fungus beetles) * Mycteridae Blanchard 1845 * Oedemeridae Latreille 1810 ( false blister beetles) * Promecheilidae Lacordaire, 1859 * Prostomidae C. G. Thomson 1859 * Pterogeniidae Crowson 1953 * Pyrochroidae Latreille 1807 ( fire-colored beetles, etc.) * Pythidae Solier 1834 * Ripiphoridae Gemminger and Harold 1870 ( wedg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passandridae
Passandridae, the "parasitic flat bark beetles," are a family of beetles notable for being one of the very few beetle families with larvae that are, as far as known, exclusively ectoparasitic on the immature stages of other beetles and Hymenoptera. Adults are small to moderate sized beetles, 3-35mm, with heavily sclerotized bodies that are either dorso-ventrally compressed (genera occurring under bark) or subcylindrical in cross section (genera inhabiting wood-borer tunnels). Adults are generally brown or black, rarely with a color pattern, with prominent mandibles, confluent gular sutures, thick, moniliform antennae (antenna with equally sized spherical segments that looks like a string of beads), unequal tibial spurs on the front legs, and generally a characteristic system of grooves and/or carina on the dorsal surface.Thomas, M.C. 2002. Family 81. Passandridae Erichson 1845. Pp. 327-328 In: Arnett, R. H., Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank (editors). 2002. America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silvanidae
Silvanidae, "silvan flat bark beetles", is a family of beetles in the superfamily Cucujoidea,Thomas, M. C., and R.A. B. Leschen. 2010. Silvanidae Kirby, 1837. p. 346-350. In: Leschen, R.A.B., R.G. Beutel, and J.F. Lawrence. Coleoptera, Beetles. Vol. 2: Morphology and Systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia partim). Handbook of Zoology. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin. consisting of 68 described genera and about 500 described species. The family is represented on all continents except Antarctica, and is most diverse at both the generic and species levels in the Old World tropics. Description Silvanids generally are small, brownish, flattened, pubescent and densely punctured beetles ranging from 1.2-15mm in length, and mostly with a 5-5-5 tarsal formula. They have short, strongly clubbed, to very elongate antennae, and frequently grooves or carinae on the head and/or pronotum. Many genera have the lateral margins of the pronotum dentate or denticulate. The family is divided ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
