Dihydrophenanthrene

picture info	Dihydrophenanthrene Phenanthrenoids are chemical compounds formed with a phenanthrene backbone. These compounds occur naturally in plants, although they can also be synthesized. Phenanthrols Phenanthrols are any of five isomeric phenols derived from phenanthrene ( 1-phenanthrol, 2-phenanthrol, 3-phenanthrol, 4-phenanthrol, 9-phenanthrol). These molecules can be biomarkers of smoking and/or PAH worker exposure. Chemistry Under UV irradiation, stilbene and its derivatives undergo intramolecular cyclization to form dihydrophenanthrenes. Natural occurrences Phenanthrenes have been reported from flowering plants, mainly in the family Orchidaceae, and a few in the families Dioscoreaceae, Combretaceae and Betulaceae, as well as in the lower plant class Marchantiophyta (liverworts). The rhizome of ''Dioscorea communis'' contains phenanthrenes ( 7-hydroxy-2,3,4,8-tetramethoxyphenanthrene, 2,3,4-trimethoxy-7,8-methylenedioxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxy-2,4,-dimethoxy-7,8-methylenedioxyphenanthrene, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Stilbene Photocyclization In organic chemistry, the Mallory reaction is a photochemical-cyclization– elimination reaction of diaryl-ethylene structures to form phenanthrenes and other polycyclic form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heteroaromatics.Mallory, F. B.; Mallory, C. W. '' Org. React.'' 1984, ''30'', 1. This name reaction is named for Frank Mallory, who discovered it while a graduate student. Under UV irradiation, stilbene and its derivatives undergo intramolecular cyclization to form dihydrophenanthrenes. In the presence of an oxidant, the dihydrophenanthrenes aromatize to give polycyclic aromatics. Typically, the dihydrophenanthrenes themselves are relatively unstable, and revert to ''cis''-stilbenes in the absence of a hydrogen-trapping agent. Suitably substituted stilbenes may undergo irreversible, rearomatizing elimination or ,nshift processes in the absence of an oxidant. Aryl enynes, heteroatomic stilbene derivatives (e.g. amides), and substrates containing a single heteroatom in pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Dioscorea Communis ''Dioscorea communis'' or ''Tamus communis'' is a species of flowering plant in the yam family Dioscoreaceae and is commonly known as black bryony, lady's-seal or black bindweed. Description It is a climbing herbaceous plant growing to 2–4 m tall, with stems that twine anticlockwise. The leaves are spirally arranged, heart-shaped, up to 10 cm long and 8 cm broad, with a petiole up to 5 cm long. It is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The flowers are individually inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, 3–6 mm diameter, with six petals; the male flowers produced in slender 5–10 cm racemes, the female flowers in shorter clusters. The fruit is a bright red berry, 1 cm diameter. Its fairly large tuber is, like the rest of the plant, poisonous. Distribution ''Dioscorea communis'' is native and widespread throughout southern and central Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia, from Ireland to the Canary Islands, east to Iran and Crimea. Habi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Phenanthrene Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a colorless, crystal-like solid, but can also appear yellow. Phenanthrene is used to make dyes, plastics and pesticides, explosives and drugs. It has also been used to make bile acids, cholesterol and steroids. Phenanthrene occurs naturally and also is a man-made chemical. Commonly, humans are exposed to phenanthrene through inhalation of cigarette smoke but there are many routes of exposure. Animal studies have shown that phenanthrene is a potential carcinogen. However, according to IARC, it is not identified as a probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen. Phenanthrene's three fused rings are angled as in the phenacenes, rather than straight as in the acenes. The compound with a phenanthrene skeleton and nitrogens at the 4 and 5 positions is known as phenanthroline. Chemistry Phenanthrene is nearly insoluble in water but is soluble in most low pola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Alseodaphne Perakensis ''Alseodaphne'' is a genus of plants in the family Lauraceae, endemic to China and Southeast Asia. The genus has 96 species of evergreen trees to shrubs. They have bisexual flowers, a fruit stalk that is red, green, or yellow, and black fruit.''Alseodaphne''. Flora of China. Species include: * ''Alseodaphne albifrons'' * ''Alseodaphne andersonii'' * ''Alseodaphne bancana'' * ''Alseodaphne birmanica'' * ''Alseodaphne borneensis'' * ''Alseodaphne cavaleriei'' * '' Alseodaphne dura'' * ''Alseodaphne elmeri'' * ''Alseodaphne elongata'' * '' Alseodaphne foxiana'' * '' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Juncus Acutus ''Juncus acutus'', the spiny rush, sharp rush or sharp-pointed rush, is a flowering plant in the monocot family Juncaceae found throughout the Americas, Northern and Southern Africa, Western and Southern Europe and West Asia. It grows in salt marshes and on dunes and is reliable for reducing erosion rates. In some countries like Australia it is considered to be an invasive weed and the spines harmful to young children. Synonyms ''Juncus acutus'' ssp. ''leopoldii'' (Parl.) Snog. -- Leopold's rush ''Juncus acutus'' L. var. ''sphaerocarpus'' Engelm ''Juncus acutus'' L. subsp. ''acutus'' ''Juncus spinosus'' Forssk ''Juncus acutus'' ssp. ''leopoldii'' also known as ''Leopold's rush'' is a native of Arizona, California, Georgia and Nevada. ''Juncus acutus'' L. var. ''conglobatus'' Trautv ''Juncus acutus'' L. var. ''decompositus'' Guss ''Juncus acutus'' L. var. ''longibracteatus'' Buchenau Description ''Juncus acutus'' is a brown and green " tussocky" perennial that can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Gymnopusin Gymnopusin is a phenanthrenediol produced by the orchid ''Bulbophyllum gymnopus''. It is also found in ''Bulbophyllum reptans'' and ''Maxillaria densa ''Maxillaria densa'', the crowded maxillaria, is a species of orchid ranging from Mexico south to Nicaragua. Gymnopusin Gymnopusin is a phenanthrenediol produced by the orchid '' Bulbophyllum gymnopus''. It is also found in '' Bulbophyllum rep ...''.Phytotoxicity and ultrastructural effects of gymnopusin from the orchid Maxillaria densa on duckweed (Lemna pausicostata) frond and root tissues. Valencia-Islas NA, Paul RN, Shier WT, Mata R and Abbas HK, Phytochemistry, 2002, volume 61, issue 2, pages 141-148, , References External links Gymnopusin at kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp Phenanthrenoids Orchids {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Dendrobium ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including China, Japan, India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea, Vietnam and many of the islands of the Pacific. Orchids in this genus have roots that creep over the surface of trees or rocks, rarely having their roots in soil. Up to six leaves develop in a tuft at the tip of a shoot and from one to a large number of flowers are arranged along an unbranched flowering stem. Several attempts have been made to separate ''Dendrobium'' into smaller genera, but most have not been accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Description ''Dendrobium'' species are mostly epiphytic, or lithophytic although a few species are terrestrial. They are sympodial herbs with cylindrical roots usually arising from the base of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Eria ''Eria'' is a genus of orchids with more than 50 species distributed in China, the Himalayas, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia. Species ''Eria'' species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of February 2021: ''Eria albescens'' ''Eria aurantiaca'' ''Eria bancana'' ''Eria berringtoniana'' '' Eria bifalcis'' '' Eria bigibba'' ''Eria binabayensis'' ''Eria carolettae'' ''Eria chlorantha'' ''Eria clausa'' ''Eria compressoclavata'' ''Eria convallariopsis'' ''Eria coronaria'' ''Eria curtisii'' ''Eria dayana'' ''Eria decipiens'' '' Eria floribunda'' '' Eria gagnepainii'' '' Eria geboana'' '' Eria genuflexa'' '' Eria halconensis'' '' Eria imbricata'' '' Eria imitans'' '' Eria imperatifolia'' ''Eria javanica'' '' Eria kaniensis'' ''Eria lactiflora'' ''Eria micholitziana'' '' Eria nepalensis'' '' Eria oblonga'' '' Eria odorifera'' '' Eria pachycephala'' '' Eria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]