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Confraternity Of Belchite
The Confraternity of Belchite was an "experimental" community of knights founded in 1122 by Alfonso the Battler, king of Aragon and Navarre, and lasting until shortly after 1136. Members could enlist permanently or for a set time, vowing "never to live at peace with the pagans but to devote all their days to molesting and fighting them".Fletcher, "Reconquest and Crusade", 45–46. When the Emperor Alfonso VII confirmed the charter of the confraternity, he specified that it existed "for the defence of Christians and the oppression of Saracens". A Christian organisation dedicated to a holy war against Muslims (''reconquista''), its impetus and development coincide with that of the international military orders and it introduced the concept of an indulgence proportional to length of service. The confraternity may have used a palm tree as its emblem. The contemporary historian Orderic Vitalis called them ''Fratres de Palmis'', 'brothers of the palm'. History In 1117 Alfonso the Battl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calle De Belchite
Calle means "street" in Spanish and Venetian. Calle may also refer to: Places *Calle-Calle River, southern Chile *Stations of the TransMilenio mass-transit system of Bogotá, Colombia: **Suba Calle 95 (TransMilenio) ** Suba Calle 100 (TransMilenio) **NQS Calle 75 (TransMilenio) **Calle 40 Sur (TransMilenio) **Calle 45 (TransMilenio) **Calle 85 (TransMilenio) **NQS Calle 38 A Sur (TransMilenio) Film and television *'' Calle 7'', a Chilean TV Show *''Calle 54'' (2000), a documentary film Music *Calle 13 (band), a Puerto Rican hip hop band *Calle Ciega, a boy band *"Calle Ocho" (2009), a hip hop song by Pitbull Other uses *Calle (name) See also *Cable (other) *Cale (other) *Call (other) *Calla (other) *Caller (other) *Callie (other) *Cally (other) Cally is an English feminine given name of Greek origins as a diminutive form of "Callandra". It is also an English feminine given name that is a form of Carrie and a dimin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Berengar IV Of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer IV (; c. 1114 – 6 August 1162, Anglicized Raymond Berengar IV), sometimes called ''the Saint'', was the count of Barcelona who brought about the union of the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon to form the Crown of Aragon. Early reign Ramon Berenguer was born 1114, the son of Count Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Countess Douce I of Provence. He inherited the county of Barcelona from his father Ramon Berenguer III on 19 August 1131. On 11 August 1137, at the age of about 24, he was betrothed to the infant Petronilla of Aragon, aged one at the time. Petronilla's father, King Ramiro II of Aragon, who sought Barcelona's aid against King Alfonso VII of Leon, withdrew from public life on 13 November 1137, leaving his kingdom to Petronilla and Ramon Berenguer, the latter in effect becoming ruler of Aragon, although he was never king himself, instead commonly using the titles "Count of the Barcelonans and Prince of the Aragonians" (''Comes Barcinonensis e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ribāṭ
A ribāṭ ( ar, رِبَـاط; hospice, hostel, base or retreat) is an Arabic term for a small fortification built along a frontier during the first years of the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb to house military volunteers, called ''murabitun'', and shortly after they also appeared along the Byzantine frontier, where they attracted converts from Greater Khorasan, an area that would become known as al-ʻAwāṣim in the ninth century CE. These fortifications later served to protect commercial routes, as caravanserais, and as centers for isolated Muslim communities as well as serving as places of piety. The word ''ribat'' in its abstract refers to voluntary defense of Islam, which is why ribats were originally used to house those who fought to defend Islam in jihad. They can also be referred to by other names such as ''khanqah'', most commonly used in Iran, and ''tekke'', most commonly used in Turkey. Classically, ribat referred to the guard duty at a frontier outpost in ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Antonio Conde
José Antonio Conde y García (1766–1820) was a Spanish Orientalist and historian of Al-Andalus period. His ''Anacreon'' (1791) obtained him a post in the royal library in 1795. He also published several paraphrases of Greek classics. These were followed in 1799 by an edition of the Arabic text of Muhammad al-Idrisi's ''Description of Spain'', with notes and a translation. As an afrancesado, he fled Spain in 1813, but returned a year later and was eventually reinstated to his honors. His ''magnum opus'', the three-volume ''Historia de la Dominación de los Árabes en España,'' was published after his death. Career Conde was educated at the university of Alcalá. He published a translation of the works of the Greek poet ''Anacreon'' in 1795. In 1796–1797, he published paraphrases from Theocritus, Bion, Moschus, Sappho and Meleager. In 1799, these were followed by an edition of the Arabic text of Muhammad al-Idrisi's ''Description of Spain'', with notes and a tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wetheman
Wetheman or Vedeman (died c. 1170) was a Danish nobleman who in 1151 or 1152 founded a lay confraternity in Roskilde to help fight the pagan Wends. A layman, he was its first commander and led the defence of the coast from Wendish pirates. He also played a prominent role in the crusades and wars of King Valdemar I and Bishop Absalon of Roskilde. In 1164, the king put him in charge of the town of Wolgast after its capture. Wetheman and his confraternity are known only from the chronicle of Saxo Grammaticus, who was writing around 1200. He appears to have had access to a copy of the confraternity's statutes. According to his paraphrase, all members of the confraternity were equal in status. Before battle, they made confession as if dying. On campaign, their behaviour was ascetic. They took little food and slept at their oars. If any Christian captives of the Wends were recovered on campaign, they were to be clothed and freed. They otherwise had the right to the booty, but if the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historia Compostellana
The (fully titled in la, De rebus gestis D. Didaci Gelmirez, primi Compostellani Archiepiscopi) is an anonymously-written historical chronicle based on the relation of events by a writer in the immediate circle of Diego Gelmírez, second bishop (1100–1120) then first archbishop (1120–1140) of Compostela, one of the major figures of the Middle Ages in Galicia. The narrative of the ''Historia Compostelana'' spans the years 1100 – 1139, the years of Gelmírez' tenure, in three books. Its twofold central agenda is to extol the Archbishop's doings, while establishing the foundation and rights of Santiago de Compostela, including its founding legend, which provided apostolic connections with Saint James the Great. The bishopric had been transferred from Iria Flavia to Compostela as recently as 1095. From a Galician perspective the ''Historia'' recounts the reigns of the contemporary sovereigns of Castile: Alfonso VI (until 1109), Urraca (1109–1126) and Alfonso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Cutanda
The Battle of Cutanda or Batalla de Cutanda was a battle in June of the year 1120 between the forces of Alfonso I the Battler and an army led by Almoravid general Ibrahim ibn Yusuf occurring in a place called Cutanda, near Calamocha (Teruel), in which the Almoravid army was defeated by the combined forces, mainly of Aragon and Navarre. Alfonso I was aided by William IX, Duke of Aquitaine who dispatched French troops to aid the Christian forces in the battle. The Almoravid Emir, Ali ibn Yusuf sent his general Ibrahim ibn Yusuf to intercept the Christian forces near Calamocha. The Muslim and Christian armies met at a place known as Cutanda where the battle ensued. The Almoravid army was destroyed and their general, Ibrahim, killed. After this battle the Aragonese captured the fortified towns of Calatayud and Daroca Daroca is a city and municipality in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, situated to the south of the city of Zaragoza. It is the center of a judicial district ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1113–1115 Balearic Islands Expedition
In 1114, an expedition to the Balearic Islands, then a Muslim ''taifa'', was launched in the form of a Crusade. Founded on a treaty of 1113 between the Republic of Pisa and Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, the expedition had the support of Pope Paschal II and the participation of many lords of Catalonia and Occitania, as well as contingents from northern and central Italy, Sardinia, and Corsica. The Crusaders were perhaps inspired by the Norwegian king Sigurd I's attack on Formentera in 1108 or 1109 during the Norwegian Crusade. The expedition ended in 1115 in the conquest of the Balearics, but only until the next year. The main source for the event is the Pisan '' Liber maiolichinus'', completed by 1125. Treaty and preparations In 1085 Pope Gregory VII had granted suzerainty over the Balearics to Pisa.Charles Julian Bishko (1975)"The Spanish and Portuguese Reconquest, 1095–1492" ''A History of the Crusades, Vol. 3: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries'', ed. Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knights Templar
, colors = White mantle with a red cross , colors_label = Attire , march = , mascot = Two knights riding a single horse , equipment = , equipment_label = , battles = The Crusades, including: , anniversaries = , decorations = , battle_honours = , commander1 = Hugues de Payens , commander1_label = First Grand Master , commander2 = Jacques de Molay , commander2_label = Last Grand Master , commander3 = , commander3_label = , notable_commanders = The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon ( la, Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici), also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple, the Knights Templar, or simply the Templars, was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic Church, Catholic Military order (religious society), military order. It was headquartered in the Kingdom of Jerusalem until 1291, on the island of Hospitaller Rhodes, Rhodes from 1310 until 1522, in Hospitaller Malta, Malta from 1530 until 1798 and at Saint Petersburg from 1799 until 1801. Today several organizations continue the Hospitaller tradition, specifically the mutually recognized orders of St. John, which are the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the Order of Saint John (chartered 1888), Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John, the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg), Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John, the Order of Saint John in the Netherlands, and the Order of Saint John in Sweden. The Hospitallers arose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guido Pisano
Guido Pisano (died 1149) was a prelate and diplomat from Pisa. He probably belonged to the family of the counts of Caprona, and was promoted to the College of Cardinals and appointed to the deaconry of Santi Cosma e Damiano by Pope Innocent II on 4 March 1132.His first charter subscription as a cardinal dates from 8 March, cf. S. Freund"Guido (Guido Pisano)" ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani''. Between 10 and 11 December 1146 he was created Papal chancellor by the Pisan Pope Eugene III.Richard A. Fletcher (1984), ''Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press)Appendix E 327. He was widely travelled, intervening in Spain, Portugal, France and Germany, and well-connected, to Wibald, to Anselm of Havelberg and to a succession of popes as well as several emperors and kings. Guido served as a Papal legate to the Spaniards on three occasions. His first visit probably took place in 1133–34, his second i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal Legate
300px, A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate. A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title ''legatus'') is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church. He is empowered on matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters. The legate is appointed directly by the pope—the bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, a sovereign or to a large body of believers (such as a national church) or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars. The term ''legation'' is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is ''legatine''. History 200px, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, papal legate to England during the reign of Hen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
