|
Estradiol Phosphate
Estradiol phosphate, or estradiol 17β-phosphate, also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol 17β-(dihydrogen phosphate), is an estrogen which was never marketed. It is an estrogen ester, specifically an ester of estradiol with phosphoric acid, and acts as a prodrug of estradiol in the body. It is rapidly cleaved by phosphatase enzymes into estradiol upon administration. Estradiol phosphate is contained within the chemical structures of two other estradiol esters, polyestradiol phosphate (a polymer of estradiol phosphate) and estramustine phosphate (estradiol 3-normustine 17β-phosphate), both of which have been marketed for the treatment of prostate cancer Prostate cancer is cancer of the prostate. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancerous tumor worldwide and is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system that sur .... See also * List of estrogen esters § Estradiol esters Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estrogen (medication)
An estrogen (E) is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy, and as part of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women. They can also be used in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers like breast cancer and prostate cancer and for various other indications. Estrogens are used alone or in combination with progestogens. They are available in a wide variety of formulations and for use by many different routes of administration. Examples of estrogens include bioidentical estradiol, natural conjugated estrogens, synthetic steroidal estrogens like ethinylestradiol, and synthetic nonsteroidal estrogens like diethylstilbestrol. Estrogens are one of three types of sex hormone agonists, the others being androgens/anabolic steroids like testosterone and progestogens like progesterone. Side effects of estrogens include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, headache, nausea, fluid retention, and edema among other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyestradiol Phosphate
Polyestradiol phosphate (PEP), sold under the brand name Estradurin, is an estrogen medication which is used primarily in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. It is also used in women to treat breast cancer, as a component of hormone therapy to treat low estrogen levels and menopausal symptoms, and as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women. It is given by injection into muscle once every four weeks. Common side effects of PEP include headache, breast tenderness, breast development, feminization, sexual dysfunction, infertility, and vaginal bleeding. PEP is an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. It is an estrogen ester in the form of a polymer and is an extremely long-lasting prodrug of estradiol in the body. The biological half-life of PEP is more than two months. Because PEP works by being converted into estradiol, it is considered to be a natural and bioidentical form of es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prodrugs
A prodrug is a medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME). Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target. This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects. History Many herbal extracts historically used in medicine contain glycosides (sugar derivatives) of the active agent, which are hydrolyzed in the intestines to release the active and more bioavailable aglycone. For example, salicin is a β-D-glucopyranosid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphate Esters
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid . The phosphate or orthophosphate ion is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons . Removal of one or two protons gives the dihydrogen phosphate ion and the hydrogen phosphate ion ion, respectively. These names are also used for salts of those anions, such as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate. File:3-phosphoric-acid-3D-balls.png, Phosphoricacid File:2-dihydrogenphosphate-3D-balls.png, Dihydrogenphosphate File:1-hydrogenphosphate-3D-balls.png, Hydrogenphosphate File:0-phosphate-3D-balls.png, Phosphate In organic chemistry, phosphate or orthophosphate is an organophosphate, an ester of orthophosphoric acid of the form where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups. An example is trimethyl phosphate, . The term also refers to the trival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estradiol Esters
This is a list of estrogen esters, or ester prodrugs of estrogens. It includes esters, as well as ethers, of steroidal estrogens like estradiol, estrone, and estriol and of nonsteroidal estrogens like the stilbestrols diethylstilbestrol and hexestrol. Esters of steroidal estrogens Estradiol esters Marketed Many esters of estradiol have been marketed, including the following major esters: * Estradiol acetate (Femring, Femtrace, Menoring) * Estradiol benzoate (Agofollin Depot, Progynon-B; Duogynon, Primosiston, Sistocyclin) * Estradiol cypionate (Depo-Estradiol, Depofemin, Estradep; Cyclofem, Lunelle) * Estradiol dipropionate (Agofollin, Di-Ovocyclin, Progynon-DP; EP Hormone Depot) * Estradiol enantate (Perlutal, Topasel, Unalmes, Yectames) * Estradiol undecylate (Delestrec, Progynon Depot) * Estradiol valerate (Delestrogen, Progynon Depot, Progynova; Gravibinon, Mesigyna, Mesygest) * Polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin) (an estradiol ester in polymeric form) And the following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abandoned Drugs
Abandon, abandoned, or abandonment may refer to: Common uses * Abandonment (emotional), a subjective emotional state in which people feel undesired, left behind, insecure, or discarded * Abandonment (legal), a legal term regarding property ** Child abandonment, the extralegal abandonment of children ** Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property, legal status of property after abandonment and rediscovery * Abandonment (mysticism) Art, entertainment, and media Film * ''Abandon'' (film), a 2002 film starring Katie Holmes * ''Abandoned'' (1949 film), starring Dennis O'Keefe * ''Abandoned'' (1955 film), the English language title of the Italian war film ''Gli Sbandati'' * ''Abandoned'' (2001 film), a Hungarian film * ''Abandoned'' (2010 film), starring Brittany Murphy * ''Abandoned'' (2015 film), a television movie about the shipwreck of the ''Rose-Noëlle'' in 1989 * ''Abandoned'' (2022 film), starring Emma Roberts * ''The Abandoned'' (1945 film), a 1945 Mexican film * ''The Aban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Estrogen Esters
This is a list of estrogen esters, or ester prodrugs of estrogen (medication), estrogens. It includes esters, as well as ethers, of steroidal estrogen (medication), estrogens like estradiol (medication), estradiol, estrone (medication), estrone, and estriol (medication), estriol and of nonsteroidal estrogens like the stilbestrols diethylstilbestrol and hexestrol. Esters of steroidal estrogens Estradiol esters Marketed Many esters of estradiol have been marketed, including the following major esters: * Estradiol acetate (Femring, Femtrace, Menoring) * Estradiol benzoate (Agofollin Depot, Progynon-B; Duogynon, Primosiston, Sistocyclin) * Estradiol cypionate (Depo-Estradiol, Depofemin, Estradep; Cyclofem, Lunelle) * Estradiol dipropionate (Agofollin, Di-Ovocyclin, Progynon-DP; EP Hormone Depot) * Estradiol enantate (Perlutal, Topasel, Unalmes, Yectames) * Estradiol undecylate (Delestrec, Progynon Depot) * Estradiol valerate (Delestrogen, Progynon Depot, Progynova; Gravibinon, Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is cancer of the prostate. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancerous tumor worldwide and is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system that surrounds the urethra just below the bladder. It is located in the hypogastric region of the abdomen. To give an idea of where it is located, the bladder is superior to the prostate gland as shown in the image The rectum is posterior in perspective to the prostate gland and the ischial tuberosity of the pelvic bone is inferior. Only those who have male reproductive organs are able to get prostate cancer. Most prostate cancers are slow growing. Cancerous cells may spread to other areas of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes. It may initially cause no symptoms. In later stages, symptoms include pain or difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, or pain in the pelvis or back. Benign prostatic hyperplasia may produce similar symptoms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Normustine
Normustine, also known as bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid, is a nitrogen mustard and alkylating antineoplastic agent (i.e., chemotherapy agent). It is a metabolite of a number of antineoplastic agents that have been developed for the treatment of tumors, including estramustine phosphate, alestramustine, cytestrol acetate, and ICI-85966 ICI-85966 (former tentative brand name Stilbostat), also known as diethylstilbestrol (DES) bis(di(2-chloroethyl)carbamate), is a synthetic compound, synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen (medication), estrogen and cytostatic antineoplastic agent of the ... (stilbostat), but only the former of which has actually been marketed. References Alkylating antineoplastic agents Carbamates Human drug metabolites Nitrogen mustards Organochlorides Chloroethyl compounds {{Antineoplastic-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estramustine Phosphate
Estramustine phosphate (EMP), also known as estradiol normustine phosphate and sold under the brand names Emcyt and Estracyt, is a dual estrogen and chemotherapy medication which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. It is taken multiple times a day by mouth or by injection into a vein. Side effects of EMP include nausea, vomiting, gynecomastia, feminization, demasculinization, sexual dysfunction, blood clots, and cardiovascular complications. EMP is a dual cytostatic and hence chemotherapeutic agent and a hormonal anticancer agent of the estrogen type. It is a prodrug of estramustine and estromustine in terms of its cytostatic effects and a prodrug of estradiol in relation to its estrogenic effects. EMP has strong estrogenic effects at typical clinical dosages, and consequently has marked antigonadotropic and functional antiandrogenic effects. EMP was introduced for medical use in the early 1970s. It is available in the United States, Canada, the United K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polymer
A polymer (; Greek '' poly-'', "many" + ''-mer'', "part") is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules called macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. Due to their broad spectrum of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins that are fundamental to biological structure and function. Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers. Their consequently large molecular mass, relative to small molecule compounds, produces unique physical properties including toughness, high elasticity, viscoelasticity, and a tendency to form amorphous and semicrystalline structures rather than crystals. The term "polymer" derives from the Greek word πολύς (''polus'', meaning "many, much") and μέρος (''meros'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estradiol Ester
This is a list of estrogen esters, or ester prodrugs of estrogens. It includes esters, as well as ethers, of steroidal estrogens like estradiol, estrone, and estriol and of nonsteroidal estrogens like the stilbestrols diethylstilbestrol and hexestrol. Esters of steroidal estrogens Estradiol esters Marketed Many esters of estradiol have been marketed, including the following major esters: * Estradiol acetate (Femring, Femtrace, Menoring) * Estradiol benzoate (Agofollin Depot, Progynon-B; Duogynon, Primosiston, Sistocyclin) * Estradiol cypionate (Depo-Estradiol, Depofemin, Estradep; Cyclofem, Lunelle) * Estradiol dipropionate (Agofollin, Di-Ovocyclin, Progynon-DP; EP Hormone Depot) * Estradiol enantate (Perlutal, Topasel, Unalmes, Yectames) * Estradiol undecylate (Delestrec, Progynon Depot) * Estradiol valerate (Delestrogen, Progynon Depot, Progynova; Gravibinon, Mesigyna, Mesygest) * Polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin) (an estradiol ester in polymeric form) And the followi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
