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Euornithean
Euornithes (from Greek ' meaning "true birds") is a natural group which includes the most recent common ancestor of all avialans closer to modern birds than to ''Sinornis''. Description Clarke ''et al''. (2006) found that the most primitive known euornithians (the Yanornithiformes) had a mosaic of advanced and primitive features. These species retained primitive features like gastralia and a pubic symphysis. They also showed the first fully modern pygostyles, and the type specimen of ''Yixianornis'' (IVPP 13631) preserves eight elongated rectrices (tail feathers) in a modern arrangement. No earlier pygostylians are known which preserve a fan of tail feathers of this sort; instead, they showed only paired plumes or a tuft of short feathers. Classification The name Euornithes has been used for a wide variety of avialan groups since it was first named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1889. It was first defined as a clade in 1998 by Paul Sereno, who made it the group of all animals closer t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaoyangia
''Chaoyangia'' is an extinct genus of euornithean birds, containing the single species ''Chaoyangia beishanensis''. This species is known from a single fossil specimen consisting of a partial skeleton including vertebra, ribs, hips, and upper legs. The specimen (museum catalog number IVPP V9934) was discovered in the Jiufotang Formation near the city of Chaoyang in Liaoning province, China. This rock formation has been dated to the Aptian age of the Early Cretaceous period, 120 million years ago. Description ''C. beishanensis'', known only from a single partial skeleton, is relatively poorly known compared to other primitive euornitheans. ''Chaoyangia'' were small, basal euornithean birds characterized by more than eight fused sacral vertebrae (those connected to the hips), uniquely long, slender, and angled uncinate processes on the ribs, and a distinct 'neck' in the upper leg bone (femur). Overall, the known skeleton is very similar to another primitive Chinese euornithean bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhongjianornis
''Zhongjianornis'' is a genus of beaked, pigeon-sized birds from the early Cretaceous period of China. It is known from one fossil found at Jianchang, Liaoning Province, in rocks of the Jiufotang Formation, representing the type species ''Zhongjianornis yangi''. The holotype specimen is in the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, and the species ''Z. yangi'' is named for the IVPP's founder, Yang Zhongjian.Li, D., Sulliven, C., Zhou, Z. and Zhang, Z. (2010). "Basal birds from China: a brief review." ''Chinese Birds'', 1(2): 83-96 This specimen is catalogued under the accession number IVPP V15900. It consists of a complete skeleton, possibly only missing a few tail vertebrae. History and classification ''Z. yangi'' was initially believed to be the most primitive (though not earliest) bird species that completely lacked teeth, and one of the most basal birds known. It was described by Zhou, Zhang and Li, in a paper published in J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schizoouridae
Schizoouridae is an extinct family of euornithean theropods that lived in what is now China during the Early Cretaceous. It was named in 2019 by Wang and colleagues, and contains all taxa more closely related to '' Mengciusornis dentatus'' and '' Schizooura lii'' than to '' Bellulornis'' or '' Jianchangornis microdonta''. Members of the family possessed several features that are rarely found in euornitheans, but are more typical of enantiornitheans and more basal groups. These include a robust furcula with a prominent hypocleidium, and (in ''Mengciusornis'') teeth at the tip of the premaxilla The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammal has .... Classification The cladogram below follows Wang ''et al.'' (2019): References Prehistoric euornitheans Prehistoric dinosaur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patagopterygiformes
Patagopterygiformes is an extinct group of large terrestrial ornithuromorphs from the Late Cretaceous of South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout .... It contains at most three genera: '' Patagopteryx'', '' Alamitornis'' and possibly '' Kuszholia''. References Prehistoric euornitheans Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America Cretaceous Argentina Fossils of Argentina Taxa named by José Bonaparte {{Theropod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eogranivora
''Eogranivora'' is a bird genus, belonging to the Ornithuromorpha, that lived in the area of present-day China during the Early Cretaceous. Its type species is ''Eogranivora edentulata''.Zheng X., O’Connor J.K., Wang X., Wang Y., Zhou Z. 2018. "Reinterpretation of a previously described Jehol bird clarifies early trophic evolution in the Ornithuromorpha". ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B'' 285: 20172494 In 2011, a bird fossil, specimen STM35-3 found at Dawangzhangzi, was referred to '' Hongshanornis''.Zheng X-T., Martin L.D., Zhou Z-H., Burnham D.A., Zhang F-C., Miao D. 2011 "Fossil evidence of avian crops from the Early Cretaceous of China". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA'' 108: 15 904–15 907 Subsequently, that genus was proven to possess teeth, while STM35-3 is toothless. Additional research showed that the latter represented a species new to science. In 2018, the type species ''Eogranivora edentulata'' was named and described by Zheng Xiaotin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambiortiformes
Ambiortiformes is a group of prehistoric ornithuromorphs. The first species to be included, '' Ambiortus dementjevi'', lived sometime during the Barremian age between 136.4 and 125 million years agoHoltz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012). ''Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,'Winter 2011 Appendix(PDF). in today's Mongolia. ''A. dementjevi'' belongs to the Ornithuromorpha (the group containing modern birds but not enantiornithes), according to all published cladistic analyses. However, the exact position of the species within this group has been controversial. Most analyses have found it to be either an unresolved member of the Ornithurae, or a more primitive member of Ornithuromorpha. One 2006 study, for example, found it to be more primitive than ''Yanornis'' but more advanced than '' Hongshanornis'', or even a member of the specific group containing both ''Yanornis'' and ''Yixianornis''.You, Lamanna, Harris, Chiappe, O'Conno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vorona
''Vorona'' ( ; Malagasy for "bird", ''V. berivotrensis'', "from Berivotra") is a monotypic genus of prehistoric birds. It was described from fossils found in a Maevarano Formation quarry near the village of Berivotra, Mahajanga Province, Madagascar. The age of the fossilised specimen is Late Cretaceous, probably Maastrichtian (72.1-66.0 mya). ''V. berivotrensis'' is known from scattered remains, possibly from a single individual ( UA 8651 and FMNH PA715). The phylogenic affinity of ''Vorona'' is hard to determine due to the fragmentary nature of the remains, mainly because the fossil shows a mix of basal avian features as well as some that seem very derived. ''Vorona'' might be a primitive ornithuromorph. At least two studies recovered it as part of Enantiornithes, however. ''Vorona'' is sometimes confused with the dromaeosaur ''Rahonavis ostromi'', a fossil of which was found in the same location. This confusion has led to the common misconception that ''Vorona'' had a dei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khinganornis
''Khinganornis'' (after the Greater Khingan mountain range) is a genus of ornithuromorph bird from the Early Cretaceous Longjiang Formation of Liaoning, China. The genus contains a single species, ''Khinganornis hulunbuirensis'', known from a nearly complete fossil preserved on a slab and counter slab. The holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several ... most likely represents an adult individual. References Birds described in 2020 Fossil taxa described in 2020 Extinct birds of Asia Prehistoric bird genera Mesozoic birds of Asia Prehistoric euornitheans {{Paleo-bird-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaririavis
''Kaririavis'' is an extinct genus of ornithuromorphs from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. It contains one species, ''K. mater''. It is known only from its holotype, which consists of a single foot. ''Kaririavis'' is the oldest known ornithuromorph from Gondwana Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) and began to break up during the Jurassic period (about 180 million years ago). The final stages .... References Prehistoric euornitheans Aptian genera Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America Cretaceous Brazil Fossils of Brazil Crato Formation Fossil taxa described in 2021 Taxa named by Fernando Novas {{Theropod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiuquanornis
''Jiuquanornis'' is an extinct genus of basal ornithuromorph dinosaur known from the Early Cretaceous Xiagou Formation of Changma Basin, Gansu Province of northwestern China. ''Jiuquanornis'' was first named by Ya-Ming Wang, Jingmai K. O'Connor, Da-Qing Li and Hai-Lu You in 2013 and the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ... is ''Jiuquanornis niui''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q16754002 Prehistoric euornitheans Bird genera Early Cretaceous birds of Asia Fossil taxa described in 2013 Paleontology in Gansu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gansus
''Gansus'' is a genus of aquatic birds that lived during the Aptian age of the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) period in what are now Gansu and Liaoning provinces, western China. The rock layers from which their fossils have been recovered are dated to 120 million years ago.Ji, S.-A. Atterholt, J. O'Connor, J.K. Lamanna, M.C. Harris, J.D. Li, D.-Q. You, H.-L. & Dodson, P. (2011A new, three-dimensionally preserved enantiornithine bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from Gansu Province, north-western China ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 162(1):201–219. It was first described in 1984 on the basis of an isolated left leg.Hou, L. & Liu, Z. (1984) A new fossil bird from Lower Cretaceous of Gansu and early evolution of birds. ''Sci. Sin. Ser. B.'' 27:1296−1302. It is the oldest-known member of the Ornithurae, the group which includes modern birds (Neornithes) and extinct related groups, such as ''Ichthyornis'' and Hesperornithes.O’Connor, J.K & Zhou, Z. (2012A redescription ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Changzuiornis
''Changzuiornis'' is an extinct genus of ornithuromorph bird from the Early Cretaceous of present-day China. It contains a single species, ''C. ahgmi''. Discovery and naming At Sihedang near Lingyuan in Liaoning, a bird skeleton was excavated which was acquired by the ''Anhui Gushengwu Bowugan'', the paleontological museum of Anhui. In 2016 the type species ''Changzuiornis ahgmi'' was named and described by Huang Jiandong, Wang Xia, Hu Yuanchao, Liu Jia, Jennifer A. Peteya and Julia A. Clarke. The generic name combines the Chinese ''chángzuì'', "the longest", a reference to the long beak, with a Greek ὄρνις, ''ornis'', "bird". The specific name is the Latin genitive of the acronym AHGM, the Anhui Geological Museum. The holotype, AGB5840, was found in a layer of the Jiufotang Formation dating from the Aptian. It consists of an almost complete and associated skeleton with skull, compressed on a plate. It preserves feather remains and gastroliths. It represents an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
