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Fixed Service
In telecommunications, a fixed service (or fixed radiocommunication service) is a radiocommunication service between specified fixed points. Classification The ITU Radio Regulations (article 1) classify variations of this radiocommunication service as follows: *Fixed-satellite service (article 1.21); Fixed station (article 1.66) *Inter-satellite service (article 1.22) *Earth exploration-satellite service (article 1.51) ** Meteorological-satellite service (article 1.52) Examples In line with national regulations there are numerous radio applications in accordance with ITU RR article 1.20 on fixed services. These include: * Radio relay * Troposcatter radiocommunication * Embassy radiocommunication, between fixed point * Fixed wireless Fixed wireless is the operation of wireless communication devices or systems used to connect two fixed locations (e.g., building to building or tower to building) with a radio or other wireless link, such as laser bridge. Usually, fixed wir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiocommunication Service
Radio communication service or radiocommunication service is according to Article 1.19 of the International Telecommunication Union's Radio Regulations (ITU RR),ITU Radio Regulations, Section III – Radio services, Article 1.19, definition: Radiocommunication service defined as “a service…involving the transmission, emission and/or reception of radio waves for specific telecommunication purposes”. Radiocommunication Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmit ... is sub-divided into space and terrestrial radiocommunication. Space radiocommunication is defined in RR Article 1 as “any radiocommunication involving the use of one or more space stations or the use of one or more reflecting satellites or other objects in space”. Terrestrial radiocommunication is defined ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ITU Radio Regulations
The ITU Radio Regulations (short: RR) is a basic document of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that regulates on law of nations scale radiocommunication services and the utilisation of radio frequencies. It is the supplementation to the ITU Constitution and Convention and in line with the ITU International Telecommunication Regulations (ITR). The ITU RR comprise and regulate the part of the allocated electromagnetic spectrum (also: radio frequency spectrum) from 9 kHz to 275 GHz. Structure The current approved version of the ITU Radio Regulations (addition 2012) is structured as follows: Volume 1 – Articles * CHAPTER I – Terminology and technical characteristics **Section I – General terms (article 1.1-1.15) **Section II – Specific terms related to frequency management (article 1.16-1.18) **Section III – Radiocommunication services (article 1.19-1.60) **Section IV – Radio stations and systems (article 1.61-1.115) **Section V – Operationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fixed-satellite Service
Fixed-satellite service (short: FSS | also: fixed-satellite radiocommunication service) is – according to ''article 1.21'' of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as ''A radiocommunication service between earth stations at given positions, when one or more satellites are used; the given position may be a specified fixed point or any fixed point within specified areas; in some cases this service includes satellite-to-satellite links, which may also be operated in the inter-satellite service; the fixed-satellite service may also include feeder links for other space radiocommunication services.'' Classification This ''radiocommunication service'' is classified in accordance with ''ITU Radio Regulations'' (article 1) as follows: Fixed service (article 1.20) * (article 1.21) *Inter-satellite service (article 1.22) *Earth exploration-satellite service (article 1.51) ** Meteorological-satellite service (article 1.52) ; Frequency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fixed Station
Fixed station (also. fixed radio station) is a station in the fixed service.ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.66, definition: ''fixed station / fixed radio station'' Each ''station'' is classified by the ''service'' in which it operates permanently or temporarily. Gallery Richtfunkantennen.jpg, Directional (beam) aerials, of radio relay stations. Radio Relay Station Former USAF microwave relay station ACE-High system at Lefkada, Greece, photo 6.JPG, Aerials of the ACE High troposcatter station, Lefkada Lefkada ( el, Λευκάδα, ''Lefkáda'', ), also known as Lefkas or Leukas ( Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Λευκάς, ''Leukás'', modern pronunciation ''Lefkás'') and Leucadia, is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea on the west coast of G .... Shortwave Berlin.jpg, HF aerial on roof of the Chinese embassy, Berlin. References / sources International Telecommunication Union (ITU){{Radio station ITU Radio stations and sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inter-satellite Service
Inter-satellite service (also: inter-satellite radiocommunication service) is – according to ''Article 1.22'' of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR)ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.22, definition: ''inter-satellite service / inter-satellite radiocommunication service'' – defined as ''«A radiocommunication service providing links between artificial satellites.'' Classification In accordance with ''ITU Radio Regulations'' (article 1) variations of this ''radiocommunication service'' are classified as follows: * Fixed service (article 1.20) ** Fixed-satellite service (article 1.21) ** (article 1.22) ** Earth exploration-satellite service (article 1.51) *** Meteorological-satellite service (article 1.52) Satellites Inter-satellite radiocommunications satellites * U.S. Tracking and Data Relay Satellite * Artemis (satellite) * European Data Relay System * Indian Data Relay Satellite System * Luc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earth Exploration-satellite Service
An Earth observation satellite or Earth remote sensing satellite is a satellite used or designed for Earth observation (EO) from orbit, including spy satellites and similar ones intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, cartography and others. The most common type are Earth imaging satellites, that take satellite images, analogous to aerial photographs; some EO satellites may perform remote sensing without forming pictures, such as in GNSS radio occultation. The first occurrence of satellite remote sensing can be dated to the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Sputnik 1 sent back radio signals, which scientists used to study the ionosphere. The United States Army Ballistic Missile Agency launched the first American satellite, Explorer 1, for NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory on January 31, 1958. The information sent back from its radiation detector led to the discovery of the Earth's V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Relay Station Former USAF Microwave Relay Station ACE-High System At Lefkada, Greece, Photo 6
Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connected to an antenna which radiates the waves, and received by another antenna connected to a radio receiver. Radio is very widely used in modern technology, in radio communication, radar, radio navigation, remote control, remote sensing, and other applications. In radio communication, used in radio and television broadcasting, cell phones, two-way radios, wireless networking, and satellite communication, among numerous other uses, radio waves are used to carry information across space from a transmitter to a receiver, by modulating the radio signal (impressing an information signal on the radio wave by varying some aspect of the wave) in the transmitter. In radar, used to locate and track objects like aircraft, ships, spacecraft an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shortwave Berlin
Shortwave radio is radio transmission using shortwave (SW) radio frequencies. There is no official definition of the band, but the range always includes all of the High frequency, high frequency band (HF), which extends from 3 to 30 MHz (100 to 10 metres); above the Medium frequency, medium frequency band (MF), to the bottom of the Very high frequency, VHF band. Radio waves in the shortwave band can be reflected or refracted from a layer of electrically charged atoms in the atmosphere called the ionosphere. Therefore, short waves directed at an angle into the sky can be reflected back to Earth at great distances, beyond the horizon. This is called skywave or "skip" radio propagation, propagation. Thus shortwave radio can be used for communication over very long distances, in contrast to radio waves of higher frequency, which travel in straight lines (line-of-sight propagation) and are limited by the visual horizon, about 64 km (40 miles). Shortwave broadcasts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Relay
Radio stations that cannot communicate directly due to distance, terrain or other difficulties sometimes use an intermediate radio relay station to relay the signals. A radio relay receives weak signals and retransmits them, often in a different direction, as a stronger signal. Examples include airborne radio relay, microwave radio relay, and communications satellite. The American Radio Relay League was founded for this purpose but did not change its name when this became a less important part of its work. See also *Repeater *Transponder *Broadcast relay station A broadcast relay station, also known as a satellite station, relay transmitter, broadcast translator (U.S.), re-broadcaster (Canada), repeater ( two-way radio) or complementary station (Mexico), is a broadcast transmitter which repeats (or tr ... Radio communications {{radio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troposcatter
Tropospheric scatter, also known as troposcatter, is a method of communicating with microwave radio signals over considerable distances – often up to and further depending on frequency of operation, equipment type, terrain, and climate factors. This method of propagation uses the tropospheric scatter phenomenon, where radio waves at Ultra high frequency, UHF and Super high frequency, SHF Frequency, frequencies are randomly scattered as they pass through the upper layers of the troposphere. Radio signals are transmitted in a narrow beam aimed just above the horizon in the direction of the receiver station. As the signals pass through the troposphere, some of the energy is scattered back toward the Earth, allowing the receiver station to pick up the signal. Normally, signals in the microwave frequency range travel in straight lines, and so are limited to ''Line-of-sight propagation, line-of-sight'' applications, in which the receiver can be 'seen' by the transmitter. Communicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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