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Coup Belt
The Coup Belt (french: la ceinture de coups d'État) is a modern geopolitical concept and neologism which emerged during the 2020s to describe the region of West Africa, Central Africa and the Sahel that is home to countries with a List of coups and coup attempts since 2010#Africa, high prevalence of coup d'état, coups d'état. After the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état, 2023 Nigerien coup, these countries formed a continuous chain stretching between the east and west coasts of Africa. Overview Origin Although likely older, the term became popular in the 2020s after a string of coups in the early part of the decade, including in Mali in 2020 Malian coup d'état, 2020 and 2021 Malian coup d'état, 2021, Mahamat Déby#President of the Transitional Military Council, Chad, 2021 Guinean coup d'état, Guinea, and 2021 Sudanese coup d'état, Sudan in 2021, two in Burkina Faso in January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état, January and September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état, September 2022 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area.Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. . With billion people as of , it accounts for about of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, behind Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Afr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Sudanese Coup D'état
On 25 October 2021, the Sudanese military, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, took control of the Government of Sudan in a military coup. At least five senior government figures were initially detained. Civilian Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok refused to declare support for the coup and on 25 October called for popular resistance; he was confined to house arrest on 26 October. Internet outages were reported. Later the same day, the Sovereignty Council was dissolved, a state of emergency was put in place, and a majority of the Hamdok Cabinet and a number of pro-government supporters were arrested. , the list of those detained included "government ministers, members of political parties, lawyers, civil society activists, journalists, human rights defenders, and protest leaders", who were held in secret locations, without access to their families or lawyers. Key civilian groups including the Sudanese Professionals Association and Forces of Freedom and Change called for ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 Nigerien Crisis
On 26 July 2023, a coup d'état occurred in Niger, during which the country's presidential guard removed and detained President Mohamed Bazoum. Subsequently, General Abdourahamane Tchiani, the Commander of the Presidential Guard, proclaimed himself the leader of a military junta, established the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, after confirming the success of the coup. In response to this development, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) issued an ultimatum on 30 July, giving the coup leaders in Niger one week to reinstate Bazoum, with the threat of international sanctions and potential use of force. When the deadline of the ultimatum expired on 6 August, no military intervention was initiated; however, on 10 August, ECOWAS took the step of activating its standby force. Previously in 2017, ECOWAS had launched a military intervention to restore democracy in The Gambia during a constitutional crisis within the country. All active member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of French Possessions And Colonies
From the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire stretched from a total area at its peak in 1680 to over , the second largest empire in the world at the time behind only the Spanish Empire. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the French colonial empire was the second largest colonial empire in the world only behind the British Empire; it extended over of land at its height in the 1920s and 1930s. In terms of population however, on the eve of World War II, France and her colonial possessions totaled only 150 million inhabitants, compared with 330 million for British India alone. The total area of the French colonial empire, with the first (mainly in the Americas and Asia) and second (mainly in Africa and Asia), the French colonial empires combined, reached , the second largest in the world (the first being the British Empire). France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean and India, following Spanish and Portuguese successes duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 Burkina Faso Coup D'état Attempt
On 26 September 2023, dissidents of the Burkina Faso Armed Forces attempted to overthrow the ruling military junta led by Ibrahim Traoré, which came to power a year earlier. Coups of 2022 In a previous coup in January 2022, Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba overthrew the government of Roch Marc Christian Kaboré due to the Burkinabé government's inability to suppress the jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso, which had begun in 2019 and saw jihadists make gains across the country in late 2021. Initially, Damiba's government was welcomed by the Burkinabé populace, but Damiba was unable to control the insurgency, and was subsequently overthrown himself by dissidents led by Ibrahim Traoré. Traoré subsequently claimed to have thwarted a coup attempt against him led by lieutenant-colonel Emmanuel Zoungrana in December 2022. Amid rumors of discontent within the Burkinabe army, Traoré shuffled his cabinet. Sekou Ouedraogo was removed from head of the National Intelligence Servic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 Sierra Leone Coup Plot
On 31 July 2023, Sierra Leonean authorities detained an undetermined number of soldiers and civilians who were allegedly planning a coup in Sierra Leone between 7 and 10 August against the government of Julius Maada Bio. While not explicitly using the term "coup," the police expressed their concern that despite ongoing endeavors to solidify the achieved peace and democratic progress, specific individuals persist in engaging in actions intended to disrupt the harmony and serenity of the nation. On 8 August, it was confirmed that the police arrested 19 people, including fourteen serving personnel of the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces, two officers of the Sierra Leone Police, one retired chief superintendent of police and two other people, all of them accused of "state subversion". In addition, five military officers and three police officers were issued with a search and capture warrant. The arrested retired chief superintendent, identified as Mohamed Yetey Turay, was detaine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 Sudan Conflict
An armed conflict between rival factions of the military government of Sudan began on 15 April 2023, when clashes broke out in cities, with the fighting concentrated around the capital city of Khartoum and the Darfur region. As of 27 May, at least 1,800 people had been killed and more than 5,100 others had been injured. The conflict began with attacks by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on government sites. Airstrikes, artillery, and gunfire were reported across Sudan including in Khartoum. Throughout the conflict, RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan "Hemedti" Dagalo and Sudan's ''de facto'' leader and army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan have disputed control of government sites, including the general military headquarters, the Presidential Palace, Khartoum International Airport, Burhan's official residence, and the SNBC headquarters. Background The history of conflicts in Sudan has consisted of foreign invasions and resistance, ethnic tensions, religious disputes, and co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2022 Gambian Coup D'état Attempt
The 2022 Gambian coup d'état attempt was a military coup d'état attempt which took place in The Gambia on 20 December 2022. Reportedly, some soldiers attempted to overthrow the government of President Adama Barrow. Four soldiers were arrested on suspicion of involvement. The Gambian military initially denied that any such coup attempt took place. It also went after three other alleged conspirators. The coup leader was later named as LCpl Sanna Fadera. The attempt was condemned by Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the main opposition party, the UDP. UDP leader Momodou Sabally, who had served as the minister of presidential affairs under Yahya Jammeh, had suggested in a video released before the coup that Barrow would be overthrown before the 2023 Gambian local elections. He was arrested after the government foiled the plot, but was later released unconditionally. On 3 January 2023 the government charged two civilians and a sub-inspector of The Gambia Polic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2022 Guinea-Bissau Coup D'état Attempt
A coup d'état was attempted in Guinea-Bissau on 1 February 2022. A few hours later, president Umaro Sissoco Embaló declared the coup over, he said that "many" members of the security forces had been killed in a "failed attack against democracy". The president Umaro Sissoco Embaló told the AFP news agency in a telephone call that "All is well", and added that the situation is "under control". He said that the failed coup attempt may have been linked to drug trade and was also an assassination attempt, "It wasn't just a coup. It was an attempt to kill the president, the prime minister and all the cabinet." He also stated that the army was not involved in the failed coup. Background Coups d'état became a significant issue in Guinea-Bissau. Since the first one in November 1980, there have been: * Two successful coups in 2003 and 2012; * Eight attempted coups before 2022; * One military unrest, in 2010; * Two notable allegations of a coup attempt, in 2019 and 2020. Coup Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
September 2021 Sudanese Coup D'état Attempt
The September 2021 Sudanese coup d'état attempt was a coup attempt against the Sovereignty Council of Sudan on Tuesday 21 September 2021. According to media reports, at least 40 officers were arrested at dawn on Tuesday 21 September 2021. A government spokesman said they included "remnants of the defunct regime", referring to former officials of President Omar al-Bashir's government, and members of the country's armoured corps. Event Sudanese Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok revealed during a speech that the coup attempt was largely organized by loyalists of the ousted leader Omar al-Bashir. He added that the perpetrators involved in the failed coup were not only from the military but also outside the military as well. According to some Sudanese officials, soldiers attempted to take over a state media building in Omdurman, but they were subsequently prevented and apprehended. There were reports of gunfire close to a military base housing a tank division in Omdurman during the ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Nigerien Coup D'état Attempt
The 2021 Nigerien coup d'etat attempt occurred on 31 March at around 3 am West Africa Time, WAT (2 am Coordinated Universal Time, UTC) after gunfire erupted in the streets of Niamey, the capital of Niger, two days before the inauguration of List of heads of state of Niger, president-elect Mohamed Bazoum. The Coup d'etat, coup attempt was staged by elements within the Niger Armed Forces, military, and was attributed to an Niger Air Force, Air Force unit based in the area of the Diori Hamani International Airport, Niamey Airport. The alleged leader of the plot was Captain Sani Saley Gourouza, who was in charge of security at the unit's base. After the coup attempt was foiled, the perpetrators were arrested. Context The coup attempt took place while Niger was mired in the War in the Sahel, with marked terrorism and inter-ethnic violence. Sahel countries received France's help against terrorists via Operation Barkhane, with controversial actions. In 2020, a 2020 Malian coup d'état, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 Gabonese Coup D'état
On 30 August 2023, a coup d'état occurred in Gabon shortly after the announcement that incumbent president Ali Bongo Ondimba had won the general election held on 26 August. Even though Nguema is a part of the Bongo family, a cousin of Ali Bongo, the coup brought an end to the 56-year-long rule of the Bongo family over Gabon. It was also the eighth successful coup to occur in West and Central Africa since 2020. Background Since independence from France in 1960, Gabon has primarily been ruled by the Bongo family starting with President Omar Bongo in 1967 and, following his death in 2009, by his son Ali Bongo Ondimba. Ali Bongo was re-elected in an election in 2016 which prompted a failed coup attempt in 2019. During the rule of the Bongo family the country had been plagued by accusations of corruption and nepotism, several elections had been tainted by reports of fraud or irregularities (notably, the official results of the 2016 election from the Bongo family's native provinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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