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Dūdas
''Dūdas'' or ''somas stabules'' is a type of bagpipe native to Latvia, popular from the 16th to 18th centuries. History The instrument is believed to have first appeared in Livonia in the 15th century, with the first documentary evidence of such appearing in the 16th century. The 1550 publication '' Cosmographia'' by the scientist Sebastian Münster of Basel shows images of a witch and devils dancing accompanied by a bagpiper, a lutanist, and a lyre player. It is, however, not clear whether the instrument in the drawing is meant to represent instrument used within Livonia or instruments, or is taken from the general style of representing music players in European artwork. As more direct evidence, Balthasar Russow, in his ''Livonian Chronicle'' gave the following description of Livonian peasants: "As early as Saturday farmers came from a large distance with their wives, daughters and servants, and immediately resorted to drinking. Dūdas was audible almost a mile away, such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvian Post
VAS Latvijas Pasts ( en, Latvian Post) is the main state-owned postal service provider in Latvia headquartered in Riga. It was founded on 2 January 1992, following shortly after the restoration of independence of the country. History Latvia Post was founded on 2 January 1992 as a state-owned company, prior to which multiple postal companies had already existed in the territory. On 1 November 2004, Latvia Post was re-registered simply as a state joint-stock company instead of having the status of a nonprofit organization state stock company. In 2014, Latvia Post partook in the transition from lats to euro that took place in the whole country by providing currency exchange services following the official exchange rate of 1.00 LVL for 1.42 EUR for 3 months in 302 post offices where it was deemed necessary due to local banking service availability issues. See also * Postage stamps and postal history of Latvia Postal history in the territory that now constitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livonian Chronicle
Livonian Chronicle may refer to one of the following chronicles. *Livonian Rhymed Chronicle **By anonymous (1180–1290) **By Bartholomäus Hoeneke (1340s) *Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (1220s) *By Hermann de Wartberge (up to 1378) *By Hermann Helewegh (15th century) *By Balthasar Russow (1578) *By Johann Renner Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name ''Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious" ... (1582) *By Franz Nyenstede (1609) {{SIA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dūdmaišis
Dūdmaišis or Labonoro dūda is a Lithuanian Bagpipes, bagpipe with a single chanter and Drone (music), drone. The Lithuanian bagpipe was traditionally played at a variety of events, including May Day festivities, and spring caroling. A 1955 publication by the Lituanus Foundation noted that: "The Labanoro Dūda or Bagpipe was at one time very widely used, though it is almost forgotten." Dūdmaišis are made of sheep, ox, goat or dogskin or of sheep’s stomach. A blowing tube is attached to the top. On one side of the bag is a pipe with fingerholes, on the other side are one or two drone pipes without fingerholes, which play at a single tone. The mouthpieces of the pipes, which have reeds made of goose quill or cane, are usually inside the bag. On the outside end are attached bent horn-shaped tips made of apple or pine wood. The bagpipes are mentioned in written sources beginning in the 16th century. It was known throughout the territory of Lithuania, but by the middle of the 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torupill
The torupill () is a traditional bagpipe from Estonia. Place in Estonian folk music It is not clear when the bagpipe became established in Estonia. The instrument was known throughout Estonia. The bagpipe tradition was longest preserved in West and North Estonia where folk music retained archaic characteristics for a longer time. Later when the fiddle was taking over folk music a lot of bagpipe tunes were transcribed for it. Very often the bagpipe was used for playing dance music; other instruments served this purpose only in the absence of the bagpipe. Some old ceremonial dances, such as the Round Dance (''Voortants'') and the Tail Dance (''Sabatants'') were performed together with a bagpiper who walked at the head of the column. Ceremonial music took an important place in the bagpipers' repertoires in the 17th century, as seen from the literary sources of that time. For instance, the presence of a bagpiper was considered essential during weddings, where he had to take part in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valdis Muktupāvels
Valdis Muktupāvels (9 November 1958 in Līvāni) is a Latvian ethnomusicologist, composer, musician, teacher and doctor of art criticism. Muktupāvels graduated 1980 from the University of Latvia and acquired a specialty in chemistry in 1983. He completed the Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music in 1996 with a doctorate in art criticism. Muktupāvels has worked for the University of Latvia since 1989; since 1999 at the Art History and Philology Faculty, and since 2002 as a professor. Muktupāvels has been a member of the Latvian National Cultural Council since 2002. He is a pioneer in the revival of traditional instruments in Latvia, and has performed in many countries in Europe, North America, and countries like Australia, India and Japan. He was also the founder and director of the folklore ensemble Rasa, which was active from 1988 to 1998. Muktupāvels is a Magnus Ducatus Poesis participant. Muktupāvels was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maple
''Acer'' () is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples. The genus is placed in the family Sapindaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 nd more or less continuously updated since http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/. There are approximately 132 species, most of which are native to Asia, with a number also appearing in Europe, northern Africa, and North America. Only one species, ''Acer laurinum'', extends to the Southern Hemisphere.Gibbs, D. & Chen, Y. (2009The Red List of Maples Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) The type species of the genus is the sycamore maple, '' Acer pseudoplatanus'', the most common maple species in Europe.van Gelderen, C. J. & van Gelderen, D. M. (1999). ''Maples for Gardens: A Color Encyclopedia'' Maples usually have easily recognizable palmate leaves ('' Acer negundo'' is an exception) and distinctive winged fruits. The closest relatives of the maples are the horse c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seam (sewing)
In sewing, a seam is the join where two or more layers of fabric, leather, or other materials are held together with stitches. Prior to the invention of the sewing machine, all sewing was done by hand. Seams in modern mass-produced household textiles, sporting goods, and ready-to-wear clothing are sewn by computerized machines, while home shoemaking, dressmaking, quilting, crafts, haute couture and tailoring may use a combination of hand and machine sewing.Schaeffer (2001), p. 35 In clothing construction, seams are classified by their ''type'' (plain, lapped, abutted, or French seams) and ''position'' in the finished garment (center back seam, inseam, side seam). Seams are ''finished'' with a variety of techniques to prevent raveling of raw fabric edges and to neaten the inside of garments. Types All basics seams used in clothing construction are variants on four basic types of seams: * Plain seams * French seams * Flat or abutted seams * Lapped seams A plain seam is the mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drone (music)
In music, a drone is a harmonic or monophonic effect or accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout most or all of a piece. A drone may also be any part of a musical instrument used to produce this effect; an archaic term for this is ''burden'' (''bourdon'' or ''burdon'') such as a "drone ipeof a bagpipe", the pedal point in an organ, or the lowest course of a lute. Α ''burden'' is also part of a song that is repeated at the end of each stanza, such as the chorus or refrain.Brabner, John H F., ed. (1884). The national encyclopædia', Vol. V, p.99. Libr. ed. William McKenzie. . Musical effect "Of all harmonic devices, it droneis not only the simplest, but probably also the most fertile." A drone effect can be achieved through a sustained sound or through repetition of a note. It most often establishes a tonality upon which the rest of the piece is built. A drone can be instrumental, vocal or both. Drone (both instrumental and vocal) can be place ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chanter
The chanter is the part of the bagpipe upon which the player creates the melody. It consists of a number of finger-holes, and in its simpler forms looks similar to a recorder. On more elaborate bagpipes, such as the Northumbrian bagpipes or the Uilleann pipes, it also may have a number of keys, to increase the instrument's range and/or the number of keys (in the modal sense) it can play in. Like the rest of the bagpipe, they are often decorated with a variety of substances, including metal (silver/nickel/gold/brass), bone, ivory, or plastic mountings. Cylindrical vs. conical bore Chanters come in two main types, parallel and non-parallel bored (although there is no clear dividing line between the two). This refers to the shape of the internal bore of the chanter. On the Great Highland Bagpipe, the internal bore is conical: it is this that gives the chanter its exceptional volume. The Northumbrian pipes, on the other hand, have a parallel bore, giving them a much sweet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nipple
The nipple is a raised region of tissue on the surface of the breast from which, in females, milk leaves the breast through the lactiferous ducts to feed an infant. The milk can flow through the nipple passively or it can be ejected by smooth muscle contractions that occur along with the ductal system. The nipple is surrounded by the areola, which is often a darker colour than the surrounding skin. A nipple is often called a teat when referring to non-humans. Nipple or teat can also be used to describe the flexible mouthpiece of a baby bottle. In humans, the nipples of both males and females can be stimulated as part of sexual arousal. In many cultures, human female nipples are sexualized, or "regarded as sex objects and evaluated in terms of their physical characteristics and sexiness." Anatomy In mammals, a nipple (also called mammary papilla or teat) is a small projection of skin containing the outlets for 15–20 lactiferous ducts arranged cylindrically around the tip. Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alsunga
Alsunga (also Alšvanga, german: Alschwangen) is a village in Alsunga Parish, Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. Alsunga is the center of the Suiti, a small Catholic community in the Lutheran western part of Latvia. There are approximately 1345 inhabitants in Alsunga. Alsunga was first mentioned in 1230, as an old settlement of Curonians with Curonian name and typical suffix -anga- (comp. Alšvanga, Palanga). In 1372, a castle was built for the vogt of Kuldīga komtur. In 1561 Alsunga became the part of the predominantly Lutheran Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. In 1567 the Saint Michael church was built. In 1623 the local landowner, Johan Ulrich von Schwerin, in order to marry a Catholic court lady Barbara Konarska from Vilnius, agreed to himself become Catholic. After the marriage he lived in Lithuania and Poland until 1632, when he returned to Alsunga after his father's death. In 1634 Johan Ulrich invited Jesuits to establish a mission in Alsung ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vidzeme
Vidzeme (; Old Latvian orthography: ''Widda-semme'', liv, Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", it is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as ''Livland'', the German form from Latin ''Livonia'', though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country. The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia. History In ancient times, the territory of Vidzeme was inhabited by Latgalians and Livs (near the coast of the Gulf of Riga and along the lower reaches of the Daugava and Gauja rivers). Until the German conquest in the 13th century the Daugava, which now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
