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Diverse Double Compilation
Diversity, diversify, or diverse may refer to: Business *Diversity (business), the inclusion of people of different identities (ethnicity, gender, age) in the workforce * Diversity marketing, marketing communication targeting diverse customers *Supplier diversity, the use of diverse suppliers *Team diversity Politics * Diversity (politics), the political and social policy of encouraging tolerance for people of different cultural and racial backgrounds * Diversity Immigrant Visa or Green Card Lottery, a United States immigration program * Diversity jurisdiction, a concept under which U.S. federal courts can hear suits between parties from different states * Diversity training, the process of educating people to function in a diverse environment * Cultural diversity, the respect of different cultures and interculturality * Functional diversity (disability), a term for special needs, disability, impairment and handicap * Gerodiversity, a multicultural approach to issues of aging * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diversity (business)
Diversity, in a business context, is hiring and promoting employees from a variety of different backgrounds and identities. Those characteristics may include various legally protected groups, such as people of different religions or races, or backgrounds that are not legally protected, such as people from different social classes or educational levels. A business or group with people from a variety of backgrounds is called ''diverse''; a business or group with people who are very similar to each other is ''not diverse''. Proponents of diversity argue that businesses benefit by having diversity in the work force. The business case for diversity stems from the progression of the models of diversity within the workplace since the 1960s. In the United States, the original model for diversity was situated around affirmative action drawing from equal employment opportunity initiatives implemented in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Equal employment opportunity was centered around ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metric Space
In mathematics, a metric space is a Set (mathematics), set together with a notion of ''distance'' between its Element (mathematics), elements, usually called point (geometry), points. The distance is measured by a function (mathematics), function called a metric or distance function. Metric spaces are a general setting for studying many of the concepts of mathematical analysis and geometry. The most familiar example of a metric space is 3-dimensional Euclidean space with its usual notion of distance. Other well-known examples are a sphere equipped with the angular distance and the hyperbolic plane. A metric may correspond to a Conceptual metaphor , metaphorical, rather than physical, notion of distance: for example, the set of 100-character Unicode strings can be equipped with the Hamming distance, which measures the number of characters that need to be changed to get from one string to another. Since they are very general, metric spaces are a tool used in many different bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diversity Scheme
In telecommunications, a diversity scheme refers to a method for improving the reliability of a message signal by using two or more communication channels with different characteristics. Diversity is mainly used in radio communication and is a common technique for combatting fading and co-channel interference and avoiding error bursts. It is based on the fact that individual channels experience fades and interference at different, random times, i.e., they are at least partly independent. Multiple versions of the same signal may be transmitted and/or received and combined in the receiver. Alternatively, a redundant forward error correction code may be added and different parts of the message transmitted over different channels. Diversity techniques may exploit the multipath propagation, resulting in a diversity gain, often measured in decibels. Diversity techniques The following classes of diversity schemes can be identified: * Time diversity: Multiple versions of the same si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diversity Gain
Diversity gain is the increase in signal-to-interference ratio due to some diversity scheme, or how much the transmission power can be reduced when a diversity scheme is introduced, without a performance loss. Diversity gain is usually expressed in decibels The decibel (symbol: dB) is a relative unit of measurement equal to one tenth of a bel (B). It expresses the ratio of two values of a power or root-power quantity on a logarithmic scale. Two signals whose levels differ by one decibel have a ..., and sometimes as a power ratio. An example is soft handoff gain. For selection combining N signals are received, and the strongest signal is selected. When the N signals are independent and Rayleigh distributed, the expected diversity gain has been shown to be \sum_^\frac, expressed as a power ratio.D.G. Brennan, "Linear diversity combining techniques," Proc. IRE, vol.47, no.1, pp.1075–1102, June 1959 See also * Array gain * Diversity combining References Radio resou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diversity Combining
Diversity combining is the technique applied to combine the multiple received signals of a diversity reception device into a single improved signal. Various techniques Various diversity combining techniques can be distinguished: * Equal-gain combining: All the received signals are summed coherently. * Maximal-ratio combining is often used in large phased-array systems: The received signals are weighted with respect to their SNR and then summed. The resulting SNR yields \sum_^SNR_k where SNR_k is SNR of the received signal k. * Switched combining: The receiver switches to another signal when the currently selected signal drops below a predefined threshold. This is also often called "Scanning Combining". * Selection combining: Of the N received signals, the strongest signal is selected. When the N signals are independent and Rayleigh distributed, the expected diversity gain has been shown to be \sum_^\frac, expressed as a power ratio. Therefore, any additional gain diminishes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diversity (journal)
This is a list of academic journals published by MDPI. As of September 2022, MDPI publishes 399 peer-reviewed academic journals and nine conference journals. {, class="wikitable sortable" , +List of MDPI journals !Journal name !Subject !Established !ISSN , - , ''Acoustics'' , Engineering , 2019 , 2624-599X , - , ''Actuators'' , Engineering , 2012 , 2076-0825 , - , ''Administrative Sciences'' , Business , 2011 , 2076-3387 , - , ''Adolescents'' , Health , 2021 , 2673-7051 , - , ''Advances in Respiratory Medicine'' (formerly ''Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska)'' , Health , , 2451-4934 , - , ''Aerospace'' , Engineering , 2014 , 2226-4310 , - , ''Agriculture'' , Agriculture , 2011 , 2077-0472 , - , ''AgriEngineering'' , Agriculture , 2019 , 2624-7402 , - , ''Agronomy'' , Agriculture , 2011 , 2073-4395 , - , ''AI'' , Computers , 2020 , 2673-2688 , - , ''Algorithms'' , Mathematics , 2008 , 1999-4893 , - , ''Allergies'' , Medicine , 2021 , 2313-5786 , - , ''Alloys'' , Engineering ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Diversity
Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community (a dataset). The effective number of species refers to the number of equally abundant species needed to obtain the same mean proportional species abundance as that observed in the dataset of interest (where all species may not be equally abundant). Meanings of species diversity may include species richness, taxonomic or phylogenetic diversity, and/or species evenness. Species richness is a simple count of species. Taxonomic or phylogenetic diversity is the genetic relationship between different groups of species. Species evenness quantifies how equal the abundances of the species are.Hill, M. O. (1973) Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology, 54, 427–432Tuomisto, H. (2010) A diversity of beta diversities: straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 1. Defining beta diversity as a function of alpha and gamma diversity. Ecography, 33, 2-22. Tuomisto, H. 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic Diversity
Phylogenetic diversity is a measure of biodiversity which incorporates Phylogenetics, phylogenetic difference between species. It is defined and calculated as "the sum of the lengths of all those branches that are members of the corresponding minimum spanning path", in which 'branch' is a segment of a cladogram, and the minimum spanning path is the minimum distance between the two nodes. This definition is distinct from earlier measures which attempted to incorporate phylogenetic diversity into conservation planning, such as the measure of 'taxic diversity' introduced by Vane-Wright, Humphries, and William. The concept of phylogenetic diversity has been rapidly adopted in conservation planning, with programs such as the Zoological Society of London's EDGE of Existence programme focused on evolutionary distinct species. Similarly, the World Wide Fund for Nature, WWF's Global 200 also includes unusual evolutionary phenomena in their criteria for selecting target ecoregions. Some studi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleotide Diversity
Nucleotide diversity is a concept in molecular genetics which is used to measure the degree of polymorphism (biology), polymorphism within a population. One commonly used measure of nucleotide diversity was first introduced by Masatoshi Nei, Nei and Wen-Hsiung Li, Li in 1979. This measure is defined as the average number of nucleotide differences per site between two DNA sequences in all possible pairs in the sample population, and is denoted by \pi. An estimator for \pi is given by: : \hat = \frac \sum_ x_i x_j \pi_ = \frac \sum_^n \sum_^ 2 x_i x_j \pi_ where x_i and x_j are the respective frequencies of the i th and j th sequences, \pi_ is the number of nucleotide differences per nucleotide site between the i th and j th sequences, and n is the number of sequences in the sample. The term in front of the sums guarantees an unbiased estimator, which does not depend on how many sequences you sample. Nucleotide diversity is a measure of genetic variation. It is usually associat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genetic Diversity
Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It ranges widely, from the number of species to differences within species, and can be correlated to the span of survival for a species. It is distinguished from '' genetic variability'', which describes the tendency of genetic characteristics to vary. Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. With more variation, it is more likely that some individuals in a population will possess variations of alleles that are suited for the environment. Those individuals are more likely to survive to produce offspring bearing that allele. The population will continue for more generations because of the success of these individuals. The academic field of population genetics includes several hypotheses and theories regarding genetic diversity. The neutral theory of evolution proposes that diversity is the result of the accumulation of neutral substitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functional Diversity (ecology)
Biodiversity is the variability of life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is greater in the tropics as a result of the warm climate and high primary productivity in the region near the equator. Tropical forest ecosystems cover less than one-fifth of Earth's terrestrial area and contain about 50% of the world's species. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity for both marine and terrestrial taxa. Since life began on Earth, six major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic aeon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion. In this period, the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecosystem Diversity
Ecosystem diversity deals with the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment. Ecosystem diversity addresses the combined characteristics of biotic properties which are living organisms (biodiversity) and abiotic properties such as nonliving things like water or soil (geodiversity). It is a variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet. Ecological diversity includes the variation in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecological diversity can also take into account the variation in the complexity of a biological community, including the number of different niches, the number of and other ecological processes. An example of ecological diversity on a global scale would be the variation in ecosystems, such as deserts, forests, grasslands, wetlands and oceans. Ecological diversity is the largest scale of biodiversity, and within each ecosystem, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
