|
Chromoblastomycosis
Chromoblastomycosis is a long-term fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (a chronic subcutaneous mycosis). It can be caused by many different types of fungi which become implanted under the skin, often by thorns or splinters. Chromoblastomycosis spreads very slowly. It is rarely fatal and usually has a good prognosis, but it can be very difficult to cure. The several treatment options include medication and surgery. The infection occurs most commonly in tropical or subtropical climates, often in rural areas. Symptoms and signs The initial trauma causing the infection is often forgotten or not noticed. The infection builds at the site over a period of years, and a small red papule (skin elevation) appears. The lesion is usually not painful, with few, if any symptoms. Patients rarely seek medical care at this point. Several complications may occur. Usually, the infection slowly spreads to the surrounding tissue while still remaining localized to the area aro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromoblastomycosis 2
Chromoblastomycosis is a long-term fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (a chronic subcutaneous mycosis). It can be caused by many different types of fungi which become implanted under the skin, often by thorns or splinters. Chromoblastomycosis spreads very slowly. It is rarely fatal and usually has a good prognosis, but it can be very difficult to cure. The several treatment options include medication and surgery. The infection occurs most commonly in tropical or subtropical climates, often in rural areas. Symptoms and signs The initial trauma causing the infection is often forgotten or not noticed. The infection builds at the site over a period of years, and a small red papule (skin elevation) appears. The lesion is usually not painful, with few, if any symptoms. Patients rarely seek medical care at this point. Several complications may occur. Usually, the infection slowly spreads to the surrounding tissue while still remaining localized to the area aro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladophialophora Carrionii
''Cladophialophora carrionii'' is a melanized fungus in the genus ''Cladophialophora'' that is associated with decaying plant material like cacti and wood. It is one of the most frequent species of ''Cladophialophora'' implicated in human disease. ''Cladophialophora carrionii'' is a causative agent of chromoblastomycosis, a subcutaneous infection that occurs in sub-tropical areas such as Madagascar, Australia and northwestern Venezuela. Transmission occurs through traumatic implantation of plant material colonized by ''C. carrionii'', mainly infecting rural workers. When ''C. carrionii'' infects its host, it transforms from a mycelial state to a muriform state to better tolerate the extreme conditions in the host's body. Habitat and ecology Infections by ''C. carrionii'' typically arise following traumatic inoculation of material colonized by the fungus. Most infections are reported from dry rural agricultural areas regions. ''Cladophialophora carrionii'' is saprotrophic, occurr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fonsecaea Compacta
''Fonsecaea compacta'' is a saprophytic fungal species found in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. It is a rare etiological agent of chromoblastomycosis, with low rates of correspondence observed from reports. The main active components of ''F. compacta'' are glycolipids, yet very little is known about its composition. ''F. compacta'' is widely regarded as a dysplastic variety of '' Fonsecaea pedrosoi'', its morphological precursor. The genus '' Fonsecaea'' presently contains two species, ''F. pedrosoi'' and ''F. compacta''. Over 100 strains of ''F. pedrosoi'' have been isolated but only two of ''F. compacta''. History ''F. compacta'' was first proposed by Carrion in 1935. This proposal was considered invalid because a Latin diagnosis was not provided at the time. The name ''F. compacta'' was later validated in 1940 when Carrion provided the required Latin diagnosis. Carrion & Emmons reported the presence of phialides in ''F. compacta'', ''which'' were described as being typic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fonsecaea Pedrosoi
''Fonsecaea pedrosoi'' is a fungal species in the family Herpotrichiellaceae, and the major causative agent of chromoblastomycosis. This species is commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical regions, especially in South America, where it grows as a soil saprotroph. Farming activities in the endemic zone are a risk factor for the development of chromoblastomycosis. Taxonomy ''Fonsecaea'' is a genus of ascomycetous fungi affiliated with the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The genus comprises three sibling species, all with pathogenic potential: ''F. pedrosoi'', '' F. monophora'' and '' F. nubica''. The species was first formally described in 1922 as ''Hormodendrum pedrosoi'' by French parasitologist Émile Brumpt. Pablo Negroni transferred it to the genus ''Fonsecaea'' in 1936. Sparingly branched, brownish conidiophores produce clusters of 1–celled, club-shaped conidia in short, dry, unbranched chains. A Phialophora-like asexual state sometimes appears along with ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phialophora Verrucosa
''Phialophora verrucosa'' is a pathogenic, dematiaceous fungus that is a common cause of chromoblastomycosis. It has also been reported to cause subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis and mycetoma in very rare cases. In the natural environment, it can be found in rotting wood, soil, wasp nests, and plant debris. ''P. verrucosa'' is sometimes referred to as ''Phialophora americana'', a closely related environmental species which, along with ''P. verrucosa'', is also categorized in the ''P. carrionii'' clade. History The fungus was first isolated by Edgar Mathias Medlar in 1915 from a chronic skin lesion on the buttock of a 22-year-old man in Boston, Massachusetts who presented with verrucous lesions on the buttocks and feet. In consultation with Roland Thaxter, Medlar considered the fungus to represent a previously undescribed genus because the successive separation of the conidia and their maintained attachment to the cup-shaped portion of the sporogenous cells were unique charac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycosis
Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is disease caused by fungi. Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic. Superficial fungal infections include common tinea of the skin, such as tinea of the body, groin, hands, feet and beard, and yeast infections such as pityriasis versicolor. Subcutaneous types include eumycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, which generally affect tissues in and beneath the skin. Systemic fungal infections are more serious and include cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Signs and symptoms range widely. There is usually a rash with superficial infection. Fungal infection within the skin or under the skin may present with a lump and skin changes. Pneumonia-like symptoms or meningitis may occur with a deeper or systemic infection. Fungi are everywhere, but only some cause disease. Fungal infection occurs after spores are ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subcutaneous Mycosis
Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is disease caused by fungi. Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic. Superficial fungal infections include common tinea of the skin, such as tinea of the body, groin, hands, feet and beard, and yeast infections such as pityriasis versicolor. Subcutaneous types include eumycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, which generally affect tissues in and beneath the skin. Systemic fungal infections are more serious and include cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Signs and symptoms range widely. There is usually a rash with superficial infection. Fungal infection within the skin or under the skin may present with a lump and skin changes. Pneumonia-like symptoms or meningitis may occur with a deeper or systemic infection. Fungi are everywhere, but only some cause disease. Fungal infection occurs after spores are eith ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medlar Bodies
Medlar bodies, also known as sclerotic or muriform cells, are thick walled cells (5-12 microns) with multiple internal transverse septa or chambers that resemble copper pennies. When present in skin or subcutaneous tissue, the cells are indicative of chromoblastomycosis Chromoblastomycosis is a long-term fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (a chronic subcutaneous mycosis). It can be caused by many different types of fungi which become implanted under the skin, often by thorns or splinters. C .... References Mycology {{pathology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeohyphomycosis
Phaeohyphomycosis is a diverse group of fungal infections, caused by dematiaceous fungi whose morphologic characteristics in tissue include hyphae, yeast-like cells, or a combination of these. It can be associated an array of melanistic filamentous fungi including ''Alternaria'' species'','' ''Exophiala jeanselmei,'' and ''Rhinocladiella mackenziei''. The term "phaeohyphomycosis" was introduced to determine infections caused by dematiaceous (pigmented) filamentous fungi which contain melanin in their cell walls. Phaeohyphomycosis is an uncommon infection, but the number of cases reported has been increasing in recent years. Fungal melanin is thought to be a virulence factor. The outcome of antifungal treatment is poor, and mortality is almost 80%.Sanjay G.R., J.E. Patterson, D.DA. Sutton, R.Pullen, and M.G. Rinaldi. 2002. Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis:review of an emerging Mycosis. Clinical Infectious Disease 34:467-476. Phaeohyphomycosis has been attributed to more than 100 s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potassium Hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula K OH, and is commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which exploit its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. An estimated 700,000 to 800,000 tonnes were produced in 2005. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps, as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals. It is a white solid that is dangerously corrosive. Properties and structure KOH exhibits high thermal stability. Because of this high stability and relatively low melting point, it is often melt-cast as pellets or rods, forms that have low surface area and convenient handling properties. These pellets become tacky in air because KOH is hygroscopic. Most commercial samples are ca. 90% pure, the remainder being water and carbonates. Its dissolution in water is strongly exothermic. Concentrated aqueous solut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infectious Disease (medical Specialty)
Infectious diseases or ID, also known as infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of infections. An infectious diseases specialist's practice consists of managing nosocomial ( healthcare-acquired) infections or community-acquired infections and is historically associated with hygiene, epidemiology, clinical microbiology, travel medicine and tropical medicine. Scope Infectious diseases specialists typically serve as consultants to other physicians in cases of complex infections, and often manage patients with HIV/AIDS and other forms of immunodeficiency. Although many common infections are treated by physicians without formal expertise in infectious diseases, specialists may be consulted for cases where an infection is difficult to diagnose or manage. They may also be asked to help determine the cause of a fever of unknown origin. Specialists in infectious diseases can practice both in hospitals (inpatient) and clinics (outpatient). In hospital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathognomonic
Pathognomonic (rare synonym ''pathognomic'') is a term, often used in medicine, that means "characteristic for a particular disease". A pathognomonic sign is a particular sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt. Labelling a sign or symptom "pathognomonic" represents a marked intensification of a "diagnostic" sign or symptom. The word is an adjective of Greek origin derived from πάθος ''pathos'' "disease" and γνώμων ''gnomon'' "indicator" (from γιγνώσκω ''gignosko'' "I know, I recognize"). Practical use While some findings may be classic, typical or highly suggestive in a certain condition, they may not occur ''uniquely'' in this condition and therefore may not directly imply a specific diagnosis. A pathognomonic sign or symptom has very high positive predictive value but does not need to have high sensitivity: for example it can sometimes be absent in a certain disease, since the term only implies that, when it is prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
