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Blood Replacement
In both rugby union and rugby league, a blood replacement (also referred to as a blood substitution or blood bin) is a special kind of substitution which can be used in the case of a player having to leave the field of play temporarily to have a wound attended to. Both rugby union and rugby league are physically demanding games, so musculoskeletal injuries are common, as well as injuries to the head and neck, and fractures. During the IRB 2011 Rugby World Cup, a study was conducted to determine the frequency and nature of the injuries sustained. It confirmed that rugby, like many other contact sports, has a high incidence of injury. Rugby union In rugby union, blood replacements are provided for by Law 3.10 of the International Rugby Board World Rugby is the world governing body for the sport of rugby union. World Rugby organises the Rugby World Cup every four years, the sport's most recognised and most profitable competition. It also organises a number of other intern ...
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Rugby Union
Rugby union, commonly known simply as rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is played between two teams of 15 players each, using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field called a pitch. The field has H-shaped goalposts at both ends. Rugby union is a popular sport around the world, played by people of all genders, ages and sizes. In 2014, there were more than 6 million people playing worldwide, of whom 2.36 million were registered players. World Rugby, previously called the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) and the International Rugby Board (IRB), has been the governing body for rugby union since 1886, and currently has 101 countries as full members and 18 associate members. In 1845, the first laws were written by students attending Rugby School; other significant ...
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Rugby League
Rugby league football, commonly known as just rugby league and sometimes football, footy, rugby or league, is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring 68 metres (75 yards) wide and 112–122 metres (122 to 133 yards) long with H shaped posts at both ends. It is one of the two codes of rugby football, the other being rugby union. It originated in 1895 in Huddersfield, Yorkshire as the result of a split from the Rugby Football Union over the issue of payments to players.Tony Collins, ''Rugby League in Twentieth Century Britain'' (2006), p.3 The rules of the game governed by the new Northern Rugby Football Union progressively changed from those of the RFU with the specific aim of producing a faster and more entertaining game to appeal to spectators, on whose income the new organisation and its members depended. Due to its high-velocity contact, cardio-based endurance and minimal use of body protection, rugby leag ...
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Substitution (sport)
In team sports, substitution (or interchange) is replacing one player with another during a match. Substitute players that are not in the starting lineup (also known as bench players, backups, interchange, or reserves) reside on the bench and are available to substitute for a starter. Later in the match, that substitute may be substituted for by another substitute or by a starter who is currently on the bench. Some sports have restrictions on substituting or interchanging players whereas others do not. Futsal, handball, ice hockey and lacrosse are examples of sports which allow an unlimited number of substitutions at any time during the game, subject to certain rules. American football, basketball, and water polo are examples of sports that allow unlimited substitutions during stoppages of play, but not during live play. Association football, baseball, and rugby are examples of sports where teams are only permitted a limited number of substitutions during a game. In motorspor ...
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Wound
A wound is a rapid onset of injury that involves lacerated or punctured skin (an ''open'' wound), or a contusion (a ''closed'' wound) from blunt force trauma or compression. In pathology, a ''wound'' is an acute injury that damages the epidermis of the skin. To heal a wound, the body undertakes a series of actions collectively known as the wound healing process. Classification According to level of contamination, a wound can be classified as: * Clean wound – made under sterile conditions where there are no organisms present, and the skin is likely to heal without complications. * Contaminated wound – usually resulting from accidental injury; there are pathogenic organisms and foreign bodies in the wound. * Infected wound – the wound has pathogenic organisms present and multiplying, exhibiting clinical signs of infection (yellow appearance, soreness, redness, oozing pus). * Colonized wound – a chronic situation, containing pathogenic organisms, difficult to heal (e.g ...
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International Rugby Board
World Rugby is the world governing body for the sport of rugby union. World Rugby organises the Rugby World Cup every four years, the sport's most recognised and most profitable competition. It also organises a number of other international rugby competitions, such as the World Rugby Sevens Series, the Rugby World Cup Sevens, the World Under 20 Championship, and the Pacific Nations Cup. World Rugby's headquarters are in Dublin, Ireland. Its membership now comprises 120 national unions. Each member country must also be a member of one of the six regional unions into which the world is divided: Africa, Americas North, Asia, Europe, South America, and Oceania. World Rugby was founded as the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) in 1886 by , and , with joining in 1890. , and became full members in 1949. became a member in 1978 and a further 80 members joined from 1987 to 1999. The body was renamed the International Rugby Board (IRB) in 1998, and took up its current name ...
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Bloodgate
Bloodgate was a rugby union scandal involving English team Harlequins in their Heineken Cup quarter-final against Irish side Leinster on 12 April 2009. Harlequins wing Tom Williams feigned an injury using a fake blood capsule in order for Harlequins to make another substitution late in the game. The incident resulted in bans for Williams, director of rugby Dean Richards and physiotherapist Steph Brennan, as well as a fine for the club. It has been described as "rugby's biggest scandal". Events Seven minutes into the second half of their 2008–09 Heineken Cup quarter-final against Leinster, Harlequins fly-half Nick Evans suffered a thigh injury and was replaced by Chris Malone. However, Malone tore his hamstring 20 minutes later and was replaced by winger Tom Williams, leaving full-back Mike Brown as the best available kicking option. With eight minutes to play and the score at 6–5 to Leinster, Brown had the chance to give Harlequins the lead from a penalty, but he push ...
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Harlequin FC
Harlequins (officially Harlequin Football Club) is a professional rugby union club that plays in Premiership Rugby, the top level of English rugby union. Their home ground is the Twickenham Stoop, located in Twickenham, south-west London. Founded in 1866 as "Hampstead Football Club", they took the name Harlequins in 1870. They were one of the founding members of the RFU. For sponsorship reasons they were formerly known as "NEC Harlequins", but principal sponsorship is currently held by DHL and Castore. Harlequins have been champions of England twice winning the title in 2012 and most recently in 2020-21 Premiership Rugby, 2021. They won the European Challenge Cup in 2001, 2004 and 2011, and the domestic cup in 1987–88 John Player Cup, 1988, 1990–91 Pilkington Cup, 1991 and 2012–13 LV Cup, 2013. The current club captain is Stephan Lewies, with Billy Millard Director of Rugby Performance and Tabai Matson Head Coach for the 2021/22 season. History Formation and early y ...
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Tom Williams (rugby Player, Born 1983)
Tom Williams (born 12 October 1983) is an English former rugby union player who played for Harlequins in the Aviva Premiership. He normally played at either full-back or on the wing. Early life Williams was born in Brighton and attended Windlesham House School. He represented Wales at U16 and U19 level, then switched to England for the 2002 IRB U19 World Cup. International career Williams represented England in the 2003-04 World Sevens Series, winning the Hong Kong leg. He also competed in the 2006-07 IRB Sevens World Series. Club career Williams started and scored a try for Harlequins in their 2011–12 Premiership final victory over Leicester Tigers. He is a member of the “200 Club” having represented Harlequins for over 200 games. He retired in 2015. Bloodgate During the 2008–09 Heineken Cup quarter final against Leinster Leinster ( ; ga, Laighin or ) is one of the provinces of Ireland, situated in the southeast and east of Ireland. The provinc ...
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Blood Sports
A blood sport or bloodsport is a category of sport or entertainment that involves bloodshed. Common examples of the former include combat sports such as cockfighting and dog fighting, and some forms of hunting and fishing. Activities characterized as blood sports, but involving only human participants, include the Ancient Roman gladiatorial games. Etymology According to Tanner Carson, the earliest use of the term is in reference to mounted hunting, where the quarry would be actively chased, as in fox hunting or hare coursing. Before firearms a hunter using arrows or a spear might also wound an animal, which would then be chased and perhaps killed at close range, as in medieval boar hunting. The term was popularised by author Henry Stephens Salt. Later, the term seems to have been applied to various kinds of baiting and forced combat: bull-baiting, bear-baiting, cockfighting, and later developments such as dog fighting and rat-baiting. The animals were specially br ...
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Rugby League Terminology
Rugby may refer to: Sport * Rugby football in many forms: ** Rugby league: 13 players per side *** Masters Rugby League *** Mod league *** Rugby league nines *** Rugby league sevens *** Touch (sport) *** Wheelchair rugby league ** Rugby union: 15 players per side *** American flag rugby *** Beach rugby *** Mini rugby *** Rugby sevens, 7 players per side *** Rugby tens, 10 players per side *** Snow rugby *** Touch rugby *** Tambo rugby ** Both codes *** Tag rugby *Rugby Fives, a handball game, similar to squash, played in an enclosed court * Underwater rugby, an underwater sport played in a swimming pool and named after rugby football *Rugby ball, a ball for use in rugby football Arts and entertainment * '' Rugby'' (video game), the 2000 installment of Electronic Arts' Rugby video game series * ''Rugby'', second movement of ''Mouvements symphoniques'' by Arthur Honegger Brands and enterprises * Rugby (automobile), made by Durant Motors * Rugby Cement, a former UK PLC, now a ...
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