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Euglossine
The tribe (biology), tribe Euglossini, in the subfamily Apinae, commonly known as orchid bees or euglossine bees, are the only group of Pollen basket, corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess Eusociality, eusocial behavior. Description Most of the tribe's species are solitary, though a few are communal, or exhibit simple forms of eusociality. There are about 200 described species, distributed in five genera: ''Euglossa'', ''Eulaema'', ''Eufriesea'', ''Exaerete'' and the monotypic ''Aglae''. All exclusively occur in South or Central America (though one species, ''Euglossa dilemma'', has become established in the United States). The genera ''Exaerete'' and ''Aglae'' are Kleptoparasite, kleptoparasites in the nests of other orchid bees. All except ''Eulaema'' are characterized by brilliant metallic coloration, primarily green, gold, and blue. Females gather pollen and nectar as food from a variety of plants, and resins, mud and other materials for nest build ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eufriesea
''Eufriesea'' is a genus of euglossine bees. Like all orchid bees, they are restricted to the Neotropics. All species range from entirely to at least partially metallic (the face and/or tegulae), though much of the body in some species may be brown/black in color and hairy. Distribution ''Eufriesea'' is the most widely distributed genus of euglossines. Specimens have been found from Texas to central Argentina.Gonzalez VH, Griswold T, Simões M (2017) On the identity of the adventive species of ''Eufriesea'' Cockerell in the USA: systematics and potential distribution of the ''coerulescens'' species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55: 55-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.12209 ''E. purpurata'' At least one species in this genus, '' Eufriesea purpurata'' from Brazil, has been shown to deliberately collect large quantities of the insecticide DDT without any apparent adverse effects. Individual bees were observed to collect as much as 2 mg, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exaerete
''Exaerete'' is a genus of euglossine bees found from Mexico to northern Argentina. Like all orchid bees, they are restricted to the Neotropics. All but one species is metallic green, and they are cleptoparasites in the nests of other euglossines in the genera ''Eufriesea'' and ''Eulaema''. It contains the following species: * ''Exaerete azteca'' Moure, 1964 * ''Exaerete dentata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Exaerete fallaciosa'' Engel, 2018 * ''Exaerete frontalis'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1845) * ''Exaerete kimseyae'' Oliviera, 2011 * ''Exaerete lepeletieri'' Oliviera & Nemesio, 2003 * ''Exaerete salsai'' Nemesio, 2011 * ''Exaerete smaragdina'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1845) * ''Exaerete tricosa'' Engel & Bembé, 2020 * ''Exaerete trochanterica ''Exaerete'' is a genus of euglossine bees found from Mexico to northern Argentina. Like all orchid bees, they are restricted to the Neotropics. All but one species is metallic green, and they are cleptoparasites in the nests of other euglossin ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catasetinae
Catasetinae is a subtribe within the Orchidaceae and contains 8 genera.Batista, J.A.N., A.C.M. Mota, K. Proite, L.D.B. Bianchetti, G.A. Romero-González, H.M.H. Espinoza, and G.A. Salazar. 2014Molecular phylogenetics of Neotropical ''Cyanaeorchis'' (Cymbidieaee, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae): geographical rather than morphological similarities plus a new species.''Phytotaxa'', 156(5): 251-272. Its members are widespread in lowland tropical Central and South America up to 1,500 meters. They are found on trees, stumps or old fence posts. Catasetinae are exclusively pollinated by male euglossine bees, which are attracted to the floral fragrances, and collect them. A particular Catasetinae species may attract only one or a few species of bees from the dozens that occur in the habitat.Williams & Whitten 1983 Genera * ''Catasetum'' (80–120 species) * ''Clowesia'' (7 species) * '' Cyanaeorchis'' (3 species) * '' Cycnoches'' (some 30 species) * ''Dressleria ''Dressleria'' is a genu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aglae
''Aglae'' is a genus of euglossine bees, with the only described species ''Aglae caerulea''. Like all orchid bees, it is restricted to the Neotropics. They are metallic blue. This species, like the genus ''Exaerete'', is a nest parasite on free-living Euglossini. ''A. caerulea'' lays its eggs in the nests of ''Eulaema nigrita'', and possibly other '' Eulaema'' species. Among other substances, males of this species are attracted by methyl cinnamate baits. Name The Ancient Greek, ''Αγλαιη'' means "beauty". The original 1825 publication describing the species spelled the epithet as "''cœrulea''" (for "blue"), which nearly all subsequent authors misspelled as ''caerulea'' rather than ''coerulea'', but under Article 33.3.1 of the ICZN, the ''caerulea'' spelling must be maintained.ICZN Code "33.3.1. when an incorrect subsequent spelling is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eulaema
''Eulaema'' is a genus of large-bodied euglossine bees that occur primarily in the Neotropics. They are robust brown or black bees, hairy or velvety, and often striped with yellow or orange, typically resembling bumblebees. They lack metallic coloration as occurs in the related genus ''Eufriesea''. Distribution ''Eulaema'' is found from Rio Grande do Sul ( Brazil), Misiones (Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...) and Paraguay to northern Mexico with occasional strays into the United States. Species References {{Taxonbar, from=Q4038261 Bee genera Hymenoptera of North America Hymenoptera of South America Orchid pollinators ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanhopeinae
Stanhopeinae is a subtribe of plants in the tribe Cymbidieae. The subtribe in the strict sense, have viscidia and stipes that are thin and strap-like, they are adapted for attachment to edge of the bee's scutellum or to a leg. Pseudobulbs are usually ribbed/four-angled or flattened. Leaves are generally thicker than Coeliopsidinae. Roots are smooth, without prominent root hairs. The column foot is lacking or not distinct. Unpollinated flowers quickly abscise and fall from the inflorescence, unlike members of Coeliopsidinae which include '' Coeliopsis'', '' Lycomormium'', and '' Peristeria''. Stanhopeinae and Coeliopsidinae are now considered closely related sister subtribes. Within Stanhopeinae the members can be further grouped in six clades based on morphological traits and molecular analysis. *''Braemia'' Clade: '' Braemia'' *''Gongora'' Clade: ''Cirrhaea'' & ''Gongora'' *''Acineta'' Clade: ''Acineta'', '' Lacaena'', '' Lueddemannia'' & '' Vasqueziella'' *''Polycycnis'' Clade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dalechampia
''Dalechampia'' is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae and of the monogeneric subtribe Dalechampiinae. It is widespread across lowland tropical areas (generally below 2,000 m ASL) primarily in the Americas with smaller numbers of species in Africa, Madagascar, and southern Asia. Additional new species are still being described and several are very rare and at risk of extinction. ''Dalechampia'' has unisexual flowers that are secondarily united into bisexual blossoms (pseudanthia), which act as the pollination units. The pollination and floral evolution of this genus have been studied more intensively than perhaps any other member of the euphorbia family. In the neotropics (Americas), most species are pollinated by resin-collecting female bees, including euglossine bees and '' Hypanthidium'' of the Megachilidae, which use resin in nest construction. About a dozen neotropical species (including ''D. spathulata'', shown below) are pollinated by fragrance-collecting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euglossa Dilemma
''Euglossa dilemma'', the green orchid bee or dilemma orchid bee, is a species of solitary euglossine bee native to a broad area of Central America, and recently introduced to Florida in the United States. It was first detected in Broward County, Florida in 2003, and initially identified as '' Euglossa viridissima'', but further study revealed that ''E. viridissima'' as previously defined consisted of two cryptic species, and the one present in Florida was new to science. Taxonomy ''Euglossa viridissima'' is a species of green orchid bee from Central America in which the males have two teeth on their mandibles. The very similar bee that was first observed in Florida in 2003 was found to have three such teeth. Sequencing data from a mitochondrial gene was unable to separate ''E. viridissima'' and ''E. dilemma'', indicating they are closely related and form a clade within ''Euglossa''. However, microsatellite allele frequencies varied between the two groups. Males of these bees st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euglossa
''Euglossa'' is a genus of orchid bees (Euglossini). Like all their close relatives, they are native to the Neotropics; an introduced population exists in Florida. They are typically bright metallic blue, green, coppery, or golden. '' Euglossa intersecta'' (formerly known as ''E. brullei'') is morphologically and chromatically atypical for the genus, and resembles the related ''Eufriesea'' in a number of characters including coloration. Distribution ''Euglossa'' occurs naturally from Mexico to Paraguay, northern Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ..., western Brazil, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago, but one species ('' E. dilemma'') has recently been introduced to Florida in the United States Species References Further reading * * Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollinarium
A pollinium (plural pollinia) is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant that are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit. This is regularly seen in plants such as orchids and many species of milkweeds (Asclepiadoideae). Usage of the term differs: in some orchids two masses of pollen are well attached to one another, but in other orchids there are two halves (with two separate viscidia) each of which is sometimes referred to as a pollinium. Most orchids have waxy pollinia. These are connected to one or two elongate stipes, which in turn are attached to a sticky viscidium, a disc-shaped structure that sticks to a visiting insect. Some orchid genera have mealy pollinia. These are tapering into a caudicle (stalk), attached to the viscidium. They extend into the middle section of the column. The pollinarium is a collective term that means either (1) the complete set of pollinia from all the anthers of a flower, as in Asclepiadoideae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants. Etymology The family name is based on the genus '' Gesneria'', which honours Swiss naturalist and humanist Conrad Gessner. Description Most species are herbaceous perennials or subshrubs but a few are woody shrubs or small trees. The phyllotaxy is usually opposite and decussate, but leaves have a spiral or alternate arrangement in some groups. As with other members of the Lamiales the flowers have a (usually) zygomorphic corolla whose petals are fused into a tube and there is no one character that separates a gesneriad from any other member of Lamiales. Gesneriads differ from related famili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanaceae
The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many—including tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell and chili peppers—are used as food. The family belongs to the order Solanales, in the asterid group and class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons). The Solanaceae consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology. The name Solanaceae derives from the genus '' Solanum''. The etymology of the Latin word is unclear. The name may come from a perceived resemblance of certain solanaceous flowers to the sun and its rays. At least one species of ''Solanum'' is known as the "sunberry". Alternatively, the name could originate from the Latin verb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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