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Battle Of Cotyaeum
The Battle of Cotyaeum (modern Kütahya) of 492 CE was a major engagement is the Isaurian War fought in Phrygia Epictetus. The future Byzantine emperor Justin I Justin I ( la, Iustinus; grc-gre, Ἰουστῖνος, ''Ioustînos''; 450 – 1 August 527) was the Eastern Roman emperor from 518 to 527. Born to a peasant family, he rose through the ranks of the army to become commander of the imperial ... was present at the battle as a subordinate commander. In 2015 a mass grave containing around sixty skeletons was found in Kütahya, believed to be of Roman date. Investigations are ongoing as to whether these skeletons are victims of the Isaurian War or the Battle of Cotyaeum. References Cotyaeum 490s in the Byzantine Empire 5th century in the Byzantine Empire Cotyaeum Isaurians {{battle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire remained the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. The terms "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" were coined after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire, and to themselves as Romans—a term which Greeks continued to use for themselves into Ottoman times. Although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians prefer to differentiate the Byzantine Empire from Ancient Rome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isauria
Isauria ( or ; grc, Ἰσαυρία), in ancient geography, is a rugged, isolated, district in the interior of Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods, but generally covering what is now the district of Bozkır and its surroundings in the Konya Province of Turkey, or the core of the Taurus Mountains. In its coastal extension it bordered on Cilicia. It derives its name from the contentious Isaurian tribe and twin settlements ''Isaura Palaea'' (Ἰσαυρα Παλαιά, Latin: ''Isaura Vetus'' 'Old Isaura') and ''Isaura Nea'' (Ἰσαυρα Νέα, Latin: ''Isaura Nova'' 'New Isaura'). Isaurian marauders were fiercely independent mountain people who created havoc in neighboring districts under Macedonian and Roman occupations. History Early The permanent nucleus of Isauria was north of the Taurus range which lies directly to south of Iconium and Lystra. Lycaonia had all the Iconian plain; but Isauria began as soon as the foothills were reached. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John The Scythian
John the Scythian ( la, Iohannes Scytha, el, ; ''floruit'' 482–498) was a general and a politician of the Eastern Roman Empire who fought against the usurper Leontius (484–488) and in the Isaurian War (492–497). Biography John was an officer of the East Roman army. In 482 he was sent to Illyricum together with Moschianus to fight the Ostrogoths of Theodoric the Amal. In 483, the Emperor Zeno decided to get rid of his ''magister militum per Orientem'' ("Commander in Chief of the East") Illus, replacing him with John. In 484, Illus rebelled and put forward the civil officer Leontius as emperor. John and Theodoric, with a large army, defeated Illus and Leontius near Antioch in September of that year. The two rebels fled to IsauriaNote that both Zeno and Illus were of Isaurian origin. and holed up in the fortress of Papurius. John laid siege to the fortress; towards the end of 484, he captured and killed Trocundus, Illus' brother, who had gone out to seek reinforcements. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John The Hunchback
John the Hunchback or John ''Gibbo'' (Greek: Ίωάννης ό Κυρτός, la, Flavius Ioannes qui est Gibbus; ''floruit'' 492–499) was a general and a politician of the Eastern Roman Empire. Biography John was a native of Selymbria, modern Silivri in Turkey. Between 492 and 499, he was ''magister militum praesentalis''. In this capacity he was one of two generals of Emperor Anastasius I (r. 491–518) in the Isaurian War of 492–497, along with John the Scythian. In 492 he was one of the commanders of the Roman army at the Battle of Cotyaeum, while the following year he won an overwhelming victory against the Isaurians, after having freed the army of Diogenianus at Claudiopolis. In 498, the year after the victory over the Isaurians, it was John who captured the last enemy leaders, Longinus of Selinus and Indes, and sent them to the Emperor. Anastasius was very pleased with the victory, and amply rewarded his victorious generals: John the Scythian was made consul for 49 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justin I
Justin I ( la, Iustinus; grc-gre, Ἰουστῖνος, ''Ioustînos''; 450 – 1 August 527) was the Eastern Roman emperor from 518 to 527. Born to a peasant family, he rose through the ranks of the army to become commander of the imperial guard, and when Emperor Anastasius died he out-maneouvered his rivals and was elected as his successor, in spite of being almost 70 years old. His reign is significant for the founding of the Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty, Justinian dynasty that included his eminent nephew Justinian I and three succeeding emperors. His Queen consort, consort was Empress Euphemia (empress), Euphemia. He was noted for his strongly orthodox Christian views. This facilitated the ending of the Acacian schism between the churches of Rome and Constantinople, resulting in good relations between Justin and the papacy. Throughout his reign he stressed the religious nature of his office and passed edicts against various Christian groups seen at the tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longinus Of Cardala
Longinus of Cardala or Longinus the Bald ( el, , la, Longinus Calvus; died in 497) was a high-ranking Eastern Roman official and rebel leader from Isauria. Biography Longinus was one of several Isaurians who occupied offices in the imperial civil and military administration, especially under emperor Zeno, who was an Isaurian himself. It is said that he was rich and bald. Born in Cardala, he was appointed ''magister officiorum'' in late 484, after the defeat of the rebels Illus and Leontius, and was in office until 491, when Zeno died. After the death of the Isaurian emperor, there was a struggle for the succession that involved Longinus, Zeno's brother, and Anastasius I, the candidate supported by empress dowager Ariadne; when Anastasius I was proclaimed emperor, Longinus of Cardala was removed from his office. Many Isaurians were removed from the imperial administration, and this caused the beginning of the Isaurian War (492). Longinus of Cardala returned to Isauria, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longinus Of Selinus
Longinus of Selinus (Greek: Λογγίνος, Latin: ''Longinus Selinuntius'') (born early 5th century, died 498) was one of the Isaurian leaders in the Isaurian War of 492–497. Biography Little is known about the life of Longinus except that he was born in the Isaurian city of Selinus. He was a leader of the Isaurian revolt that erupted with the appointment of the senior officer Anastasius I as the succeeding emperor of Zeno, Byzantine Emperor from 474 to 475 and 476 to 491. After two major defeats (in 492 and 493), the Isaurian rebels closed themselves in their fortresses in the Isaurian mountains from 494 to 497, where they were kept supplied by Longinus through the port of Antioch.Joan Mervyn Hussey, ''Cambridge medieval history'', CUP Archive, 1967, p. 479-480. In 497, the war ended with the death of its leaders and a year later, Longinus was captured at Antiochia Lamotis by Roman general John the Hunchback, sent to Constantinople to be paraded at Anastasius' victory celeb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kütahya
Kütahya () (historically, Cotyaeum or Kotyaion, Ancient Greek, Greek: Κοτύαιον) is a city in western Turkey which lies on the Porsuk River, Porsuk river, at 969 metres above sea level. It is inhabited by some 578,640 people (2022 estimate). The region of Kütahya has large areas of gentle slopes with agricultural land culminating in high mountain ridges to the north and west. History Byzantine period The ancient world knew present-day Kütahya as Cotyaeum (Κοτύαιον). It became part of the Roman province of Phrygia Salutaris, but in about 820 became the capital of the new province of Phrygia Salutaris III. Its bishopric thus changed from being a suffragan of Synnada in Phrygia, Synnada to a metropolitan see, although with only three suffragan sees according to the ''Notitia Episcopatuum'' of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise (886-912), which is dated to around 901–902. According to the 6th-century historian John Malalas, Cyrus of Panopolis, who had been prefe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaurian War
The Isaurian War was a conflict that lasted from 492 to 497 and that was fought between the army of the Eastern Roman Empire and the rebels of Isauria. At the end of the war, Eastern Emperor Anastasius I regained control of the Isauria region and the leaders of the revolt were killed. Background During the reign of Theodosius II (r. 402–450) people from Isauria, a poor and mountainous province in Asia Minor, reached for the first time high office in the Eastern Roman Empire. Emperor Leo I (r. 457–474) deliberately promoted Isaurians to important posts in the civil and military administration to counterbalance the power of the hitherto all-powerful Germanic elements. The Isaurians, however, were despised as semi-barbarians by the people of Constantinople, who in 473 rose in an anti-Isaurian revolt in the Hippodrome and in 475 overthrew the newly crowned Isaurian emperor Zeno (r. 474–475 and 476–491), killing all the Isaurians in the city in the process. Zeno returned to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrygia Epictetus
Mysia (UK , US or ; el, Μυσία; lat, Mysia; tr, Misya) was a region in the northwest of ancient Asia Minor (Anatolia, Asian part of modern Turkey). It was located on the south coast of the Sea of Marmara. It was bounded by Bithynia on the east, Phrygia on the southeast, Lydia on the south, Aeolis on the southwest, Troad on the west, and the Propontis on the north. In ancient times it was inhabited by the Mysians, Phrygians, Aeolian Greeks and other groups. Geography The precise limits of Mysia are difficult to assign. The Phrygian frontier was fluctuating, while in the northwest the Troad was only sometimes included in Mysia. The northern portion was known as "Lesser Phrygia" or ( grc, μικρὰ Φρυγία, mikra Phrygia; la, Phrygia Minor), while the southern was called "Greater Phrygia" or "Pergamene Phrygia". Mysia was in later times also known as Hellespontine Phrygia ( grc, Ἑλλησποντιακὴ Φρυγία, Hellespontiake Phrygia; la, Phrycia Hel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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