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Fall Of The Sassanids
The Muslim conquest of Persia, also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, was carried out by the Rashidun Caliphate from 633 to 654 AD and led to the fall of the Sasanian Empire as well as the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion. The rise of the Muslims in Arabia coincided with an unprecedented political, social, economic, and military weakness in Persia. Once a major world power, the Sasanian Empire had exhausted its human and material resources after decades of warfare against the Byzantine Empire. The Sasanian state's internal political situation quickly deteriorated after the execution of King Khosrow II in 628. Subsequently, ten new claimants were enthroned within the next four years.The Muslim Conquest of Persia By A.I. Akram. Ch: 1 Following the Sasanian civil war of 628–632, the empire was no longer centralized. Arab Muslims first attacked Sasanian territory in 633, when Khalid ibn al-Walid invaded Mesopotamia (then known as the Sasanian province of ''Asōri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Muslim Conquests
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests ( ar, الْفُتُوحَاتُ الإسْلَامِيَّة, ), also referred to as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the main Islamic prophet. He established a new unified polity in Arabia that expanded rapidly under the Rashidun Caliphate and the Umayyad Caliphate, culminating in Islamic rule being established across three continents. According to Scottish historian James Buchan: "In speed and extent, the first Arab conquests were matched only by those of Alexander the Great, and they were more lasting." At their height, the territory that was conquered stretched from Iberia (at the Pyrenees) in the west to India (at Sind) in the east; Muslim rule spanned Sicily, most of North Africa and the Middle East, and the Caucasus and Central Asia. English historian Edward Gibbon writes in ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'': Among other drastic changes, the early Musl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Empire Under The Heraclian Dynasty
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the dynasty of Heraclius between 610 and 711. The Heraclians presided over a period of cataclysmic events that were a watershed in the history of the Empire and the world. Heraclius, the founder of his dynasty, was of Armenian origin. At the beginning of the dynasty, the Empire's culture was still essentially Ancient Roman, dominating the Mediterranean and harbouring a prosperous Late Antique urban civilization. This world was shattered by successive invasions, which resulted in extensive territorial losses, financial collapse and plagues that depopulated the cities, while religious controversies and rebellions further weakened the Empire. By the dynasty's end, the Empire had evolved a different state structure: now known in historiography as medieval Byzantium, a chiefly agrarian, military-dominated society that was engaged in a lengthy struggle with the Muslim Caliphate. However, the Empire during this period was also far more ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammar Ibn Yasir
Abū 'l-Yaqẓān ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir ibn ʿĀmir ibn Mālik al-ʿAnsīy al-Maḏḥiǧī ( ar, أبو اليقظان عمار ابن ياسر ابن عامر ابن مالك العنسي المذحجي) also known as Abū 'l-Yaqẓān ʿAmmār ibn Sumayya () was one of the Muhajirun in the history of IslamAmmar Ibn Yasser' shrine is violated Islam Times, retrieved on 13 Apr 2014 and, for his dedicated devotion to Islam's cause, is considered to be one of the closest and most loyal companions of and to |
Abu Musa Ashaari
Abu Musa Abd Allah ibn Qays al-Ash'ari ( ar, أبو موسى عبد الله بن قيس الأشعري, Abū Mūsā ʿAbd Allāh ibn Qays al-Ashʿarī), better known as Abu Musa al-Ash'ari ( ar, أبو موسى الأشعري, Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī) (died c. 662 or 672) was a companion of Muhammad and an important figure in early Islamic history. He was at various times governor of Basra and Kufa and was involved in the early Muslim conquest of Persia. Life Abu Musa came originally from Zabid, in the region of Yemen, where his tribe, the Asha'ir, lived in the pre-Islamic period. He accepted Islam at Mecca prior to the ''hijra'' and returned to his native Yemen to propagate the faith. He lived in Habasha after some time until following the conquest of Khaybar in 628, when he came to Muhammad in Medina with more than fifty converts from Yemen, including his two brothers Abu Ruhm and Abu Burdah. Following the conquest of Mecca in 629, Abu Musa was named among those sent by Muha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amru Bin Ma'adi Yakrib
Amr ibn Ma'adi Yakrib al-Zubaīdi al-Madḥ'hijī ( ar, عمرو بن معد يكرب الزبيدي المذحجي) (died c. 642) was an Arabian calvary commander from the Zubaid clan in Yemen, part of the Madhhij tribe confederation. Amr has developed a mythical reputation as a legendary warrior in Arabia. He is said to have engaged in numerous battles against other legendary figures such as Amir ibn Tufail, Antarah ibn Shaddad and Dorayd bin Al Soma. Amr was also known as a leading figure in Arabic poetry. Werner Daum noted that Amr was the most famous and legendary of Arabian heroes. Amr converted to Islam at the time of Muhammad and became one of the two champions praised by the Rashidun caliphs as possessing the strength of 1,000 soldiers, the other champion being Tulayha. He participated in famous battles such as battle of the Yarmuk and the battle of al-Qadisiyyah, where it is reported that Amr was one of the fiercest Muslim warriors during the battle against the elepha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tulayha Ibn Khuwaylid Ibn Nawfal Al-Asadi
Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid ibn Nawfal al-Asadi ( ar, طليحة بن خويلد بن نوفل الأسدي) was a wealthy Arab clan chief and military commander during the time of Muhammad; he belonged to the Banu Asad ibn Khuzaymah tribe. In 625 he was defeated in the Expedition of Qatan, a Muslim expedition against him. He also took part in the Battle of the Trench in 627 against Muhammad and in Battle of Buzakha and Battle of Ghamra in 632 against Rashidun caliphate. He later submitted to the caliphate and later participated in the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah, Battle of Jalula, and the Battle of Nahavand on the Muslim side. He along with Amr ibn Ma'adi Yakrib were praised by Umar for their strength in battlefield and military wisdom during the Muslim conquest of Persia Biography He rebelled against Prophet Muhammad in 631 when he claimed to be a prophet and the recipient of divine revelation. Thus, Tulayha became the third person to claim prophethood among the Arabs against Muhammad. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Qa'qa' Ibn Amr Al-Tamimi
Al-Qaʿqāʿ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mālik al-Tamīmī ( ar, القعقاع بن عمرو بن مالك التميمي) was an Arab Muslim commander and general in the Rashidun army, he belonged to the tribe of Banu Tamim. He and his tribe converted to Islam possibly during the time of Ahnaf ibn Qais. He is known as a successful Military Commander who took part in two important victorious battles in early Muslim Conquest, the Battle of Yarmouk against the Byzantine Empire (commanded by Khalid ibn al-Walid) and the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah against the Sassanian Empire which was led by Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas. The Caliph Abu Bakr praised him as an equal to eleven thousand men so in return the caliph predecessor, caliph Umar only sent him and a handful bodyguards as reinforcement to Al-Qadissiyah as the first wave as reinforcement. making him one of the most Illustrious military figures in that era. Life Ridda wars Qa'qa ibn Amr At-tamimi converted along with his tribe, in the Year of the delegati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hashim Ibn Utbah
Hashim ibn Utba ibn Abi Waqqas ( ar, هاشم بن عتبة بن أبي وقاص, Hāshim ibn ʿUtba ibn Abī Waqqāṣ), was a Muslim army commander. He was Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas nephew through his father, and was a Companions of the Prophet Muhammad. Hāshim participated in the Ridda wars against the rebellious Arabic tribes following the death of Mohammad in order to return them to Islam. He fought the Byzantines in Battle of Yarmouk under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid. He played a vital role in the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah that led to the conquest of Al-Mada'in by Muslims. He died in Battle of Siffin fighting on the side of Ali. Biography Hashim ibn Utbah was born after Muhammad proclaimed his prophethood. Hashim embraced Islam during the Conquest of Mecca. During the outbreak of the Great apostate rebellions, Hashim participated against the rebellious Arabic tribes following the death of Mohammad in order to return them to Islam. Hashim participated in the Battle o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sa`d Ibn Abi Waqqas
, image = File:Saad ibn Abi Waqqas Masjid an-Nabawi Calligraphy.png , alt = , caption = His name in Arabic calligraphy , birth_date = , death_date = , birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia , death_place = Medina, Hejaz , placeofburial = Al-Baqi Cemetery, Medina , allegiance = Muhammad (610–632) Rashidun Caliphate (632–644) , branch = Rashidun army , serviceyears = 624–644 , rank = , unit = , commands = , battles = *Under Muhammad: **Battle of Badr (624) **Battle of Uhud (625) ** Battle of the Trench (627) ** Battle of Khaybar (629) **Battle of Hunayn (630) **Battle of Autas (630) **Ridda Wars *** Battle of Zhuqissa (632) *** Battle of Aqraba (633) **Muslim conquest of Persia ***Battle of al-Qadisiyyah (636) ***Battle of Burs (636) *** Battle of Babylon (636) *** Battle of Ctesiphon (637) ***Battle of Nahavand (642) , spouse = Salma bint KhasafahMakhita bint Amr , children ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Ubayd Al-Thaqafi
Abū 'Ubayd ibn Mas'ūd ibn 'Amr ibn 'Umayr ibn 'Awf ibn Uqda ibn Ghayra ibn Awf ibn Thaqif al-Thaqafiأسد الغابة، جـ6/ص 201 (also al-Thaqīfī) ( ar, أبو عبيد بن مسعود بن عمرو بن عمير بن عوف بن عقدة بن غيرة بن عوف بن ثقيف الثقفي), or simply Abu Ubayd (), was a commander in the of the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Muthanna Ibn Haritha
use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = , death_cause = , body_discovered = , resting_place = , resting_place_coordinates = , burial_place = , burial_coordinates = , monuments = , rank = General , battles = Battle of Babylon (634)Battle of NamaraqBattle of the Bridge Battle of Buwaib Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha al-Shaybani ( ar, المثنى بن حارثة الشيباني) was a Muslim Arab general in the army of the Rashidun Caliphate. Career Al-Muthanna was commander of the Muslim Arabs in al-Hira, from which they were conducting raids in the plains of Sasanian Mesopotamia. He asked Abu Bakr for reinforcements against the Sasanians, as they started fighting back. As Umar became caliph, he dispatched a force under Abu Ubayd al-Thaqafi, who took over command from al-Muthanna for the second time. In the upco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalid Ibn Al-Walid
Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (; died 642) was a 7th-century Arab military commander. He initially headed campaigns against Muhammad on behalf of the Quraysh. He later became a Muslim and spent the remainder of his career in service to Muhammad and the first two Rashidun successors: Abu Bakr and Umar. Following the establishment of the Rashidun Caliphate, Khalid held a senior command in the Rashidun army; he played the leading role in the Ridda Wars against rebel tribes in Arabia in 632–633, the initial campaigns in Sasanian Iraq in 633–634, and the conquest of Byzantine Syria in 634–638. As a horseman of the Quraysh's aristocratic Banu Makhzum, which ardently opposed Muhammad, Khalid played an instrumental role in defeating Muhammad and his followers during the Battle of Uhud in 625. In 627 or 629, he converted to Islam in the presence of Muhammad, who inducted him as an official military commander among the Muslims and gave him the title of (). Duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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