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Formation Control
Consensus dynamics, also known as agreement dynamics, is an area of research at the intersection of systems theory and graph theory. It studies how a group of agents—such as robots, sensors, or decision-makers—interacting over a network can reach a common decision or estimate through local rules and information exchange. This is known as the consensus problem in multi-agent systems, where the goal is to ensure that all agents eventually agree on a certain quantity, despite starting with potentially different initial values. Consensus dynamics has applications in areas such as physiological systems, gene regulatory networks, large-scale energy systems, and coordinated control of autonomous vehicle fleets on land, in the air, or in space. The behavior of these systems is typically modeled using an unforced dynamical system governed by the network's interconnection topology and the agents' initial conditions. The consensus protocol, or agreement protocol, defines the rules of inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systems Theory
Systems theory is the Transdisciplinarity, transdisciplinary study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial. Every system has causal boundaries, is influenced by its context, defined by its structure, function and role, and expressed through its relations with other systems. A system is "more than the sum of its parts" when it expresses synergy or emergent behavior. Changing one component of a system may affect other components or the whole system. It may be possible to predict these changes in patterns of behavior. For systems that learn and adapt, the growth and the degree of adaptation depend upon how well the system is engaged with its environment and other contexts influencing its organization. Some systems support other systems, maintaining the other system to prevent failure. The goals of systems theory are to model a system's dynamics, Theory of constraints, constraints, conditions, and relations; and to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
"cooperative Control"
Consensus dynamics, also known as agreement dynamics, is an area of research at the intersection of systems theory and graph theory. It studies how a group of agents—such as robots, sensors, or decision-makers—interacting over a network can reach a common decision or estimate through local rules and information exchange. This is known as the consensus problem in multi-agent systems, where the goal is to ensure that all agents eventually agree on a certain quantity, despite starting with potentially different initial values. Consensus dynamics has applications in areas such as physiological systems, gene regulatory networks, large-scale energy systems, and coordinated control of autonomous vehicle fleets on land, in the air, or in space. The behavior of these systems is typically modeled using an unforced dynamical system governed by the network's interconnection topology and the agents' initial conditions. The consensus protocol, or agreement protocol, defines the rules of inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Game Theory
Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions. It has applications in many fields of social science, and is used extensively in economics, logic, systems science and computer science. Initially, game theory addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which a participant's gains or losses are exactly balanced by the losses and gains of the other participant. In the 1950s, it was extended to the study of non zero-sum games, and was eventually applied to a wide range of Human behavior, behavioral relations. It is now an umbrella term for the science of rational Decision-making, decision making in humans, animals, and computers. Modern game theory began with the idea of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumann's original proof used the Brouwer fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graph Theory
In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of ''graph (discrete mathematics), graphs'', which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of ''Vertex (graph theory), vertices'' (also called ''nodes'' or ''points'') which are connected by ''Glossary of graph theory terms#edge, edges'' (also called ''arcs'', ''links'' or ''lines''). A distinction is made between undirected graphs, where edges link two vertices symmetrically, and directed graphs, where edges link two vertices asymmetrically. Graphs are one of the principal objects of study in discrete mathematics. Definitions Definitions in graph theory vary. The following are some of the more basic ways of defining graphs and related mathematical structures. Graph In one restricted but very common sense of the term, a graph is an ordered pair G=(V,E) comprising: * V, a Set (mathematics), set of vertices (also called nodes or points); * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Control Theory
Control theory is a field of control engineering and applied mathematics that deals with the control system, control of dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines. The objective is to develop a model or algorithm governing the application of system inputs to drive the system to a desired state, while minimizing any ''delay'', ''overshoot'', or ''steady-state error'' and ensuring a level of control Stability theory, stability; often with the aim to achieve a degree of Optimal control, optimality. To do this, a controller with the requisite corrective behavior is required. This controller monitors the controlled process variable (PV), and compares it with the reference or Setpoint (control system), set point (SP). The difference between actual and desired value of the process variable, called the ''error'' signal, or SP-PV error, is applied as feedback to generate a control action to bring the controlled process variable to the same value as the set point. Other aspects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Theory
In mathematics, computer science, and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory. It defines networks as Graph (discrete mathematics), graphs where the vertices or edges possess attributes. Network theory analyses these networks over the symmetric relations or directed graph, asymmetric relations between their (discrete) components. Network theory has applications in many disciplines, including statistical physics, particle physics, computer science, electrical engineering, biology, archaeology, linguistics, economics, finance, operations research, climatology, ecology, public health, sociology, psychology, and neuroscience. Applications of network theory include Logistics, logistical networks, the World Wide Web, Internet, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, epistemological networks, etc.; see List of network theory topics for more examples. Euler's solution of the Seven Bridges of Königsberg, Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem is c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-agent Systems
A multi-agent system (MAS or "self-organized system") is a computerized system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents.H. Pan; M. Zahmatkesh; F. Rekabi-Bana; F. Arvin; J. HuT-STAR: Time-Optimal Swarm Trajectory Planning for Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2025. Multi-agent systems can solve problems that are difficult or impossible for an individual agent or a monolithic system to solve.Hu, J.; Turgut, A.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F.,Robust Formation Coordination of Robot Swarms with Nonlinear Dynamics and Unknown Disturbances: Design and Experiments IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2021. Intelligence may include methodic, functional, procedural approaches, algorithmic search or reinforcement learning. With advancements in large language models (LLMs), LLM-based multi-agent systems have emerged as a new area of research, enabling more sophisticated interactions and coordination among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consensus (computer Science)
A fundamental problem in distributed computing and multi-agent systems is to achieve overall system reliability in the presence of a number of faulty processes. This often requires coordinating processes to reach consensus, or agree on some data value that is needed during computation. Example applications of consensus include agreeing on what transactions to commit to a database in which order, state machine replication, and atomic broadcasts. Real-world applications often requiring consensus include cloud computing, clock synchronization, PageRank, opinion formation, smart power grids, state estimation, control of UAVs (and multiple robots/agents in general), load balancing, blockchain, and others. Problem description The consensus problem requires agreement among a number of processes (or agents) on a single data value. Some of the processes (agents) may fail or be unreliable in other ways, so consensus protocols must be fault-tolerant or resilient. The processes must p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distributed Constraint Reasoning
Distributed constraint optimization (DCOP or DisCOP) is the distributed analogue to constraint optimization. A DCOP is a problem in which a group of agents must distributedly choose values for a set of variables such that the cost of a set of constraints over the variables is minimized. Distributed Constraint Satisfaction is a framework for describing a problem in terms of constraints that are known and enforced by distinct participants (agents). The constraints are described on some variables with predefined domains, and have to be assigned to the same values by the different agents. Problems defined with this framework can be solved by any of the algorithms that are designed for it. The framework was used under different names in the 1980s. The first known usage with the current name is in 1990. Definitions DCOP The main ingredients of a DCOP problem are ''agents'' and ''variables''. Importantly, each variable is owned by an agent; this is what makes the problem distributed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formation Control
Consensus dynamics, also known as agreement dynamics, is an area of research at the intersection of systems theory and graph theory. It studies how a group of agents—such as robots, sensors, or decision-makers—interacting over a network can reach a common decision or estimate through local rules and information exchange. This is known as the consensus problem in multi-agent systems, where the goal is to ensure that all agents eventually agree on a certain quantity, despite starting with potentially different initial values. Consensus dynamics has applications in areas such as physiological systems, gene regulatory networks, large-scale energy systems, and coordinated control of autonomous vehicle fleets on land, in the air, or in space. The behavior of these systems is typically modeled using an unforced dynamical system governed by the network's interconnection topology and the agents' initial conditions. The consensus protocol, or agreement protocol, defines the rules of inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graph Theory
In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of ''graph (discrete mathematics), graphs'', which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of ''Vertex (graph theory), vertices'' (also called ''nodes'' or ''points'') which are connected by ''Glossary of graph theory terms#edge, edges'' (also called ''arcs'', ''links'' or ''lines''). A distinction is made between undirected graphs, where edges link two vertices symmetrically, and directed graphs, where edges link two vertices asymmetrically. Graphs are one of the principal objects of study in discrete mathematics. Definitions Definitions in graph theory vary. The following are some of the more basic ways of defining graphs and related mathematical structures. Graph In one restricted but very common sense of the term, a graph is an ordered pair G=(V,E) comprising: * V, a Set (mathematics), set of vertices (also called nodes or points); * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flocking (behavior)
Flocking is the behavior exhibited when a group of birds, called a flock, are foraging or in flight. Sheep and goats also exhibit flocking behavior. Flocking by birds and mammals is similar to schooling in fish and these are often studied together. Flocking is generally believed to arise from the need for cover and protection from predators in animal behavior. This is an emergent behaviour governed by local rules that are followed by individuals and does not involve any central coordination. In nature There are parallels with the shoaling behaviour of fish, the swarming behaviour of insects, and herd behaviour of land animals. During the winter months, starlings are known for aggregating into huge flocks of hundreds to thousands of individuals, murmurations, which when they take flight altogether, render large displays of intriguing swirling patterns in the skies above observers. Measurement Measurements of bird flocking have been made using high-speed cameras, and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
