|
Community Business
Communities come together and set up community businesses to address challenges they face together. There are many types of community business including shops, farms, pubs and call centres. What they all have in common is that they are accountable to their community and that the profits they generate deliver positive local impact, such as boosting the local economy. Similar to social enterprises, community businesses are committed to positively benefiting society through trading in a sustainable way. All profit from a community business is reinvested in the local area. Unlike social enterprises, community businesses are focused on benefiting a specific local geographic area. Community businesses also have similarities to place-based charitable trusts which manage assets. However, a community business is accountable to its beneficiary community which can mean local people being involved in formal participation or even actual legal ownership. Historic UK development The notion o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garden City Movement
The garden city movement was a 20th century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with greenbelts. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Ebenezer Howard first posited the idea in 1898 as a way to capture the primary benefits of the countryside and the city while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both. In the early 20th century, Letchworth, Brentham Garden Suburb and Welwyn Garden City were built in or near London according to Howard's concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world. History Conception Inspired by the utopian novel ''Looking Backward'' and Henry George's work ''Progress and Poverty'', Howard published the book '': a Peaceful Path to Real Reform'' in 1898 (which was reissued in 1902 as ''Garden Cities of To-morrow''). His idealised garden city would house 32,000 people on a site of , pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communities
A community is a Level of analysis, social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as place (geography), place, Norm (social), norms, religion, values, Convention (norm), customs, or Identity (social science), identity. Communities may share a sense of place (geography), place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighbourhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms. Durable good relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community, important to their identity, practice, and roles in social institutions such as family, home, work, government, society, or humanity at large. Although communities are usually small relative to personal social ties, "community" may also refer to large group affiliations such as nation, national communities, international community, international communities, and virtual community, virtual communities. The English-language word "community" derives from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fan-owned Sports Teams
This is a partial list of professional or semi-professional sports teams that are owned by fans (via either a collective organisation or where the assumption of majority ownership by a small group is prohibited by the club's constitution or governing documents) from all over the world sorted by home country. Teams playing at every level in each country are shown. In some cases the line is blurry between these teams and teams whose ownership is publicly traded. Association football Argentina All association football clubs in Argentina are owned by their members. Every club is organised as not-for-profit organization according to Argentinian law (''asociación civil sin fines de lucro''). There are a few number of teams that are privately owned such as Crucero del Norte. Australia * Melbourne Knights * South Melbourne Austria * FC Pinzgau Saalfelden, a fan-owned club that is owned, in majority, by fans who have invested into the club through the American company Fan Owned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Power To Change Trust
Power to Change is a charitable trust operating in England, created in 2015 with a £150 million endowment from the Big Lottery Fund. The trust is solely concerned with supporting community businesses in England over a ten-year period, after which it will cease operating. The trust's ultimate goal for its funding to lead to ‘better places through community business’, reflecting their belief that community businesses contribute more than just economic impact but can also lead to greater community cohesion and appetite for community-led development.: Life Cycle Power to Change's work is defined by three phases over the ten-year period of its existence. # The first phase to 2018 will focus on growing the community business world in specific sectors and places through capital and revenue grants, and business support advice. # The second phase will concentrate on assisting community businesses to make a bigger impact in specific areas on wider issues, such as unemployment, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Big Lottery Fund
The National Lottery Community Fund, legally named the Big Lottery Fund, is a non-departmental public body responsible for distributing funds raised by the National Lottery for "good causes". Since 2004 it has awarded over £9 billion to more than 130,000 projects in the UK. The Community Fund aims to support projects which help communities and people it considers most in need. Over 80 per cent of its funds go to voluntary and community organisations, it also makes grants to statutory bodies, local authorities and social enterprises. The fund makes grants to projects working in health, education and the environment and the charitable sector. It funds projects in line with objectives set by the government but does not fund services which other parts of government have a statutory responsibility to deliver. "Additionality" principle According to its annual report, Big Lottery Fund uses the following definition of "additionality": "Lottery funding is distinct from Governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plunkett Foundation
The Plunkett Foundation is a charity whith the purpose to assist rural communities in the United Kingdom to create and run community-owned businesses. The organization aims to support community-owned enterprises in the United Kingdom. It also aims to raise awareness for community-ownership potential to be successful in rural areas, and to make it easier for rural communities to start such businesses. History The Plunkett Foundation was founded in 1919 by the pioneer of rural co-operation in Ireland, Sir Horace Plunkett. Since being founded it has been involved in a range of work relating to international development, rural development and agricultural development. The foundation is based in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. To celebrate 2012 being designated as the United Nations International Year of Co-operatives, the Plunkett Foundation held the World of Rural Co-operation International Roundtable event. This event led to the development of the Dunsany Declaration for Rura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Preservation
A heritage railway or heritage railroad (US usage) is a railway operated as living history to re-create or preserve railway scenes of the past. Heritage railways are often old railway lines preserved in a state depicting a period (or periods) in the history of rail transport. Definition The British Office of Rail and Road defines heritage railways as follows:...'lines of local interest', museum railways or tourist railways that have retained or assumed the character and appearance and operating practices of railways of former times. Several lines that operate in isolation provide genuine transport facilities, providing community links. Most lines constitute tourist or educational attractions in their own right. Much of the rolling stock and other equipment used on these systems is original and is of historic value in its own right. Many systems aim to replicate both the look and operating practices of historic former railways companies. Infrastructure Heritage railway lines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slum Clearance In The United Kingdom
Slum clearance in the United Kingdom has been used as an urban renewal strategy to transform low income settlements with poor reputation into another type of development or housing. Early mass clearances took place in the country's northern cities. Starting from 1930, councils were expected to prepare plans to clear slum dwellings, although progress stalled upon the onset of World War II. Clearance of slum areas resumed and increased after the war, while the 1960s saw the largest number of house renewal schemes pursued by local authorities, particularly in Manchester where it was reported around 27% 'may' have been unfit for human habitation - Although the majority were well built solid structures which could have been renovated or repurposed; housing, churches, schools and pubs which formed close-knit communities were devastated, with families dispersed across other areas. Towards the end of the decade, a housing act in 1969 provided financial encouragement for authorities and la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Road Protest In The United Kingdom
Road protests in the United Kingdom usually occur as a reaction to a stated intention by the empowered authorities to build a new road, or to modify an existing road. Some of the reasons for opposition to opening new roads include: a desire to reduce air pollution and thus not wishing to incentivise increased or sustained car usage, and/or a desire to reduce or maintain low noise pollution by not having or increasing the use of motor vehicles in the area of the planned/proposed road. Protests may also be made by those wishing to see new roads built or improvements made to existing roads. Motivations for protests may be altruistic or selfish. In some cases, protests have also acted as a training ground for individuals and groups who continue to be active in campaigning and advocacy. Motivation Motivations have changed over time. Early actions, such as the response to the 1970s London urban motorway proposals, tended to be based on local environmental and social issues. Routing was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Development Trust
Development trusts are organisations operating in the United Kingdom that are: *community based, owned and led *engaged in the economic, environmental and social regeneration of a defined area or community *independent but seek to work in partnership with other private, voluntary, and public sector organisations *self-sufficient or aiming for self-sufficiency, and not for private profit. There is no set form of legal structure, and a development trust may be registered as a company limited by guarantee, a community interest company, or an industrial and provident society. Many register as charities. The activities undertaken by development trusts are various and include: *running the local shop and post office *developing play park and recreational facilities *managing a housing development *developing renewable energy projects such as wind farm A wind farm or wind park, also called a wind power station or wind power plant, is a group of wind turbines in the same location u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Left
The New Left was a broad political movement mainly in the 1960s and 1970s consisting of activists in the Western world who campaigned for a broad range of social issues such as civil and political rights, environmentalism, feminism, gay rights, gender roles and drug policy reforms. Some see the New Left as an oppositional reaction to earlier Marxist and labor union movements for social justice that focused on dialectical materialism and social class, while others who used the term see the movement as a continuation and revitalization of traditional leftist goals. Some who self-identified as "New Left" rejected involvement with the labor movement and Marxism's historical theory of class struggle, although others gravitated to their own takes on established forms of Marxism and Marxism–Leninism, such as the New Communist movement (which drew from Maoism) in the United States or the K-GruppenThe K-Gruppen, K groups originally referred to the mainly Maoism, Maoist-oriented small par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
