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Bamboo Mosaic Virus
''Bamboo mosaic virus'' (BaMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus ''Potexvirus'' and the family ''Alphaflexiviridae''. BaMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 490 nm in length and 15 nm in width. The virus has been fully sequenced and it is 6366 nucleotides long. Like other members of the genus ''Potexvirus'', BaMV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. No insect vector is known. However, it is easily mechanically transmitted on contaminated tools used for propagation or harvesting. Distribution It was first isolated in 1974 from two species of bamboo (''Bambusa multiples'' and '' B. vulgaris'') in Brazil. In 1991 it was reported in two other bamboo species (''B. oldhammi'' and ''Dendrocalamus latiflorus'') in Taiwan. Bamboo plants infected with this virus have been found in other Pacific Islands like Hawaii and the Philippines. It has also been found in bamboo plants in Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potexvirus
''Potexvirus'' is a genus of pathogenic viruses in the order ''Tymovirales'', in the family ''Alphaflexiviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 48 species in this genus, three of which are assigned to a subgenus. Diseases associated with this genus include: mosaic and ringspot symptoms. The genus name comes from ''POTato virus X''). Taxonomy ''Potexvirus'' contains one subgenus that has three species and 45 additional species unassigned to a subgenus. The following 48 species are assigned to the genus: * Subgenus: '' Mandarivirus'' ** ''Citrus yellow mottle-associated virus'' ** ''Citrus yellow vein clearing virus'' ** '' Indian citrus ringspot virus'' The following species are unassigned to a subgenus: *'' Allium virus X'' *'' Alstroemeria virus X'' *'' Alternanthera mosaic virus'' *'' Ambrosia asymptomatic virus 1'' *'' Asparagus virus 3'' *''Babaco mosaic virus'' *'' Bamboo mosaic virus'' *''Cactus virus X'' *''Cassava Colombian symptomless virus'' *''Cassava c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphaflexiviridae
''Alphaflexiviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Tymovirales''. Plants and fungi serve as natural hosts. There are 65 species in this family, assigned to six genera. Diseases associated with this family include: mosaic and ringspot symptoms. Taxonomy The following genera are recognized: *'' Allexivirus'' *''Botrexvirus'' *'' Lolavirus'' *'' Platypuvirus'' *''Potexvirus ''Potexvirus'' is a genus of pathogenic viruses in the order '' Tymovirales'', in the family ''Alphaflexiviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 48 species in this genus, three of which are assigned to a subgenus. Diseases associated ...'' *'' Sclerodarnavirus'' Structure Viruses in the genus ''Alphaflexiviridae'' are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 12-13 nm. Genomes are linear, around 5.4-9kb in length. The genome codes for 1 to 6 proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is ach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flexuous
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Capsid
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may not correspond to individual proteins, are called capsomeres. The proteins making up the capsid are called capsid proteins or viral coat proteins (VCP). The capsid and inner genome is called the nucleocapsid. Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. The majority of the viruses have capsids with either helical or icosahedral structure. Some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have developed more complicated structures due to constraints of elasticity and electrostatics. The icosahedral shape, which has 20 equilateral triangular faces, approximates a sphere, while the helical shape resembles the shape of a spring, taking the space of a cylinder but not being a cylinder itself. The capsid faces may consist of one or more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ROC consist of 168 islands, with a combined area of . The main island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', has an area of , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. The capital, Taipei, forms along with New Taipei City and Keelung the largest metropolitan area of Taiwan. Other major cities include Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries in the world. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, but it probably comes from the Dutch or Portuguese language, which originally borrowed it from Malay or Kannada. In bamboo, as in other grasses, the internodal regions of the stem are usually hollow and the vascular bundles in the cross-section are scattered throughout the stem instead of in a cylindrical arrangement. The dicotyledonous woody xylem is also absent. The absence of secondary growth wood causes the stems of monocots, including the palms and large bamboos, to be columnar rather than tapering. Bamboos include some of the fastest-growing plants in the world, due to a unique rhizome-dependent system. Certain species of bamboo can grow within a 24-hour period, at a rate of almost an hour (equivalent to 1 mm every 90 seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barley
Barley (''Hordeum vulgare''), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains, particularly in Eurasia as early as 10,000 years ago. Globally 70% of barley production is used as animal fodder, while 30% as a source of fermentable material for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various foods. It is used in soups and stews, and in barley bread of various cultures. Barley grains are commonly made into malt in a traditional and ancient method of preparation. In 2017, barley was ranked fourth among grains in quantity produced () behind maize, rice and wheat. Etymology The Old English word for barley was ', which traces back to Proto-Indo-European and is cognate to the Latin word ' "flour" (''see corresponding entries''). The direct ancestor of modern English ''barley'' in Old English was the derived adjective ''bærlic'', meaning "of barley". The first citation of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poaceae
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass. With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae. The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals. They provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%. Some members of the Poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamboo Mosaic Potexvirus (BaMV) Cis-regulatory Element
The Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element represents a cloverleaf-like cis-regulatory element found in the 3' UTR of the bamboo mosaic virus. This family is thought to play an important role in the initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis and may also be involved in the regulation of viral replication Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur. Through the generation of abundant copies of its genome an .... See also * Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element References External links * Cis-regulatory RNA elements Potexviruses {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamboo Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA Cis-regulatory Element
The bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element is an RNA element found in the 5' UTR of the genome of the bamboo mosaic virus. This element is thought to be essential for efficient RNA replication. See also *Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element *Potato virus X cis-acting regulatory element The Potato virus X cis-acting regulatory element is a cis-acting regulatory element found in the 3' UTR of the Potato virus X genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. ... * Poxvirus AX element late mRNA cis-regulatory element References External links * Cis-regulatory RNA elements Potexviruses {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Plant Pathogens And Diseases
Viral means "relating to viruses" (small infectious agents). Viral may also refer to: Viral behavior, or virality Memetic behavior likened that of a virus, for example: * Viral marketing, the use of existing social networks to spread a marketing message * Viral phenomenon, relating to contagion theory or the "virality" of network culture, such as a meme * Viral video, a video that quickly attains a high popularity Titled works * ''Viral'' (2016 American film), a 2016 American science fiction horror drama * ''Viral'' (2016 Hindi film), an Indian Bollywood film based on social media * ''Viral'' (web series), a 2014 Brazilian comedy web series * '' V/H/S: Viral'', an American anthology horror film * '' Viral: The Search for the Origin of COVID-19'', a book by Alina Chand and Matt Ridley See also * ''Virals'', a novel series by Kathy Reichs * Virulence Virulence is a pathogen's or microorganism's ability to cause damage to a host. In most, especially in animal system ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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