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Dimethyl Oxalate
Dimethyl oxalate is the organic compound with the formula (CO2CH3)2. It is the dimethyl ester of oxalic acid. Dimethyl oxalate is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water. Production Dimethyl oxalate can be obtained by esterification of oxalic acid with methanol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst: :\rm 2\ CH_3OH + (CO_2H)_2\ \xrightarrow\ (CO_2CH_3)_2 + 2\ H_2O Oxidative carbonylation route The preparation by oxidative carbonylation has attracted interest because it requires only C1 precursors: :\rm 4 \ CH_3OH + 4 \ CO + O_2 \xrightarrow\ 2 \ (CO_2CH_3)_2 + 2 \ H_2O The reaction is catalyzed by Pd2+.E. Amadio''Oxidative Carbonylation of Alkanols Catalyzed by Pd(II)-Phosphine Complexes'' PhD Thesis, Ca’Foscari University Venice, 2009 The synthesis gas is mostly obtained from coal or biomass. The oxidation proceeds via dinitrogen trioxide, which is formed according to (1) of nitrogen monoxide and oxygen and then reacts according to (2) with methanol forming methyl ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphenyl Oxalate
Diphenyl oxalate (trademark name Cyalume) is a solid whose oxidation products are responsible for the chemiluminescence in a glowstick. This chemical is the double ester of phenol with oxalic acid. Upon reaction with hydrogen peroxide, 1,2-dioxetanedione is formed, along with release of the two phenols. The dioxetanedione then reacts with a dye molecule, decomposing to form carbon dioxide and leaving the dye in an excited state. As the dye relaxes back to its unexcited state, it releases a photon of visible light. : The reaction rate is pH dependent, and slightly alkaline conditions, achieved by adding a weak base, such as sodium salicylate Sodium salicylate is a sodium salt of salicylic acid. It can be prepared from sodium phenolate and carbon dioxide under higher temperature and pressure. Historically, it has been synthesized by refluxing methyl salicylate (wintergreen oil) with a ..., give a faster reaction and therefore produce brighter light. The 2,4,6-trichlorophenol est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methyl Nitrite
Methyl nitrite is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is a gas, and is the simplest alkyl nitrite. Structure At room temperature, methyl nitrite exists as a mixture of ''cis'' and ''trans'' conformers. The ''cis'' conformer is 3.13 kJ mol−1, more stable than the ''trans'' form, with an energy barrier to rotation of 45.3 kJ mol−1. The cis and trans structure have also been determined by microwave spectroscopy (see external links). Synthesis Methyl nitrite can be prepared by the reaction of silver nitrite with iodomethane: Silver nitrite (AgNO2) exists in solution as the silver ion, Ag+ and the nitrite ion, NO2−. One of the lone pairs on an oxygen from nitrite ion attacks the methyl group (—CH3), releasing the iodide ion into solution. Unlike silver nitrite, silver iodide is highly insoluble in water and thus forms a solid. Note that nitrogen is a better nucleophile than oxygen and most nitrites would react via an SN2-like mechanism and the majo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexanone is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CO. The molecule consists of six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group. This colorless oily liquid has an odor reminiscent of acetone. Over time, samples of cyclohexanone assume a pale yellow color. Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water and miscible with common organic solvents. Billions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly as a precursor to nylon. Production Cyclohexanone is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts: :C6H12 + O2 → (CH2)5CO + H2O This process forms cyclohexanol as a by-product, and this mixture, called "KA Oil" for ketone-alcohol oil, is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid. The oxidation involves radicals and the hydroperoxide C6H11O2H as an intermediate. In some cases, purified cyclohexanol, obtained by hydration of cyclohexene, is the precursor. Alternatively, cyclohexanone can be produced by the partial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condensation Reaction
In organic chemistry, a condensation reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two molecules are combined to form a single molecule, usually with the loss of a small molecule such as water. If water is lost, the reaction is also known as a dehydration synthesis. However other molecules can also be lost, such as ammonia, ethanol, acetic acid and hydrogen sulfide. The addition of the two molecules typically proceeds in a step-wise fashion to the addition product, usually in equilibrium, and with loss of a water molecule (hence the name condensation). The reaction may otherwise involve the functional groups of the molecule, and is a versatile class of reactions that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of a catalyst. This class of reactions is a vital part of life as it is essential to the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids and to the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Many variations of condensation reactions exist. Common examples include the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxidative Carbonylation With BQ Corr
Redox (reduction–oxidation, , ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state. There are two classes of redox reactions: * ''Electron-transfer'' – Only one (usually) electron flows from the reducing agent to the oxidant. This type of redox reaction is often discussed in terms of redox couples and electrode potentials. * ''Atom transfer'' – An atom transfers from one substrate to another. For example, in the rusting of iron, the oxidation state of iron atoms increases as the iron converts to an oxide, and simultaneously the oxidation state of oxygen decreases as it accepts electrons released by the iron. Although oxidation reactions are commonly associated with the formation of oxides, other chemical species can serve the same function. In hydrogenation, C=C (and other) bonds ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a colorless, poisonous, odorless, tasteless, flammable gas that is slightly less dense than air. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond. It is the simplest molecule of the oxocarbon family. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl. It is a key ingredient in many processes in industrial chemistry. The most common source of carbon monoxide is the partial combustion of carbon-containing compounds, when insufficient oxygen or heat is present to produce carbon dioxide. There are also numerous environmental and biological sources that generate and emit a significant amount of carbon monoxide. It is important in the production of many compounds, including drugs, fragrances, and fuels. Upon emission into the atmosphere, carbon monoxide affects several processes that contribute to climate change. Carbon monoxide has important biological roles across phylogenetic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triphenylphosphine
Triphenylphosphine (IUPAC name: triphenylphosphane) is a common organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C6H5)3 and often abbreviated to P Ph3 or Ph3P. It is widely used in the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds. PPh3 exists as relatively air stable, colorless crystals at room temperature. It dissolves in non-polar organic solvents such as benzene and diethyl ether. Preparation and structure Triphenylphosphine can be prepared in the laboratory by treatment of phosphorus trichloride with phenylmagnesium bromide or phenyllithium. The industrial synthesis involves the reaction between phosphorus trichloride, chlorobenzene, and sodium: :PCl3 + 3 PhCl + 6 Na → PPh3 + 6 NaCl Triphenylphosphine crystallizes in triclinic and monoclinic modification. In both cases, the molecule adopts a pyramidal structure with propeller-like arrangement of the three phenyl groups. Principal reactions with chalcogens, halogens, and acids Oxidation Triphenylphosphine undergoes slow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palladium(II) Acetate
Palladium(II) acetate is a chemical compound of palladium described by the formula d(O2CCH3)2sub>n, abbreviated d(OAc)2sub>n. It is more reactive than the analogous platinum compound. Depending on the value of n, the compound is soluble in many organic solvents and is commonly used as a catalyst for organic reactions. Structure With a 1:2 stoichiometric ratio of palladium atoms and acetate ligands, the compound exists as molecular and polymeric forms with the trimeric form being the dominant form in the solid state and in solution. Pd achieves approximate square planar coordination in both forms. As prepared by Geoffrey Wilkinson and coworkers in 1965 and later characterized by Skapski and Smart in 1970 by single crystal X-ray diffraction, palladium(II) acetate is a red-brown solid that crystallizes as monoclinic plates. It has a trimeric structure, consisting of an equilateral triangle of Pd atoms each pair of which is bridged with two acetate groups in a butterfly conformat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,4-Benzoquinone
1,4-Benzoquinone, commonly known as ''para''-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H4O2. In a pure state, it forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde. This six-membered ring compound is the oxidized derivative of 1,4-hydroquinone. The molecule is multifunctional: it exhibits properties of a ketone, being able to form oximes; an oxidant, forming the dihydroxy derivative; and an alkene, undergoing addition reactions, especially those typical for α,β-unsaturated ketones. 1,4-Benzoquinone is sensitive toward both strong mineral acids and alkali, which cause condensation and decomposition of the compound. Preparation 1,4-Benzoquinone is prepared industrially by oxidation of hydroquinone, which can be obtained by several routes. One route involves oxidation of diisopropylbenzene and the Hock rearrangement. The net reaction can be represented as follows: :C6H4(CHMe2)2 + 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DMO From MeOH Via Oxidative Carbonylation
DMO may refer to: * Dilute Magnetic Oxide, a type of functional semiconducting oxide with applications in Spintronics * Debt Management Office, an executive agency of the United Kingdom government * Defence Materiel Organisation, a former agency of the government of Australia * Destination Management Organization, a program of the government of Indonesia; see Tourism in Indonesia#Destination Management Organization * Destination marketing organization, an organization that promotes a place in order to increase the number of visitors * Digimon Masters Online, a massively multiplayer online role-playing video game * Director of Military Operations, a position at the UK War Office * DirectX Media Objects, a multimedia software API from Microsoft * Domodedovo Airlines, a former airline, headquartered at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow * Kemezung language, a language native to Cameroon with ISO 639-3 code dmo * '' Warhammer 40,000: Dark Millennium Online'', a multiplayer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DMO Synthesis Summary
DMO may refer to: * Dilute Magnetic Oxide, a type of functional semiconducting oxide with applications in Spintronics * Debt Management Office, an executive agency of the United Kingdom government * Defence Materiel Organisation, a former agency of the government of Australia * Destination Management Organization, a program of the government of Indonesia; see Tourism in Indonesia#Destination Management Organization * Destination marketing organization, an organization that promotes a place in order to increase the number of visitors * Digimon Masters Online, a massively multiplayer online role-playing video game * Director of Military Operations, a position at the UK War Office * DirectX Media Objects, a multimedia software API from Microsoft * Domodedovo Airlines, a former airline, headquartered at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow * Kemezung language, a language native to Cameroon with ISO 639-3 code dmo * '' Warhammer 40,000: Dark Millennium Online'', a multiplayer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
