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Bio-ink
Bio-inks are materials used to produce engineered/artificial live tissue using 3D printing. These inks are mostly composed of the cells that are being used, but are often used in tandem with additional materials that envelope the cells. The combination of cells and usually biopolymer gels are defined as a bio-ink. They must meet certain characteristics, including such as rheological, mechanical, biofunctional and biocompatibility properties, among others. Using bio-inks provides a high reproducibility and precise control over the fabricated constructs in an automated manner. These inks are considered as one of the most advanced tools for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). Like the thermoplastics that are often utilized in traditional 3D printing, bio-inks can be extruded through printing nozzles or needles into filaments that can maintain its shape fidelity after deposition. However, bio-inks are sensitive to the normal 3D printing processing conditions. Differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioprinting
Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the utilization of 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, and/or biomaterials to fabricate biomedical parts, often with the aim of imitating natural tissue characteristics. Generally, 3D bioprinting can utilize a layer-by-layer method to deposit materials known as bio-inks to create tissue-like structures that are later used in various medical and tissue engineering fields. 3D bioprinting covers a broad range of bioprinting techniques and biomaterials. Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissue and organ models to help research drugs and potential treatments. Nonetheless, translation of bioprinted living cellular constructs into clinical application is met with several issues due to the complexity and cell number needed to create functional organs. However, innovations span from bioprinting of extracellular matrix to mixing cells with hydrogels deposited layer by layer to produce the desired tissue. In addition, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3D Bioprinting
Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the utilization of 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, and/or biomaterials to fabricate biomedical parts, often with the aim of imitating natural tissue characteristics. Generally, 3D bioprinting can utilize a layer-by-layer method to deposit materials known as Bio-ink, bio-inks to create tissue-like structures that are later used in various medical and tissue engineering fields. 3D bioprinting covers a broad range of bioprinting techniques and biomaterials. Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissue and organ models to help research drugs and potential treatments. Nonetheless, translation of bioprinted living cellular constructs into clinical application is met with several issues due to the complexity and cell number needed to create functional organs. However, innovations span from bioprinting of extracellular matrix to mixing cells with Hydrogel, hydrogels deposited layer by layer to produce the desired tis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collagen
Collagen () is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix found in the body's various connective tissues. As the main component of connective tissue, it is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up from 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. Collagen consists of amino acids bound together to form a triple helix of elongated fibril known as a collagen helix. It is mostly found in connective tissue such as cartilage, bones, tendons, ligaments, and skin. Depending upon the degree of mineralization, collagen tissues may be rigid (bone) or compliant (tendon) or have a gradient from rigid to compliant (cartilage). Collagen is also abundant in corneas, blood vessels, the gut, intervertebral discs, and the dentin in teeth. In muscle tissue, it serves as a major component of the endomysium. Collagen constitutes one to two percent of muscle tissue and accounts for 6% of the weight of the skeletal muscle tissue. The fibroblast is the most common cell that crea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physicochemical
Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and chemical equilibria. Physical chemistry, in contrast to chemical physics, is predominantly (but not always) a supra-molecular science, as the majority of the principles on which it was founded relate to the bulk rather than the molecular or atomic structure alone (for example, chemical equilibrium and colloids). Some of the relationships that physical chemistry strives to resolve include the effects of: # Intermolecular forces that act upon the physical properties of materials (plasticity, tensile strength, surface tension in liquids). # Reaction kinetics on the rate of a reaction. # The identity of ions and the electrical conductivity of materials. # Surface science and electrochemistry of cell membranes. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Notable 3D Printed Weapons And Parts
This is a list of notable 3D printed weapons and parts. The table below lists noteworthy 3D printed weapons (mainly firearms) and parts of weapons as well as items with a defense-related background. It includes 3D printed weapons and parts created using plastic producing printers as well as metal producing printers. The Liberator .380 was the first 3D printed plastic gun. It was a single shot pistol made using a Stratasys Dimension SST 3-D printer.5 Different 3D Printed Gun Models Have Been Fired Since May, 2013 – Here They Are 3D Print, September 10, 2014. archive The |
List Of Emerging Technologies
This is a list of emerging technologies, in-development technical innovations with significant potential in their applications. The criteria for this list is that the technology must: # Exist in some way; purely hypothetical technologies cannot be considered emerging and should be covered in the list of hypothetical technologies instead. However, technologies being actively researched and prototyped are acceptable. # Have a Wikipedia article or adjacent citation covering them. # Not be widely used yet. Mainstream or extensively commercialized technologies can no longer be considered emerging. Agriculture Construction Electronics, IT, and communications Entertainment Optoelectronics Energy Materials and textiles Medicine Neuroscience Military Space Transport See also General: * Anthropogenics *Differential technological development *Diffusion of innovations *Disruptive innovation *Ecological modernization *Environmental technology *F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Common 3D Test Models
This is a list of models and meshes commonly used in 3D computer graphics for testing and demonstrating rendering algorithms and visual effects. Their use is important for comparing results, similar to the way standard test images are used in image processing. Modelled Designed using CAD software; sorted by year of modelling. Scanned Includes photogrammetric methods; sorted by year of scanning. Gallery Notes See also * Standard test image, a digital image file to test image processing and compression * Catmull's hand, one of the original 3D models * Sutherland's Volkswagen, another early 3D model References External links {{commons category, 3D test models ; Standard test models The Stanford 3D Scanning Repositoryhosted by the Stanford University Large Geometric Models Archivehosted by the Georgia Institute of Technology ; Other repositories The Utah 3D Animation Repository a small collection of animated 3D models scene collection by Physically Based R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of 3D Printer Manufacturers
This is a list of notable manufacturers of 3D printers. 3D printers are a type of robot that is able to print 3D models using successive layers of material. 0–9 * 3D makeR Technologies – Barranquilla, Colombia * 3D Systems – Rock Hill, South Carolina, USA A-B * AIO Robotics – Los Angeles, California, USA * Airwolf 3D – Costa Mesa, California, USA * Aleph Objects – Loveland, Colorado, USA – (Lulzbot printers), (owned by FAME 3D) * B9Creations - Rapid City, South Dakota, USA C-F * Carbon – Redwood City, California, USA * Cellink – Boston, Massachusetts, USA * CRP Group – Modena , Italy * Creality – Shenzhen, China * Desktop Metal – Burlington, Massachusetts, USA * envisionTEC (ETEC) – Gladbeck, Germany, (owned by Desktop Metal) * Formlabs – Somerville, Massachusetts, USA * Fusion3 – Greensboro, North Carolina, USA G-L * Geeetech – Shenzhen, China * HP Inc. – Palo Alto, California, USA * Hyrel 3D – Norcross, Georgia, USA * Kikai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polymerization
In polymer chemistry, polymerization (American English), or polymerisation (British English), is a process of reacting monomer, monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks. There are many forms of polymerization and different systems exist to categorize them. In chemical compounds, polymerization can occur via a variety of reaction mechanisms that vary in complexity due to the functional groups present in the reactants and their inherent steric effects. In more straightforward polymerizations, alkenes form polymers through relatively simple free-radical reaction, radical reactions; in contrast, reactions involving substitution at a carbonyl group require more complex synthesis due to the way in which reactants polymerize. Alkanes can also be polymerized, but only with the help of strong acids. As alkenes can polymerize in somewhat straightforward radical reactions, they form useful compounds such as polyethylene and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethylene Oxide
Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the chemical formula, formula . It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered Ring (chemistry), ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening. Ethylene oxide is isomeric with acetaldehyde and with vinyl alcohol. Ethylene oxide is industrially produced by oxidation of ethylene in the presence of silver catalyst. The reactivity that is responsible for many of ethylene oxide's hazards also makes it useful. Although too dangerous for direct household use and generally unfamiliar to consumers, ethylene oxide is used for making many consumer products as well as non-consumer chemicals and intermediates. These products include detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyethylene Glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; ) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH. Uses Medical uses * Pharmaceutical-grade PEG is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products, in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms. * PEG is the basis of a number of laxatives (as ''MiraLax''). Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. * PEG is used in medicines for treating disimpaction and maintenance therapy for children with constipation. * When attached to various protein medications or drug carriers, polyethylene glycol of suitable length slows down their clearance from the blood. * The possibility that PEG could be used to fuse axons is being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poloxamer
Poloxamers are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word was coined by BASF inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973. Poloxamers are also known by the trade names Pluronic, Kolliphor (pharma grade), and Synperonic. Because the lengths of the polymer blocks can be customized, many different poloxamers exist that have slightly different properties. For the generic term ''poloxamer'', these copolymers are commonly named with the letter ''P'' (for poloxamer) followed by three digits: the first two digits multiplied by 100 give the approximate molecular mass of the polyoxypropylene core, and the last digit multiplied by 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g. P407 = poloxamer with a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 4000 g/mol and a 70% polyoxyethylene content). For the Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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