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De-policing
De-policing is a term for police disengaging from active police work, generally as a reaction to external scrutiny or negative publicity. De-policing represents a de facto police strike, in which the police withdraw an aspect of their crime prevention services. It is a practical police protest at perceived political interference in their day-to-day task of policing. Conservative author Heather Mac Donald offered another interpretation for the term "de-policing". In her book ''The War on Cops'', she used the term as the antithesis for pro-active policing in general. In the light of the 2014 killing of Eric Garner in Staten Island, New York and criticism of "broken windows" policing, MacDonald used the term ''de-policing'' to describe the NYPD's policy of backing away from actively pursuing stop-and-frisk procedures as a primary method of crime prevention. According to a 2019 study, there is no evidence that de-policing contributes to city homicide rates. A 2017 FBI study suggested ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferguson Effect
The Ferguson effect is an increase in violent crime rates in a community caused by reduced proactive policing due to the community's distrust and hostility towards police. The Ferguson effect was first proposed after police saw an increase in violence following the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri. The term was coined by Doyle Sam Dotson III, the chief of the St. Louis police, to account for an increased murder rate in some U.S. cities following the Ferguson unrest. Whether the Ferguson effect really exists is subject of discussions with many published studies reporting contradicting findings concerning whether there is a change in crime rates, number of 911 calls, homicides, and proactive policing. Furthermore, the effect and influence of the portrayal of police brutality in the media is also contested. Background The term was coined by St. Louis police chief Sam Dotson in a 2014 column in the ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch''. Dotson said in the column that, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Police Strike
A police strike is a potential tactic when law enforcement workers are embroiled in a labour dispute. Sometimes military personnel are called in to keep order or discipline the strikers. Police strikes have the potential to cause civil unrest. List of police strikes Europe * Great Britain (1918, 1919) * Paris general strike during Liberation (1944) * Ljubljana (1993) *Ireland (1998) * Amsterdam (2007) * Ljubljana (2010) North America * 1919 Winnipeg General Strike * Boston Police Strike (1919) * Detroit (1967) * Youngstown, Ohio (1967) *Cicero Police Department, Illinois (1969) *Berwyn Police, Illinois (1969) *Des Plaines Police, Illinois (1969) *Harvey Police Illinois (1969) *Waukegan, Illinois (1970) *Lake County Sheriffs Police, Illinois (1970) *Skokie Police, Illinois (1970) *Wheeling Police, Illinois (1970) *Skokie, Illinois (1975) *Maywood Police Department * Montreal, Quebec (1969) * New York City (1971), * Baltimore (1974) * San Francisco (1975), * Cleveland ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Police Strike
A police strike is a potential tactic when law enforcement workers are embroiled in a labour dispute. Sometimes military personnel are called in to keep order or discipline the strikers. Police strikes have the potential to cause civil unrest. List of police strikes Europe * Great Britain (1918, 1919) * Paris general strike during Liberation (1944) * Ljubljana (1993) *Ireland (1998) * Amsterdam (2007) * Ljubljana (2010) North America * 1919 Winnipeg General Strike * Boston Police Strike (1919) * Detroit (1967) * Youngstown, Ohio (1967) *Cicero Police Department, Illinois (1969) *Berwyn Police, Illinois (1969) *Des Plaines Police, Illinois (1969) *Harvey Police Illinois (1969) *Waukegan, Illinois (1970) *Lake County Sheriffs Police, Illinois (1970) *Skokie Police, Illinois (1970) *Wheeling Police, Illinois (1970) *Skokie, Illinois (1975) *Maywood Police Department * Montreal, Quebec (1969) * New York City (1971), * Baltimore (1974) * San Francisco (1975), * Cleveland ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heather Mac Donald
Heather Lynn Mac Donald (born November 23, 1956) is an American conservative political commentator, essayist, attorney, and author.Charles C. W. Cooke, February 26, 2014, National ReviewYes, Atheism and Conservatism are Possible: You needn’t believe in God to believe in the American constitutional order Retrieved November 6, 2015, "...If atheism and conservatism are incompatible, then I am not a conservative. And nor, I am given to understand, are George Will, Charles Krauthammer, Anthony Daniels, Walter Olson, Heather Mac Donald, James Taranto, Allahpundit, or S. E. Cupp...." She is a Thomas W. Smith Fellow of the Manhattan Institute and a contributing editor of the institute's '' City Journal.'' She has written numerous editorials and is the author of several books. She is known for her pro-police views and her opposition to criminal justice reform, as expressed in her book ''The War on Cops'' and columns such as "The Myth of the Racist Cop" and "The Myth of Systemic Police R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Killing Of Eric Garner
On July 17, 2014, Eric Garner was killed in the New York City borough of Staten Island after Daniel Pantaleo, a New York City Police Department (NYPD) officer, put him in a prohibited chokehold while arresting him. Video footage of the incident generated widespread national attention and raised questions about the use of force by law enforcement. NYPD officers approached Garner on July 17 on suspicion of selling single cigarettes from packs without tax stamps. After Garner told the police that he was tired of being harassed and that he was not selling cigarettes, the officers attempted to arrest Garner. When Pantaleo placed his hands on Garner, Garner pulled his arms away. Pantaleo then placed his arm around Garner's neck and wrestled him to the ground. With multiple officers pinning him down, Garner repeated the words "I can't breathe" 11 times while lying face down on the sidewalk. After Garner lost consciousness, he remained lying on the sidewalk for seven minutes while th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broken Windows Theory
In criminology, the broken windows theory states that visible signs of crime, anti-social behavior and civil disorder create an urban environment that encourages further crime and disorder, including serious crimes. The theory suggests that policing methods that target minor crimes such as vandalism, loitering, public drinking, jaywalking, and fare evasion help to create an atmosphere of order and lawfulness. The theory was introduced in a 1982 article by social scientists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling. It was popularized in the 1990s by New York City police commissioner William Bratton and mayor Rudy Giuliani, whose policing policies were influenced by the theory. The theory became subject to debate both within the social sciences and the public sphere. Broken windows policing has been enforced with controversial police practices, such as the high use of stop-and-frisk in New York City in the decade up to 2013. In response, Bratton and Kelling have written that broken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York City Police Department
The New York City Police Department (NYPD), officially the City of New York Police Department, established on May 23, 1845, is the primary municipal law enforcement agency within the City of New York, the largest and one of the oldest in the United States. The NYPD headquarters is at 1 Police Plaza, located on Park Row in Lower Manhattan near City Hall. The NYPD's regulations are compiled in title 38 of the ''New York City Rules''. The NYC Transit Police and NYC Housing Authority Police Department were fully integrated into the NYPD in 1995. Dedicated units of the NYPD include the Emergency Service Unit, K9, harbor patrol, highway patrol, air support, bomb squad, counter-terrorism, criminal intelligence, anti-organized crime, narcotics, mounted patrol, public transportation, and public housing units. The NYPD employs over 50,000 people, including more than 35,000 uniformed officers. According to the official CompStat database, the NYPD responded to nearly 500,00 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stop-and-frisk In New York City
Frisking (also called a patdown or pat down) is a search of a person's outer clothing wherein a person runs their hands along the outer garments of another to detect any concealed weapons or objects. U.S. Law In the United States, a law enforcement officer may briefly detain a person upon reasonable suspicion of involvement in a crime but short of probable cause to arrest; such a detention is known as a ''Terry'' stop. When a search for weapons is also authorized, the procedure is known as a stop and frisk. To justify the stop, a law enforcement officer must be able to point to "specific and articulable facts" that would indicate to a reasonable person that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be committed. If the officer reasonably suspects that the suspect is in possession of a weapon that is of danger to the officer or others, the officer may conduct a frisking of the suspect's outer garments to search for weapons. The search must be limited to what is necessary to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shooting Of Michael Brown
On August 9, 2014, 18-year-old Michael Brown was shot and killed by police officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis. Brown was accompanied by his 22-year-old male friend Dorian Johnson, who later stated that Brown had robbed a convenience store before the shooting occurred. Wilson, a white male Ferguson police officer, said that an altercation ensued when Brown attacked him in his police vehicle for control of Wilson's service pistol. The struggle continued until the pistol fired. Johnson said that Wilson initiated a confrontation by grabbing Brown by the neck through Wilson's patrol car window, threatening him and then shooting at him. At this point, both Wilson and Johnson state that Brown and Johnson fled, with Wilson pursuing Brown shortly thereafter. Wilson stated that Brown stopped and charged him after a short pursuit. Johnson contradicted this account, stating that Brown turned around with his hands raised after Wilson shot at his back. Acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferguson, Missouri
Ferguson is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. It is part of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area. Per the 2020 census, the population was 18,527. History What is now the city of Ferguson was founded in 1855, when William B. Ferguson deeded of land to the Wabash Railroad in exchange for a new depot and naming rights. The settlement that sprang up around the depot was called Ferguson Station. Ferguson was the first railroad station connected directly to St. Louis. The station is a focal point of the city's history and is depicted on the city flag, designed in 1994. Ferguson's first schoolhouse was built in 1878. Ferguson was incorporated as a city in 1894. Emerson Electric moved its headquarters to Ferguson during the 20th century. Until the 1960s, Ferguson was a sundown town where African Americans were not allowed to remain after nightfall. Ferguson made frequent worldwide headlines for months following the 2014 killing of Michael Brown Jr. by a police ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltimore
Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was designated an independent city by the Constitution of Maryland in 1851, and today is the most populous independent city in the United States. As of 2021, the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be 2,838,327, making it the 20th largest metropolitan area in the country. Baltimore is located about north northeast of Washington, D.C., making it a principal city in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA), the third-largest CSA in the nation, with a 2021 estimated population of 9,946,526. Prior to European colonization, the Baltimore region was used as hunting grounds by the Susquehannock Native Americans, who were primarily settled further northwest than where the city was later built. Colonist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bill Dedman
Bill Dedman (born 1960) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American journalist, an investigative reporter for ''Newsday'', and co-author of the biography of reclusive heiress Huguette Clark, '' Empty Mansions: The Mysterious Life of Huguette Clark and the Spending of a Great American Fortune''. Often relying on public records as much as insider accounts, Dedman has reported and written influential investigative articles on racial discrimination by mortgage lenders and real estate agents, racial profiling by police, interrogation of detainees at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, and efforts to understand and prevent school shootings. His work includes one of the early examinations, in 1990, of the cover-up by the Roman Catholic Church of allegations of sexual abuse by a priest. The Color of Money In 1989, Dedman received the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting for ''The Color of Money'', his series of articles in 1988 in Bill Kovach's ''The Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' on ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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