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False Documents
A false document is a technique by which an author aims to increase verisimilitude in a work of fiction by inventing and inserting or mentioning documents that appear to be factual. The goal of a false document is to convince an audience that what is being presented is factual. In politics A forged document, the Zinoviev Letter, helped bring the downfall of the first Labour Government in Britain. Conspiracies within secret intelligence services have occurred more recently, leading Harold Wilson to put in place rules to prevent in the 1960s phone tapping of members of Parliament, for example. ''The Protocols of the Elders of Zion'', purporting to describe a Jewish plan for global domination, was first published in Russia in 1903, translated into multiple languages, and disseminated internationally in the early part of the 20th century. In art Artist JSG Boggs's life and work have been extensively explored by author and journalist Lawrence Weschler. Boggs drew currency with e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verisimilitude
In philosophy, verisimilitude (or truthlikeness) is the notion that some propositions are closer to being true than other propositions. The problem of verisimilitude is the problem of articulating what it takes for one false theory to be closer to the truth than another false theory. This problem was central to the philosophy of Karl Popper, largely because Popper was among the first to affirm that truth is the aim of scientific inquiry while acknowledging that most of the greatest scientific theories in the history of science are, strictly speaking, false. If this long string of purportedly false theories is to constitute progress with respect to the goal of truth, then it must be at least possible for one false theory to be closer to the truth than others. Karl Popper Popper assumed that scientists are interested in highly informative theories, in part for methodological reasons—the more informative a theory, the easier it is to test, and the greater its predicti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frame Tale
A frame is often a structural system that supports other components of a physical construction and/or steel frame that limits the construction's extent. Frame and FRAME may also refer to: Physical objects In building construction * Framing (construction), a building term known as light frame construction *Framer, a carpenter who assembles major structural elements in constructing a building *A-frame, a basic structure designed to bear a load in a lightweight economical manner **A-frame house, a house following the same principle *Door frame or window frame, fixed structures to which the hinges of doors or windows are attached * Frame and panel, a method of woodworking * Space frame, a method of construction using lightweight or light materials *Timber framing, a method of building for creating framed structures of heavy timber or willow wood In vehicles * Frame (aircraft), structural rings in an aircraft fuselage * Frame (nautical), the skeleton of a boat *Bicycle frame, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Found Footage (film Technique) , an American film festival and live comedy event
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Found Footage or found footage may refer to: * Found footage (appropriation), the use in a film of footage previously made for another purpose ** Collage film, a film assembled entirely from found footage * Found footage (film technique), a style of film fiction which simulates the use of found footage * '' Found Footage 3D'', an American found footage horror film * Found Footage Festival The Found Footage Festival is an American film festival and live comedy event and featuring unusual and humorous found footage clips and films. History Founded in 2004, the Festival originated in Wisconsin and Minnesota by Joe Pickett, Nick Pru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fictitious Entry
Fictitious or fake entries are deliberately incorrect entries in reference works such as dictionaries, encyclopedias (including Wikipedia), maps, and directories. There are more specific terms for particular kinds of fictitious entry, such as Mountweazel, trap street, paper town, phantom settlement, and nihilartikel. Fictitious entries are added by the editors as a copyright trap to reveal subsequent plagiarism or copyright infringement. Terminology The neologism ''Mountweazel'' was coined by ''The New Yorker'' writer Henry Alford in an article that mentioned a fictitious biographical entry intentionally placed as a copyright trap in the 1975 '' New Columbia Encyclopedia''.Henry Alford"Not a Word" ''The New Yorker'' August 29, 2005 (accessed August 29, 2013). The entry described fountain designer turned photographer, Lillian Virginia Mountweazel, who died in an explosion while on assignment for ''Combustibles'' magazine. Allegedly, she is widely known for her photo-essays of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fictional Book
A fictional book is a text created specifically for a work in an imaginary narrative that is referred to, depicted, or excerpted in a story, book, film, or other fictional work, and which exists only in one or more fictional works. A fictional book may be created to add realism or depth to a larger fictional work. For example, George Orwell's novel ''Nineteen Eighty-Four'' has excerpts from a book by Emmanuel Goldstein entitled ''The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism'' which provides background on concepts explored in the novel (both the named author (Goldstein) and the text on collectivism are made up by Orwell). A fictional book may provide the basis of the plot of a story, a common thread in a series of books or other works, or the works of a particular writer or canon of work. An example of a fictional book that is part of the plot of another work (in addition to ''Nineteen Eighty-Four'') is Philip K. Dick's ''The Man in the High Castle'', in which resis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
False Documentation
False documentation is the process of creating documents which record fictitious events. The documents can then be used to "prove" that the fictional events happened. A common propaganda tool, false documentation is often used by management groups and totalitarian governments for four basic reasons: # to have a basis for accusations against groups or individuals who oppose those in authority, # to invoke hatred against certain racial, ethnic or religious groups (appeal to bigotry), # To support the actions of those in power (appeal to patriotism), and # To cover the mistakes of those in power ( deniability). Perhaps the best illustration of false documentation is Nazi Germany, where the authorities falsified documents for all four reasons. There are three basic methods for falsifying documentation. One way, of course, is to create an entirely fictional event and write it down. The other is to misrepresent an actual incident by embellishment or exaggeration so that the blame fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epistolary Novel
An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of letters. The term is often extended to cover novels that intersperse documents of other kinds with the letters, most commonly diary entries and newspaper clippings, and sometimes considered to include novels composed of documents even if they don't include letters at all. More recently, epistolaries may include electronic documents such as recordings and radio, blog posts, and e-mails. The word ''epistolary'' is derived from Latin from the Greek word ἐπιστολή ''epistolē'', meaning a letter (see epistle). In German, this type of novel is known as a Briefroman. The epistolary form can add greater realism to a story, because it mimics the workings of real life. It is thus able to demonstrate differing points of view without recourse to the device of an omniscient narrator. An important strategic device in the epistolary novel for creating the impression of authenticity of the letters is the fictional editor. Early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donation Of Constantine
The ''Donation of Constantine'' ( ) is a forged Roman imperial decree by which the 4th-century emperor Constantine the Great supposedly transferred authority over Rome and the western part of the Roman Empire to the Pope. Composed probably in the 8th century, it was used, especially in the 13th century, in support of claims of political authority by the papacy.Vauchez, Andre (2001)''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages'' Routledge. p. 445. . In many of the existing manuscripts (handwritten copies of the document), including the oldest one, the document bears the title ''Constitutum domini Constantini imperatoris''. The ''Donation of Constantine'' was included in the 9th-century collection '' Pseudo-Isidorean Decretals''. Lorenzo Valla, an Italian Catholic priest and Renaissance humanist, is credited with first exposing the forgery with solid philological arguments in 1439–1440, although the document's authenticity had been repeatedly contested since 1001. Content The t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Racial Program For The Twentieth Century
''A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century'' (occasionally ''A Radical Program for the Twentieth Century'') was a hoax that first gained public notoriety on June 7, 1957, during a debate on the Civil Rights Act of 1957, when Rep. Thomas Abernethy of Mississippi read a reputed quotation from it into the ''Congressional Record'': We must realize that our party's most powerful weapon is racial tensions. By propounding into the consciousness of the dark races that for centuries they have been oppressed by whites, we can mold them to the program of the Communist Party. In America we will aim for subtle victory. While inflaming the Negro minority against the whites, we will endeavor to instill in the whites a guilt complex for their exploitation of the Negroes. We will aid the Negroes to rise in prominence in every walk of life, in the professions and in the world of sports and entertainment. With this prestige, the Negro will be able to intermarry with the whites and begin a proces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternate Reality Game
An alternate reality game (ARG) is an interactive networked narrative that uses the real world as a platform and employs transmedia storytelling to deliver a story that may be altered by players' ideas or actions. The form is defined by intense player involvement with a story that takes place in real time and evolves according to players' responses. It is shaped by characters that are actively controlled by the game's designers, as opposed to being controlled by an AI as in a computer or console video game. Players interact directly with characters in the game, solve plot-based challenges and puzzles, and collaborate as a community to analyze the story and coordinate real-life and online activities. ARGs generally use multimedia, such as telephones and mail, but rely on the Internet as the central binding medium. ARGs tend to be free to play, with costs absorbed either through supporting products (e.g., collectible puzzle cards fund Perplex City) or through promotional relati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dossiers Secrets
The ''Dossiers Secrets d'Henri Lobineau'' ("Secret Files of Henri Lobineau"), supposedly compiled by Philippe Toscan du Plantier, is a 27-page document which was deposited in the Bibliothèque nationale de France on 27 April 1967. The document purports to represent a part of the history of the Priory of Sion, and is widely considered to be a forgery created by Pierre Plantard and Philippe de Chérisey. Thirteen of the 27 pages of the document are taken from another document attributed to "Henri Lobineau" dating from 1964, also thought to have been authored by Plantard, called ''Généalogie des Rois Mérovingiens'' ("Genealogy of the Merovingian Kings"). This document contains genealogy diagrams which apparently show Plantard to be a descendant of the Merovingian king Dagobert II.Jarnac, Pierre (1994). ''Les Mystères de Rennes-le-Château: Mèlange Sulfureux''. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Templières. Contents ''Dossiers Secrets d'Henri Lobineau'' comprises the following mater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
