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Eight-wheel Drive
Eight-wheel drive, often notated as 8WD or 8×8, is a drivetrain configuration that allows all eight wheels of an eight-wheeled vehicle to be drive wheels (that is, to receive power from the engine) simultaneously. Unlike four-wheel drive drivetrains, the configuration is largely confined to heavy-duty off-road and military vehicles, such as all-terrain vehicles, armored vehicles, and prime movers. Other types of smaller 8x8 vehicles include such things as the Argocat. Operation When such a vehicle only has eight wheels by definition all are driven. When it has twelve – with two pairs of ganged "dual" wheels on each rear axle – all are also driven but the 8×8 designation remains. Very occasionally, on the Sterling T26 for example, the two front axles can be fitted with ganged "dual" wheels. For most military applications where traction/mobility are considered more important than payload capability, single wheels on each axle (often referred to as super singles) are the no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chassis Of An Experimental 8x8 Vehicle, With Four Front Wheel Steering
A chassis (, ; plural ''chassis'' from French châssis ) is the load-bearing framework of an artificial object, which structurally supports the object in its construction and function. An example of a chassis is a vehicle frame, the underpart of a motor vehicle, on which the body is mounted; if the running gear such as wheels and transmission, and sometimes even the driver's seat, are included, then the assembly is described as a rolling chassis. Examples of use Vehicles In the case of vehicles, the term ''rolling chassis'' means the frame plus the "running gear" like engine, transmission, drive shaft, differential and suspension. An underbody (sometimes referred to as "coachwork"), which is usually not necessary for integrity of the structure, is built on the chassis to complete the vehicle. For commercial vehicles, a rolling chassis consists of an assembly of all the essential parts of a truck without the body to be ready for operation on the road. A car chassis will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logging
Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars. Logging is the beginning of a supply chain that provides raw material for many products societies worldwide use for housing, construction, energy, and consumer paper products. Logging systems are also used to manage forests, reduce the risk of wildfires, and restore ecosystem functions, though their efficiency for these purposes has been challenged. In forestry, the term logging is sometimes used narrowly to describe the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the forest, usually a sawmill or a lumber yard. In common usage, however, the term may cover a range of forestry or silviculture activities. Illegal logging refers to the harvesting, transportation, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of laws. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Driveline Windup
Driveline windup is also known as "axle binding" or "driveline binding". Mechanical components in the drivetrain of vehicles may bind and wear, which may occur when tires of varying sizes are used on one vehicle. It is a particular issue in 4WD cars with tires having varied tread patterns or brands. Despite marked size, different brands often differ in actual size. Even if both front and rear are the same brand, and marked with the same size they may still differ in actual size. A pull to the right or left when driving or braking could trigger windup caused by mismatched tire tread/sizes. H-drive Heavy off-road vehicles using 6×6 or 8×8 may use a H-drive drivetrain. These are particularly prone to driveline windup. H-drives do not use axles but rather individual wheel stations, carried on a punt or backbone chassis. A single differential splits the drive into separate left and right drive shafts, which each run fore and aft inside the bottom corners of the chassis. At ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four-wheel Drive
Four-wheel drive, also called 4×4 ("four by four") or 4WD, refers to a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously. It may be full-time or on-demand, and is typically linked via a transfer case providing an additional output drive shaft and, in many instances, additional gear ranges. A four-wheel drive vehicle with torque supplied to both axles is described as "all-wheel drive" (AWD). However, "four-wheel drive" typically refers to a set of specific components and functions, and intended off-road application, which generally complies with modern use of the terminology. Definitions Four-wheel-drive systems were developed in many different markets and used in many different vehicle platforms. There is no universally accepted set of terminology that describes the various architectures and functions. The terms used by various manufacturers often reflect marketing rather than engineering considerations or significant technical diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Six-wheel Drive
Six-wheel drive (6WD or 6×6) is an all-wheel drive drivetrain configuration of three axles with at least two wheels on each axle capable of being driven simultaneously by the vehicle's engine. Unlike four-wheel drive drivetrains, the configuration is largely confined to heavy-duty off-road and military vehicles, such as all-terrain vehicles, armored vehicles, and prime movers. When such a vehicle only has six wheels by definition all are driven. When it has ten – with two pairs of ganged "dual" wheels on each rear axle as on a GMC CCKW – all are also driven but the 6×6 designation remains. For most military applications where traction/mobility are considered more important than payload capability, single wheels on each axle (often referred to as super singles) are the norm. Heavy hauler and ballast tractor 6×6s have had a long history as prime movers both in the military (as tank transports and artillery tractors), and commercially in logging and heavy equi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
H-drive
An H-drive drivetrain is a system used for heavy off-road vehicles with Six-wheel drive, 6×6 or Eight-wheel drive, 8×8 drive to supply power to each wheel station. H-drives do not use axles but rather individual wheel stations, usually carried on a punt chassis. A single differential (mechanical device), differential splits the drive into separate left and right drive shafts, which each run fore and aft inside the bottom corners of the chassis. At each wheel station a bevel gear, bevel box drives the half shaft out to the wheel. Advantages * Each wheel station has independent suspension. * Greater ground clearance than conventional axles, as there is no central housing for the differential and final drive. * Lower unsprung weight as only the halfshafts are carried, not the centre differential of an axle. * Only one differential is required; however, this also requires that final drive to transmit all of the vehicle's torque. * Losing traction with one wheel still retains trac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliica
The Eliica (or the Electric Lithium-Ion Car) is a battery electric vehicle prototype or concept car first shown in 2004 and designed by a team at Keio University in Tokyo, led by Professor Hiroshi Shimizu. The car runs on a lithium-ion battery and can accelerate from 0– in four seconds (faster than the Porsche 911 Turbo at the time). In 2004, the Eliica reached a speed of on Italy's Nardò High Speed Track. The team's goal is to exceed , breaking the record set by today's street-legal gasoline-powered vehicles. Shimizu's new project is called "SIM-Drive" (シムドライブ), with wheel hub motors. KAZ The Eliica is a refinement of the earlier KAZ (Keio Advanced Zero-emission vehicle), a limousine-sized 8-wheel 8-person electric vehicle prototype of 2003 that also set speed records. Design details The Eliica weighs and seats the driver and three passengers. The body was tested in a wind tunnel. The front doors open forward and the rear doors open upward like gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuel Efficiency
Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio of effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may vary per application, and this spectrum of variance is often illustrated as a continuous energy profile. Non-transportation applications, such as industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such as ammonia production during the Haber process. In the context of transport, fuel economy is the energy efficiency of a particular vehicle, given as a ratio of distance traveled per unit of fuel consumed. It is dependent on several factors including engine efficiency, transmission design, and tire design. In most countries, using the metric system, fuel economy is stated as "fuel consumption" in liters per 100 kilometers (L/100 km) or kilometer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZIL-135
The ZIL-135 is a large, eight-wheeled military transport and self-propelled artillery truck produced during the Cold War by the Soviet Union starting in 1959. Its purpose was to carry and launch an artillery missile, specifically a FROG-7, from surface-to-surface. The ZIL-135 was widely exported to other communist countries, most notably North Korea, where it is a common sight in films and military marches. It also served as the TEL for the BM-27 Uragan artillery rocket system. This vehicle has two gasoline engines that power its 20 tonnes to a maximum speed of 65 kilometers per hour. One engine drives the four wheels on the left of the truck, while the other engine drives the four wheels on the right. The ZIL-135 has eight wheel drive, but only the front and rear axles are used for steering. It has a maximum cruising range of 500 kilometers. The cab of the ZIL-135 is NBC protected, allowing the rockets to be fired without exposing the crew to possible contaminants.''Red Steel: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tank Transporter
A tank transporter is a combination of a heavy tractor unit and a mating full trailer or semi-trailer (typically of the "lowboy" type), used for transporting tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles. Some also function as tank recovery vehicles, the tractors of which may be armoured for protection in combat conditions. Used on roads, tank transporters reduce the wear and tear on tracks and the other components of the powertrains of tracked vehicles. They also conserve fuel, are less damaging of road surfaces, and reduce tank crew fatigue. Overall, they are more efficient at moving tanks at higher speeds and longer distances than the tanks themselves. Chassis designs Three chassis designs have been used, generally in this order over time as loads became heavier, although there are exceptions. Rigid chassis The lighter tanks of World War I and the interwar period were carried on simple rigid flatbed lorries. Trailers As the weight of tanks became too great for lorry cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oshkosh M1070
The Oshkosh M1070 is a U.S. Army tank transporter tractor unit. In current service in A0, A1, and M1300 configurations, the M1070 is coupled to a DRS Technologies M1000 semi-trailer. The primary purpose of this combination for the U.S. Army is the transport of the M1 Abrams tank. The M1300, covered in a separate sub-section, is a U.S. Army Europe-specific derivative designed to be road legal within Europe and operates with a different trailer. The M1070 is also used to transport, deploy, and evacuate armored personnel carriers, self-propelled artillery, armored bulldozers and other heavy vehicles and equipment of all types. This combination replaced the earlier Oshkosh M911 tractor unit and M747 semi-trailer. Export sales of A0 and A1 variants have been made, and derivatives of the M1070 have been produced or are available, these including the M1070F and the Global HET. History To meet a U.S. Army requirement for the transport of the M1 Abrams main battle tank (MBT) Oshkosh Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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