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Feedwater
Boiler feedwater is an essential part of boiler operations. The feed water is put into the steam drum from a feed pump. In the steam drum the feed water is then turned into steam from the heat. After the steam is used it is then dumped to the main condenser. From the condenser it is then pumped to the deaerated feed tank. From this tank it then goes back to the steam drum to complete its cycle. The feed water is never open to the atmosphere. This cycle is known as a closed system or Rankine cycle. History of feedwater treatment During the early development of boilers, water treatment was not so much of an issue, as temperatures and pressures were so low that high amounts of scale and rust would not form to such a significant extent, especially if the boiler was “ blown down”. It was general practice to install zinc plates and/or alkaline chemicals to reduce corrosion within the boiler. Many tests had been performed to determine the cause (and possible protection) from corrosi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deaerator
A deaerator is a device that removes oxygen and other dissolved gases from liquids and pumpable compounds. History Before 1881, feed water heaters were used for marine applications. Two sister ships Olympic and Titanic (1912) had contact feed heaters on board. In 1934 the US Navy purchased an atomizing deaerator. Before 1867, deaerators were used as part of the ice manufacturing purification process. In 1899, George M Kleucker received a patent for an improved method of deaerating water. During the 1920 the feedwater headers and deaerators designs improved. Stickle, Cochrane, and Permutit are three of the oldest Deaerator manufacturers in the USA. In 1929, a court case between Elliott Company (no longer in business) and H.S.B.W. Cochrane Corporation allowed both business to continue manufacturing deaerators. Deaerators continue to be used today for many applications. Types * The ''thermal deaerators'' ** The ''spray & tray-type'' (also called the ''cascade-type'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deaerator
A deaerator is a device that removes oxygen and other dissolved gases from liquids and pumpable compounds. History Before 1881, feed water heaters were used for marine applications. Two sister ships Olympic and Titanic (1912) had contact feed heaters on board. In 1934 the US Navy purchased an atomizing deaerator. Before 1867, deaerators were used as part of the ice manufacturing purification process. In 1899, George M Kleucker received a patent for an improved method of deaerating water. During the 1920 the feedwater headers and deaerators designs improved. Stickle, Cochrane, and Permutit are three of the oldest Deaerator manufacturers in the USA. In 1929, a court case between Elliott Company (no longer in business) and H.S.B.W. Cochrane Corporation allowed both business to continue manufacturing deaerators. Deaerators continue to be used today for many applications. Types * The ''thermal deaerators'' ** The ''spray & tray-type'' (also called the ''cascade-type'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boiler Scale 3
A boiler is a closed pressure vessel, vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boiling, boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, including Boiler (water heating), water heating, central heating, boiler (power generation), boiler-based power generation, cooking, and sanitation. Heat sources In a fossil fuel power plant using a steam cycle for power generation, the primary heat source will be combustion of Pulverized coal-fired boiler, coal, oil, or natural gas. In some cases byproduct fuel such as the carbon monoxide rich offgasses of a coke battery can be burned to heat a boiler; biofuels such as bagasse, where economically available, can also be used. In a nuclear power plant, boilers called Steam generator (nuclear power), steam generators are heated by the heat produced by nuclear fission. Where a large volume of hot gas is available from some process, a heat recovery ste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boiler
A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, including water heating, central heating, boiler-based power generation, cooking, and sanitation. Heat sources In a fossil fuel power plant using a steam cycle for power generation, the primary heat source will be combustion of coal, oil, or natural gas. In some cases byproduct fuel such as the carbon monoxide rich offgasses of a coke battery can be burned to heat a boiler; biofuels such as bagasse, where economically available, can also be used. In a nuclear power plant, boilers called steam generators are heated by the heat produced by nuclear fission. Where a large volume of hot gas is available from some process, a heat recovery steam generator or recovery boiler can use the heat to produce steam, with little or no extra fuel consumed; such a configuration is common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boiler Scale
Boilers for generating steam or hot water have been designed in countless shapes, sizes and configurations. An extensive terminology has evolved to describe their common features. This glossary provides definitions for these terms. Terms which relate solely to boilers used for space heating or generating hot water are identified by (HVAC). A-B ; : A container beneath the furnace, catching ash and clinker that falls through the firebars. This may be made of brickwork for a stationary boiler, or steel sheet for a locomotive. Ashpans are often the location of the damper. They may also be shaped into hoppers, for easy cleaning during disposal. ; Blastpipe: Part of the exhaust system that discharges exhaust steam from the cylinders into the smokebox beneath the chimney in order to increase the draught through the fire. ; Blow-down: Periodic venting of water from the boiler. This water contains the most concentrated precursors for sludge build-up, so by venting it whilst still ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rankine Cycle
The Rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle describing the process by which certain heat engines, such as steam turbines or reciprocating steam engines, allow mechanical work to be extracted from a fluid as it moves between a heat source and heat sink. The Rankine cycle is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath professor at Glasgow University. Heat energy is supplied to the system via a boiler where the working fluid (typically water) is converted to a high pressure gaseous state (steam) in order to turn a turbine. After passing over the turbine the fluid is allowed to condense back into a liquid state as waste heat energy is rejected before being returned to boiler, completing the cycle. Friction losses throughout the system are often neglected for the purpose of simplifying calculations as such losses are usually much less significant than thermodynamic losses, especially in larger systems. Description The Rankine cycle closely describes the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Make-up Water
Boiler water is liquid water within a boiler, or in associated piping, pumps and other equipment, that is intended for evaporation into steam. The term may also be applied to raw water intended for use in boilers, treated boiler feedwater, steam condensate being returned to a boiler, or boiler blowdown being removed from a boiler. Early practice Impurities in water will leave solid deposits as steam evaporates. These solid deposits thermally insulate heat exchange surfaces initially decreasing the rate of steam generation, and potentially causing boiler metals to reach failure temperatures. Boiler explosions were not uncommon until surviving boiler operators learned how to periodically clean their boilers. Some solids could be removed by cooling the boiler so differential thermal expansion caused brittle crystalline solids to crack and flake off metal boiler surfaces. Other solids were removed by acid washing or mechanical scouring. Various rates of boiler blowdown coul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boiler Water
Boiler water is liquid water within a boiler, or in associated piping, pumps and other equipment, that is intended for evaporation into steam. The term may also be applied to raw water intended for use in boilers, treated boiler feedwater, steam condensate being returned to a boiler, or boiler blowdown being removed from a boiler. Early practice Impurities in water will leave solid deposits as steam evaporates. These solid deposits thermally insulate heat exchange surfaces initially decreasing the rate of steam generation, and potentially causing boiler metals to reach failure temperatures. Boiler explosions were not uncommon until surviving boiler operators learned how to periodically clean their boilers. Some solids could be removed by cooling the boiler so differential thermal expansion caused brittle crystalline solids to crack and flake off metal boiler surfaces. Other solids were removed by acid washing or mechanical scouring. Various rates of boiler blowdown c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boiler Blowdown
Boiler blowdown is water intentionally wasted from a boiler to avoid concentration of impurities during continuing evaporation of steam. The water is blown out of the boiler with some force by steam pressure within the boiler. Bottom blowdown used with early boilers caused abrupt downward adjustment of boiler water level and was customarily expelled downward to avoid the safety hazard of showering hot water on nearby individuals. Background A steam boiler evaporates liquid water to form steam, or gaseous water, and requires frequent replenishment of boiler feedwater for the continuous production of steam required by most boiler applications. Water is a capable solvent, and will dissolve small amounts of solids from piping and containers including the boiler. Continuing evaporation of steam concentrates dissolved impurities until they reach levels potentially damaging to steam production within the boiler. Without blowdown, impurities would reach saturation levels and begin to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boiler Blowdown
Boiler blowdown is water intentionally wasted from a boiler to avoid concentration of impurities during continuing evaporation of steam. The water is blown out of the boiler with some force by steam pressure within the boiler. Bottom blowdown used with early boilers caused abrupt downward adjustment of boiler water level and was customarily expelled downward to avoid the safety hazard of showering hot water on nearby individuals. Background A steam boiler evaporates liquid water to form steam, or gaseous water, and requires frequent replenishment of boiler feedwater for the continuous production of steam required by most boiler applications. Water is a capable solvent, and will dissolve small amounts of solids from piping and containers including the boiler. Continuing evaporation of steam concentrates dissolved impurities until they reach levels potentially damaging to steam production within the boiler. Without blowdown, impurities would reach saturation levels and begin to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver Nitrate
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula . It is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called ''lunar caustic'' because silver was called ''luna'' by ancient alchemists who associated silver with the moon. In solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are three- coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement. Synthesis and structure Albertus Magnus, in the 13th century, documented the ability of nitric acid to separate gold and silver by dissolving the silver. Indeed silver nitrate can be prepared by dissolving silver in nitric acid followed by evaporation of the solution. The stoichiometry of the reaction depends upon the concentration of nitric acid used. :3 Ag + 4 HNO3 (cold and diluted) → 3 AgNO3 + 2 H2O + NO :Ag + 2 HNO3 (hot and concentrated) → AgNO3 + H2O + NO2 The structure of silver nitrate has been examined by X-ray crystallography sever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steam Drum
A steam drum is a standard feature of a water-tube boiler. It is a reservoir of water/steam at the top end of the water tubes. The drum stores the steam generated in the water tubes and acts as a phase- separator for the steam/water mixture. The difference in densities between hot and cold water helps in the accumulation of the "hotter"-water/and saturated-steam into the steam-drum. History Initially the boilers were designed with 4 drums and 3 drums like the Stirling boiler. The single drum at the bottom and three drums on the top were connected through a network of tubes which were welded to the drums above and the single drum below. The rational demand of steam in terms of capacity, pressure and temperature resulted in bi drums and single drum boilers. Working The separated steam is drawn out from the top section of the drum and distributed for process. Further heating of the saturated steam will make superheated steam normally used to drive a steam turbine. Saturated ste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
