Civilian-run Enterprise
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Civilian-run Enterprise
Civilian-run enterprise is a type of company or Business, enterprise to describe a non-state-owned enterprise (state-owned enterprise including companies owned by the state, the central and regional government) in the People's Republic of China. A privately held company is a type of civilian-run enterprise. However, there is no proper legal definition of "civilian-run enterprise" in China. It is considered to be a special Terminology, term in the Economy of China (Minqi () or ). The translation of the term "Minqi" was difficult, as stated by Ye Dong, a Chinese businessman during an interview by the Chinese-language version of the ''Financial Times''. A civilian-run enterprise may be a public company, publicly traded company or a privately held company (any company that is not owned by a government nor listed on the stock exchange). If the company is listed in Hong Kong (and incorporated outside mainland China), it would be referred to as a P chip. Notable civilian-run enterprises in ...
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Company
A company, abbreviated as co., is a Legal personality, legal entity representing an association of people, whether Natural person, natural, Legal person, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Companies take various forms, such as: * voluntary associations, which may include nonprofit organizations * List of legal entity types by country, business entities, whose aim is generating profit * financial entities and banks * programs or Educational institution, educational institutions A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limited liability as members perform or fail to discharge their duty according to the publicly declared Incorporation (business), incorporation, or published policy. When a company closes, it may need to be Liquidation, liquidated to avoid further legal obligations. Companies may associate and collectively register themselves ...
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Fosun International
Fosun International Limited is a Chinese multinational conglomerate holding company. Founded in 1992 by Guo Guangchang and four others, the company is headquartered in Shanghai and was incorporated in Hong Kong in 2004. Its Co-CEOs are Chen Qiyu and Xu Xiaoliang. Wang Qunbin joined Guo Guangchang as co-chairman in early 2020. The company is located in 16 countries and is one of the largest privately owned conglomerates in China. It was ranked 371st on the Forbes Global 2000 ranking in 2020. History 1990s Fosun Group was founded in 1992 as the Guangxin Technology Development Company by five graduates of Fudan University in Shanghai: Guo Guangchang, Liang Xinjun, Wang Qunbin (), Fan Wei (), and Tan Jian (). Fosun started its business by doing market research. The major holding company of the group, Fosun High Technology, was incorporated in 1994 in mainland China. Then Fosun extended its business into the healthcare industry (as Fosun Pharmaceutical), real estate, and ste ...
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Types Of Business Entity
A business entity is an entity that is formed and administered as per corporate law in order to engage in business activities, charitable work, or other activities allowable. Most often, business entities are formed to sell a product or a service. There are many types of business entities defined in the legal systems of various countries. These include corporations, cooperatives, partnerships, sole traders, limited liability companies and other specifically permitted and labelled types of entities. The specific rules vary by country and by state or province. Some of these types are listed below, by country. For guidance, approximate equivalents in the company law of English-speaking countries are given in most cases, for example: *private company limited by shares or Ltd. (UK, Ireland and the Commonwealth) *public limited company (UK, Ireland and the Commonwealth) *limited partnership *general partnership *chartered company *statutory corporation *state-owned enterprise *holding ...
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LeEco
LeEco () is a Chinese company founded by Jia Yueting, the founder of Le.com (formerly LeTV). The group maintains businesses in video streaming, cloud services, software development, consumer electronics, such as smartphones, smart TVs, VR, electric bicycles, electric cars, film production and distribution, real estate, wine, retail, eCommerce, and other business. LeEco has expanded to countries outside of China, such as the United States, India, and Russia. From late 2016 onward, LeEco has been experiencing financial limitations due to aggressive strategic expansion and difficulties in acquiring new funds. As of September 2018, LeEco has sold its remaining ownership of Leshi Zhixin Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. and Le Vision Pictures to Sunac. In October 2018, Le.com formally announced it is not for sale and is exploring solutions to address its financial issues. History The predecessor of the diversified group, Letv (), was founded by Jia Yueting in Beijing in 2004 and was th ...
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Sunac China
Sunac China Holdings Limited, or Sunac (), is a major property developer headquartered in Tianjin, China. The company focuses on large-scale, medium to high-end property developments. It does not only focus on its home market of Tianjin, but also has operations in Beijing, Chongqing, Wuxi and other cities. In July 2017, Sunac reached a $9.3 billion deal to buy Dalian Wanda's tourism projects and hotels, forming the second-biggest real estate deal ever in China at the time. History Sunac was founded in 2003 in Tianjin by Sun Hongbin, previously the founder, chairman, and CEO of Sunco Group. It was listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange on 7 October 2010 with the IPO price of HK$3.48 per share. In July 2017, Sunac acquired 13 tourism projects from Dalian Wanda for US$6.6 billion The company also acquired a stake in Chinese streaming service ''le.com'' in 2017. In March 2020, the company reported profits of $3.7 billion in 2019, an increase of 57% from the previous year. In ...
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Fortune Global 500
The ''Fortune'' Global 500, also known as Global 500, is an annual ranking of the top 500 corporations worldwide as measured by revenue. The list is compiled and published annually by ''Fortune'' magazine. Methodology Until 1989, it listed only non-United States industrial corporations under the title "International 500" while the ''Fortune'' 500 contained and still contains exclusively United States corporations. In 1990, United States companies were added to compile a truly global list of top industrial corporations as ranked by sales. Since 1995, the list has had its current form, listing also top financial corporations and service providers by revenue. Several inconsistencies exist in ''Fortune'' ranking of cities with the most ''Fortune'' 500 headquarters. On June 3, 2011, the ''Atlanta Business Chronicle'' stated examples of ''Fortune'' including regional headquarters for some cities, excluding regional headquarters for other cities and in some cases excluding headquarte ...
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Wanda Group
Wanda Group (), or the Dalian Wanda Group (), is a Chinese multinational conglomerate founded in Dalian, Liaoning and headquartered in Beijing. It is a private property developer and owner of Wanda Cinemas and the Hoyts Group. With investments within Mainland China and globally, the Dalian Wanda group has investments across many industries including construction, entertainment, media, industrial manufacturing, financial services, high technology, hospitality, real estate, retail, healthcare, and sports. It ranked 380th on the Fortune Global 500 List in 2017. Also in 2017, its assets amounted to 700 billion yuan and an annual revenue 227.4 billion yuan ($35.29 billion). Wanda Cultural Industry Group is one of China's cultural enterprises, includes movie theaters as well as sports and film production assets, and contributed 28% or $10.85 billion to overall revenue. Wanda Group ranks 28th on the 2020 China Top 500 Private Enterprises List. History The company was founded ...
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SZSE 100 Index
SZSE 100 Index are indice of Shenzhen Stock Exchange. It consists of SZSE 100 Price Index () and SZSE 100 Return Index (), using the same constituents but different methodology. Despite it was intended as the blue-chip index of Shenzhen Stock Exchange, comparing to counterpart SSE 50 Index, it had a smaller total free-float adjusted market capitalization of the constituents as well as smaller average free-float adjusted market capitalization per constituent. They have difference composition in constituents. , 23.54% of the constituents of SZSE 100 Index were financial services companies (including bank and insurance), 21.49% were from consumer discretionary industry and 20.54% were from information technology industry. Constituents Weighting updated to 31 December 2021 Footnotes References ;general * ;specific Chinese stock market indices Shenzhen Stock Exchange Lists of companies of China {{business-stub ...
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Suning Commerce Group
Suning.com Co., Ltd. formerly Suning Commerce Group Co., Ltd. is one of the largest non-government retailers in China, headquartered in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Suning has more than 10,000 stores nationwide and its e-commerce platform, ''Suning.com'' ranks among top three Chinese B2C companies. The operation categories include physical merchandise, such as home appliances, 3C products, books, general merchandise, household commodities, cosmetics and baby care products, content products and service merchandise with the total number of SKU exceeding 3 million. It was listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2004. In 2021, Suning.com ranked at 328th on the Fortune Global 500 list. Suning.com is ranked 9th on the list of the 15 ''Fastest Growing Ecommerce Companies'' in 2020 according to a report published by the international finance website "Insider Monkey", and ranked 2nd in "Total Online Retail Sales" in China. Business areas Suning Commerce Group Co., Ltd. principally oper ...
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Hainan Airlines
Hainan Airlines Co., Ltd. (HNA, ) is an airline headquartered in Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. The airline is rated as a 5-star airline by Skytrax. It is the largest civilian-run and majority state-owned air transport company, making it the fourth-largest airline in terms of fleet size in the People's Republic of China, and the tenth-largest airline in Asia in terms of passengers carried. It operates scheduled domestic and international services on 500 routes from Hainan and nine locations on the mainland, as well as charter services. Its main base is Haikou Meilan International Airport, with hubs at Beijing Capital International Airport and Xi'an Xianyang International Airport and several focus cities. History Early years Hainan Airlines was established in October 1989 as ''Hainan Province Airlines'' in Hainan, the largest special economic zone in China. Hainan Province Airlines became China's first joint-stock air-transport company following a restructuring in J ...
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P Chip
The term P chip () refers to Chinese companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange which are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, Bermuda and the British Virgin Islands with operations in mainland China, and are run by private sector Chinese businessmen. During the financial crisis of 2007–2010, P chips showed a dramatic increase in the rate of bankruptcy failures as compared to H shares or red chips. Since the main difference among private sector Chinese companies incorporated abroad is the exchange in which they are listed, the following terms are used to differentiate them: * P chip if traded in Hong Kong (P stands for "private"). * S chip if traded in Singapore. * N share if traded in the NYSE, NASDAQ, or the AMEX. * L share if traded in London. Therefore, the main difference between P chips and S chips is the exchange on which they are traded. However, a few market participants may use the term "P chips" to refer to the entire universe of private sector Chinese compa ...
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Business
Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or Trade, buying and selling Product (business), products (such as goods and Service (economics), services). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit." Having a business name does not separate the business entity from the owner, which means that the owner of the business is responsible and liable for debts incurred by the business. If the business acquires debts, the creditors can go after the owner's personal possessions. A business structure does not allow for corporate tax rates. The proprietor is personally taxed on all income from the business. The term is also often used colloquially (but not by lawyers or by public officials) to refer to a company, such as a corporation or cooperative. Corporations, in contrast with Sole proprietorship, sole proprietors and partnerships, are a separate legal entity and provide limited liability for their owners/members, as well as being su ...
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