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Cladodus
''Cladodus'' is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes in the family Cladoselachidae. As the name implies, they are a type of cladodont, primitive sharks with teeth designed to snag fish and swallow them whole, instead of sawing off chunks to swallow. Fossils of ''Cladodus'' have been found in Barkip, Scotland and in the Pitkin Formation (Carboniferous period) in Arkansas, United States. In addition, fossils attributable to ''Cladodus'' are known from the Manning Canyon Shale of Carboniferous age in the state of Utah. Species *†''Cladodus alternatus'' St. John & Worthen, 1875 *†''Cladodus angulatus'' Newberry & Worthen, 1866 *†''Cladodus bellifer'' St. John & Worthen, 1875 *†''Cladodus divaricatus'' Trautschold, 1874 *†''Cladodus elegans'' Newberry & Worthen, 1870 Remains (braincase and a tooth) have been found in Scotland (Clackmannan Group). *†''Cladodus eriensis'' Bryant, 1935 *†''Cladodus formosus'' Hay, 1902 *†''Cladodus gailensis'' Feichtinge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Prehistoric Cartilaginous Fish Genera
This list of prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the class chondrichthyes ''and'' are known from the fossil record. This list excludes purely vernacular terms, genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered to be cartilaginous fish. It includes all commonly accepted genera. This list currently contains 804 generic names. * Extinct genera are marked by a dagger ( †). * Extant taxon genera are bolded. Naming conventions and terminology Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include: * Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clackmannan Group
The Clackmannan Group is the name given to a suite of rocks of late Dinantian and Namurian age laid down during the Carboniferous period in the Midland Valley of Scotland. Description The Group comprises a lower unit of coarse sandstones, siltstones, mudstone, and limestones with thin coals and ironstones known as the Lower Limestone Formation, an overlying sequence of similar rocks known as the Limestone Coal Formation, then an Upper Limestone Formation and at its top the sandstones of the Passage Formation. This last formation also includes fireclays, siltstones, mudstones, ironstones, coal and seatrocks. The Clackmannan Group conformably overlays the rocks of the Strathclyde Group and underlays the Coal Measures, this latter boundary also being conformable In mathematics, a matrix is conformable if its dimensions are suitable for defining some operation (''e.g.'' addition, multiplication, etc.). Examples * If two matrices have the same dimensions (number of rows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladoselachidae
Cladoselachidae is an extinct family of holocephalian cartilaginous fishes closely related to Symmoriiformes Symmoriiformes is an extinct order of holocephalians. Originally named Symmoriida by Zangerl (1981), it has subsequently been known by several other names. Lund (1986) synonymized the group with Cladodontida, while Maisey (2008) corrected the nam .... They are the only members of the order Cladoselachiformes and were characterized by having an elongated body with a spine in each of the two dorsal fins. References Cladoselachiformes ''Dictionary of Zoology'' (1999).Evolution and paleontology (fish) Animal Aqua. Devonian sharks Carboniferous sharks Permian sharks Prehistoric cartilaginous fish families Devonian first appearances Permian extinctions {{paleo-shark-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladodont
This is a typical Cladodont tooth, of a shark called ''Glikmanius''">Glikmanius.html" ;"title="shark called ''Glikmanius">shark called ''Glikmanius'' Cladodont (from Latin cladus, meaning branch and Greek Odon, meaning tooth) is the term for a common category of early Devonian shark known primarily for its "multi-cusped" tooth consisting of one long blade surrounded by many short, fork-like tines, designed to catch food that was swallowed whole, instead of being used to saw off chunks of meat like many modern sharks. The skinny teeth would puncture and grasp the prey, keeping it from wriggling free. Because the most common fossil evidence of cartilaginous fish is teeth, this term is also used for the fossilised teeth themselves. History The fossil tooth of '' Cladodus belifer'', which lived about 260,000,000 years ago in what would someday be Illinois. The roundness of the main tooth, and the small tines around it, show it to be a cladodont. The earliest known shark, ''Clado ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barkip
Barkip, also known as The Den, is a hamlet in North Ayrshire, Scotland about southwest of Beith on the A737 road to Dalry. The earliest recorded name is 'Blairkip'.Roy's Map Retrieved : 18 February 2012 In the Gaelic language, the name Barkip comes from ''bar'' ("top"), and ''kip'' ("a rank of soldiers"). It is not clear when or why the name 'The Den' started to be used although it appears in the local press as both in 1898, however in Scots as in old English one meaning is 'A hollow between hills,' which is certainly an accurate description of the geography of the area that Barkip lies in. Following construction of a new road, Barkip no longer sits on the ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitkin Formation
The Pitkin Formation, or Pitkin Limestone, is a fossiliferous geologic formation in northern Arkansas that dates to the Chesterian Series of the late Mississippian. This formation was first named the "Archimedes Limestone" by David Dale Owen in 1858, but was replaced in 1904. The Pitkin conformably overlies the Fayetteville Shale and unconformably underlies the Pennsylvanian-age Hale Formation. Some workers have considered the top of the Pitkin Formation to be a separate formation called the Imo Formation. However more recently, others have considered it as an informal member of the Pitkin Formation. Paleofauna Early work aimed at creating a comprehensive list for all fossils found in the Pitkin Formation was done by Easton in 1943. Unless otherwise stated, all species below can be found in his 'Fauna of the Pitkin Formation.' Formanifera *'' Archaediscus'' :''A. stilus'' *'' Asteroarchaediscus'' :''A. rugosus'' *'' Earlandia'' *'' Endothyra'' :''E. kleina'' :''E. phrissa'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tine (structural)
Tines (; also spelled tynes), prongs or teeth are parallel or branching spikes forming parts of a tool or natural object. They are used to spear, hook, move or otherwise act on other objects. They may be made of metal, wood, bone or other hard, strong materials. The number of tines on tools varies widely – a pitchfork may have just two, a garden fork may have four, and a rake or harrow many. Tines may be blunt, such as those on a fork used as an eating utensil; or sharp, as on a pitchfork; or even barbed, as on a trident. The terms ''tine'' and ''prong'' are mostly interchangeable. A tooth of a comb is a tine. The term is also used on musical instruments such as the Jew's harp, tuning fork, guitaret, electric piano, music box or mbira which contain long protruding metal spikes ("tines") which are plucked to produce notes. Tines and prongs occur in nature—for example, forming the branched bony antlers of deer or the forked horns of pronghorn antelopes. The term ''tine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Trautschold
, citizenship = German Empire, Russian Empire , nationality = German , field = geology and paleontology , work_institutions = University of GiessenPetrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy , alma_mater = University of Giessen , doctoral_advisor = Justus von Liebig , doctoral_students = , notable_students = , footnotes = His brother Wilhelm Trautschold was a painter. , known_for = , prizes = Gustav Heinrich Ludwig Hermann Trautschold (russian: Ге́рман Адо́льфович Траутшо́льд, tr. ; 17 September 1817 – October 22, 1902) was a German-Russian geologist and paleontologist and also pharmacist. From 1869-1888 he was a professor at the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy. Trautschold was known as a specialist in the paleontology and stratigraphy of Carboniferous, Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits of the European part of Russia. He was brother of painter Wilhelm Trautschold. Life Hermann Gustav Heinrich Ludwig Trautsch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil Taxa Described In 1843
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, Seashell, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in #Resin, amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock stratum, strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxa Named By Louis Agassiz
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's system in ''Systema Naturae'', 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first made widely available in 1805 in the intro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elasmobranchii
Elasmobranchii () is a subclass of Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fish, including sharks (superorder Selachii), rays, skates, and sawfish (superorder Batoidea). Members of this subclass are characterised by having five to seven pairs of gill clefts opening individually to the exterior, rigid dorsal fins and small placoid scales on the skin. The teeth are in several series; the upper jaw is not fused to the cranium, and the lower jaw is articulated with the upper. The details of this jaw anatomy vary between species, and help distinguish the different elasmobranch clades. The pelvic fins in males are modified to create claspers for the transfer of sperm. There is no swim bladder; instead, these fish maintain buoyancy with large livers rich in oil. The definition of the clade is unclear with respect to fossil chondrichthyans. It has been used by different authors as equivalent to Neoselachii (the clade including modern sharks and rays and their last common ancestor) or for al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mississippian Fish Of North America
Mississippian may refer to: *Mississippian (geology), a subperiod of the Carboniferous period in the geologic timescale, roughly 360 to 325 million years ago * Mississippian culture, a culture of Native American mound-builders from 900 to 1500 AD *Mississippian Railway, a short line railroad *A native of Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ... See also * Mississippi (other) {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
