|
Closed Principle
Closed may refer to: Mathematics * Closure (mathematics), a set, along with operations, for which applying those operations on members always results in a member of the set * Closed set, a set which contains all its limit points * Closed interval, an interval which includes its endpoints * Closed line segment, a line segment which includes its endpoints * Closed manifold, a compact manifold which has no boundary Other uses * Closed (poker), a betting round where no player will have the right to raise * Closed (album), ''Closed'' (album), a 2010 album by Bomb Factory * Closed GmbH, a German fashion brand * Closed class, in linguistics, a class of words or other entities which rarely changes See also * * Close (other) * Closed loop (other) * Closing (other) * Closure (other) * Open (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closure (mathematics)
In mathematics, a subset of a given set is closed under an operation of the larger set if performing that operation on members of the subset always produces a member of that subset. For example, the natural numbers are closed under addition, but not under subtraction: is not a natural number, although both 1 and 2 are. Similarly, a subset is said to be closed under a ''collection'' of operations if it is closed under each of the operations individually. The closure of a subset is the result of a closure operator applied to the subset. The ''closure'' of a subset under some operations is the smallest subset that is closed under these operations. It is often called the ''span'' (for example linear span) or the ''generated set''. Definitions Let be a set equipped with one or several methods for producing elements of from other elements of . Operations and (partial) multivariate function are examples of such methods. If is a topological space, the limit of a sequence of element ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed Set
In geometry, topology, and related branches of mathematics, a closed set is a set whose complement is an open set. In a topological space, a closed set can be defined as a set which contains all its limit points. In a complete metric space, a closed set is a set which is closed under the limit operation. This should not be confused with a closed manifold. Equivalent definitions By definition, a subset A of a topological space (X, \tau) is called if its complement X \setminus A is an open subset of (X, \tau); that is, if X \setminus A \in \tau. A set is closed in X if and only if it is equal to its closure in X. Equivalently, a set is closed if and only if it contains all of its limit points. Yet another equivalent definition is that a set is closed if and only if it contains all of its boundary points. Every subset A \subseteq X is always contained in its (topological) closure in X, which is denoted by \operatorname_X A; that is, if A \subseteq X then A \subseteq \oper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed Interval
In mathematics, a (real) interval is a set of real numbers that contains all real numbers lying between any two numbers of the set. For example, the set of numbers satisfying is an interval which contains , , and all numbers in between. Other examples of intervals are the set of numbers such that , the set of all real numbers \R, the set of nonnegative real numbers, the set of positive real numbers, the empty set, and any singleton (set of one element). Real intervals play an important role in the theory of integration, because they are the simplest sets whose "length" (or "measure" or "size") is easy to define. The concept of measure can then be extended to more complicated sets of real numbers, leading to the Borel measure and eventually to the Lebesgue measure. Intervals are central to interval arithmetic, a general numerical computing technique that automatically provides guaranteed enclosures for arbitrary formulas, even in the presence of uncertainties, mathematical a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed Line Segment
In geometry, a line segment is a part of a straight line that is bounded by two distinct end points, and contains every point on the line that is between its endpoints. The length of a line segment is given by the Euclidean distance between its endpoints. A closed line segment includes both endpoints, while an open line segment excludes both endpoints; a half-open line segment includes exactly one of the endpoints. In geometry, a line segment is often denoted using a line above the symbols for the two endpoints (such as \overline). Examples of line segments include the sides of a triangle or square. More generally, when both of the segment's end points are vertices of a polygon or polyhedron, the line segment is either an edge (of that polygon or polyhedron) if they are adjacent vertices, or a diagonal. When the end points both lie on a curve (such as a circle), a line segment is called a chord (of that curve). In real or complex vector spaces If ''V'' is a vector space over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed Manifold
In mathematics, a closed manifold is a manifold without boundary that is compact. In comparison, an open manifold is a manifold without boundary that has only ''non-compact'' components. Examples The only connected one-dimensional example is a circle. The sphere, torus, and the Klein bottle are all closed two-dimensional manifolds. A line is not closed because it is not compact. A closed disk is a compact two-dimensional manifold, but it is not closed because it has a boundary. Open manifolds For a connected manifold, "open" is equivalent to "without boundary and non-compact", but for a disconnected manifold, open is stronger. For instance, the disjoint union of a circle and a line is non-compact since a line is non-compact, but this is not an open manifold since the circle (one of its components) is compact. Abuse of language Most books generally define a manifold as a space that is, locally, homeomorphic to Euclidean space (along with some other technical con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed (poker)
{{Unreferenced, date=June 2009 In the game of poker, a betting round is said to be closed if no player will have the right to raise in the round. Normally this occurs when a player calls, and the next player whose turn it is to act is the one who made the last raise, so he cannot raise further (this ends the betting round). The round can also said to be closed before it has actually ended if there are still players remaining to act, but they will not be entitled to raise either because the last raise was a sub-minimum all-in raise (see poker table stakes rules) or because the limit ("cap") on allowed raises has been reached. The term is also used to describe a category of poker game in which no cards held by individual players are visible to any other player before the showdown. Most forms of draw poker are closed games (draw games with a rollout are an exception). Most forms of stud poker, in contrast, are open games, because some players' cards are dealt face up or are expose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed (album)
''Closed'' is the sixth full-length album by punk rock band Bomb Factory. It was released in December 2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ... on Monstar Records, and contains 11 songs.BombFactory.jp discography page for ''Closed''. Track listing References External links Bomb Factory's official website Bomb Factory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed GmbH
Closed GmbH is a German fashion brand which has produced jeans and other clothes{{cite web , url=http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/heading-to-the-exit-7285399?src=nl/mornReport/20131121 , title=Kostas Murkudis Exiting German Brand Closed , publisher=WWD , date=21 November 2013 , accessdate=21 November 2013 , author=Quinto, Norma since 1978. Besides Germany, Closed products are available in its more than 35 stores that are mostly in Italy, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain, Russia, and the USA. Company history The company was founded in 1975 in France by Marithé and François Girbaud under the name “Ca”. Shortly afterwards, a preliminary injunction by C&A, who felt their trademark rights had been violated, put an end to Ca. Today, the company, under the name Closed, is based in Hamburg. In 2009, Closed GmbH had 140 members of staff. At the beginning of the 1990s, Hamburg business partners Günther Giers and Hans-Joachim Leplow purchased th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed Class
In grammar, a part of speech or part-of-speech (abbreviated as POS or PoS, also known as word class or grammatical category) is a category of words (or, more generally, of lexical items) that have similar grammatical properties. Words that are assigned to the same part of speech generally display similar syntactic behavior (they play similar roles within the grammatical structure of sentences), sometimes similar morphological behavior in that they undergo inflection for similar properties and even similar semantic behavior. Commonly listed English parts of speech are noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, interjection, numeral, article, and determiner. Other terms than ''part of speech''—particularly in modern linguistic classifications, which often make more precise distinctions than the traditional scheme does—include word class, lexical class, and lexical category. Some authors restrict the term ''lexical category'' to refer only to a particular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Close (other)
Close may refer to: Music * ''Close'' (Kim Wilde album), 1988 * ''Close'' (Marvin Sapp album), 2017 * ''Close'' (Sean Bonniwell album), 1969 * "Close" (Sub Focus song), 2014 * "Close" (Nick Jonas song), 2016 * "Close" (Rae Sremmurd song), 2018 * "Close" (Jade Eagleson song), 2020 * "Close (to the Edit)", a 1984 song by Art of Noise * "Close", song by Aaron Lines from ''Living Out Loud'' * "Close", song by Drumsound & Bassline Smith from ''Wall of Sound'' * "Close", song by Rascal Flatts from ''Unstoppable'' * "Close", song by Soul Asylum from '' Candy from a Stranger'' * "Close", song by Westlife from '' Coast to Coast'' * "Close", song by French electronic group Telepopmusik and English vocalist Deborah Anderson, from their album '' Angel Milk'' Other uses * Close (surname) * Cathedral close, the area surrounding a cathedral, typically occupied by buildings associated with it * ''Close'' (2019 film), an action thriller * ''Close'' (2022 film), a Belgian drama film * Close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed Loop (other)
Closed loop or closed-loop may refer to: Mathematics * Loop (topology), a path whose initial point is equal to its terminal point * Closed curve, a mathematical curve described as a set of continuous parametric equations over a closed interval of real numbers for which the start point equals the end point Technology * A feedback loop, often found in: ** Closed-loop transfer function, where a closed-loop controller may be used ** Electronic feedback loops in electronic circuits ** PID controller, a commonly used closed-loop controller * Closed ecological system not relying on matter exchange outside of the system, as opposed to open loop * Closed-loop communication, a communication technique used to avoid misunderstandings * Ecological sanitation systems or ecosan, intended to close the nutrient and water cycle * Pulling water from one area of a reef aquarium and pumping it immediately elsewhere in the tank to create higher flow and minimize dead spots Other uses * Circular eco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closing (other)
Closing may refer to: Business and law * Closing (law), a closing argument, a summation * Closing (real estate), the final step in executing a real estate transaction * Closing (sales), the process of making a sale * Closing a business, the process by which an organization ceases operations Computing * Closing (morphology), in image processing * Finalize (optical discs) Finalizing (also spelled finalising) an optical disc is the process of writing out support data such as DVD menus, directory data, and the like to an optical disc in order to make it playable on a system other than the one it was recorded on. As ..., the optional last step in the authoring process * CLOSING, a Transmission Control Protocol#Protocol operation, TCP connection state Other uses * Closing a Letter (message), letter or e-mail (see valediction) * "Closing", a song by Enter Shikari from the album ''Take to the Skies'' See also * Closing argument * ''Closing Bell'', CNBC television programs * Clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
