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Cuckoo-shrike
The cuckooshrikes and allies in the family Campephagidae are small to medium-sized passerine bird species found in the subtropical and tropical Africa, Asia and Australasia. The 93 species are divided into 11 genera. The woodshrikes (''Tephrodornis'') were often considered to be in this family but are now placed in their own family, Vangidae, along with the philentomas and the flycatcher-shrikes. Another genus, ''Chlamydochaera'', which has one species, the black-breasted fruithunter, was often placed in this family but has now been shown to be a thrush (Turdidae). Taxonomy Cuckooshrikes are not closely related to either the cuckoos or to the shrikes; the name probably comes from the grey colour of many of the cuckooshrikes. Some of the species also bear a superficial resemblance to cuckoos, and have a similar undulating flight. The grey colouration has led to one of their other names, the greybird. In some parts of the world they have also been known as caterpillar-birds, a na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black-faced Cuckooshrike
The black-faced cuckooshrike (''Coracina novaehollandiae'') is a common omnivorous passerine bird native to Australia and southern New Guinea. It has a protected status in Australia, under the National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1974. They are widely distributed in almost any wooded habitat (ecology), habitat throughout the region, except in rainforests. But they can also occur in urban areas, and are a fairly common sight on power lines in Australian cities such as Sydney and Perth, Western Australia, Perth. Taxonomy The black-faced cuckooshrike was first described by German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1789. The Yinjibarndi language, Yindjibarndi people of the central and western Pilbara know the species as ''julgira''; they would clip their wings and keep them as pets. Description Adult birds have a prominent black face and throat, gray Feather, plumage, white underparts and a somewhat hooked Beak, bill. The size varies between 32 cm and 34 cm. They are slow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Cuckooshrike
The blue cuckooshrike (''Cyanograucalus azureus'') is a species of bird in the Cuckooshrike family, Campephagidae. It is found from Sierra Leone and Liberia to eastern and south-western Democratic Republic of Congo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Coracina''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found the genus ''Coracina'' was non-monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro .... In the resulting reorganization to create monophyletic genera, the blue cuckooshrike is the only species placed in the resurrected genus ''Cyanograucalus''. References External linksImage at ADW blue cuckooshrike Birds of Central Africa Birds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pygmy Cuckooshrike
The pygmy cuckooshrike (''Celebesica abbotti'') is a species of bird in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Coracina''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found the genus ''Coracina'' was non-monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro .... In the resulting reorganization to create monophyletic genera, the pygmy cuckooshrike is the only species placed in the resurrected genus ''Celebesica''. References pygmy cuckooshrike Endemic birds of Sulawesi pygmy cuckooshrike pygmy cuckooshrike Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Campephagidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
McGregor's Cuckooshrike
McGregor's cuckooshrike (''Malindangia mcgregori'') or the sharp-tailed cuckooshrike, is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to Mindanao island (Philippines). This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Coracina''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found the genus ''Coracina'' was non-monophyletic. In the resulting reorganization to create monophyletic genera, McGregor's cuckooshrike is the only species placed in the resurrected genus ''Malindangia''. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... References McGregor's cuckooshrike Birds of Mindanao McGregor's cuckooshrike Taxonomy articles created by Polbot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceblepyris
''Ceblepyris'' is a genus of African passerine birds in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. These species were formerly placed in the genus ''Coracina''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that ''Coracina'', as then defined, was non-monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro .... In the resulting reorganization to create monophyletic genera these species were moved to the resurrected genus ''Ceblepyris''. The genus contains the following five species: * Madagascar cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris cinereus'') * Comoros cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris cucullatus'') * Grauer's cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris graueri'') * White-breasted cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris pectoralis'') * Grey cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris caesius'') References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lalage (bird)
''Lalage'' is a genus of passerine birds belonging to the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae, many of which are commonly known as trillers. There are about 18 species which occur in southern Asia and Australasia with a number of species on Pacific islands. They feed mainly on insects and fruit. They build a neat cup-shaped nest high in a tree. They are fairly small birds, about 15 to 20 cm long. They are mainly black, grey and white in colour. Most species are fairly common but the Samoan triller is considered to be near threatened and the Norfolk Island subspecies of the long-tailed triller has become extinct. Taxonomy and systematics Extant species The genus now includes six species that were formerly assigned to the genus ''Coracina''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that the species form part of the clade that contain members of the genus ''Lalage''. The genus contains 20 species: * Black-and-white triller, ''Lalage melanoleuca'' * Pied triller ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edolisoma
''Edolisoma'' is a genus of birds in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae that are native to the Central Indo-Pacific region, Australia and New Guinea. These species were previously placed in the genus ''Coracina''. They were moved to the resurrected genus ''Edolisoma'' based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010. The genus contains the following 22 species: * Admiralty cicadabird (''Edolisoma admiralitatis'') * New Caledonian cuckooshrike (''Edolisoma anale'') * Pale cicadabird (''Edolisoma ceramense'') * Blackish cuckooshrike (''Edolisoma coerulescens'') * Kai cicadabird (''Edolisoma dispar'') * Pale-shouldered cicadabird (''Edolisoma dohertyi'') * Solomons cuckooshrike (''Edolisoma holopolium'') * Black-shouldered cicadabird (''Edolisoma incertum'') * Pohnpei cicadabird (''Edolisoma insperatum'') * Black cicadabird (''Edolisoma melas'') * Black-bibbed cicadabird (''Edolisoma mindanense'') * Palau cicadabird (''Edolisoma monacha'') * Blac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coracina
''Coracina'' is a large genus of birds in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. The genus was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot in 1816. The type species was subsequently designated as the white-bellied cuckooshrike (''Coracina papuensis'') by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1850–1851. The name ''Coracina'' is from the Ancient Greek meaning "little raven", a diminutive of ''korax'' meaning "raven". The genus formerly included many more species. It was split based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010. A major clade was moved to the resurrected genus ''Edolisoma'' and a smaller group of Asian and Indian Ocean species moved to the genus ''Lalage (bird), Lalage''. The genus contains the following 22 species: * Stout-billed cuckooshrike (''Coracina caeruleogrisea'') * Hooded cuckooshrike (''Coracina longicauda'') * Cerulean cuckooshrike (''Coracina temminckii'') * Pied cuckooshrike (''Coracina bicolor'') * Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuckoo
Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separated as distinct families, the Centropodidae and Crotophagidae respectively. The cuckoo order Cuculiformes is one of three that make up the Otidimorphae, the other two being the turacos and the bustards. The family Cuculidae contains 150 species which are divided into 33 genera. The cuckoos are generally medium-sized slender birds. Most species live in trees, though a sizeable minority are ground-dwelling. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution; the majority of species are tropical. Some species are migratory. The cuckoos feed on insects, insect larvae and a variety of other animals, as well as fruit. Some species are brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other species and giving rise to the metaphor ''cuckoo's egg'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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