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Bejtexhi
The Bejtexhinj (in Albanian sing. ''bejtexhi'', pl. ''bejtexhinj''; from tr, beyte meaning "poem"), were popular bards of the Muslim tradition, literally meaning "couplet makers". It means the same in the Albanian literature, firstly muslim poets, that engaged in beit poetry. This genre of literature created in Albania in the 18th century that prevailed in different cities of what is now Albania, Kosovo, Chameria as well as in religious centers. The spread of Bejtexhinj was a product of two different significant factors. There was a demand in religious practices to write in Albanian and to free it from foreign influence. The other factor was the accretion of ideological pressure from Turkish rulers. The ruling Ottomans sought the submission of Albanians through the Muslim religion and culture. Albania rulers opened their own schools with many Bejtexhinj poets in attendance. History The Bejtexhinj wrote Albanian in the Elifba alphabet, an adaption of the Ottoman Turkish alpha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian Literature
Albanian literature stretches back to the Middle Ages and comprises those literary texts and works written in Albanian. It may also refer to literature written by Albanians in Albania, Kosovo and the Albanian diaspora particularly in Italy. Albanian occupies an independent branch within the Indo-European family and does not have any other closely related language. The origin of Albanian is not entirely known, but it may be a successor of the ancient Illyrian language. The Archbishop of Antivari Guillaume Adam wrote a report in 1332 in which he said that Albanians used Latin letters in their books although their language was quite different from the Latin language. The oldest surviving documents written in Albanian are the "Formula e pagëzimit" (Baptismal formula) recorded by Pal Engjëlli, Bishop of Durrës in 1462 in the Gheg dialect, and some New Testament verses from that period. Medieval period 15th century The expansion of the Ottoman Empire pushed many Albanians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulejman Naibi
Sulejman Naibi (Ramazani) was an Albanian early period poet of the bejtexhinj era. Life Not much is known from his life. He was a contemporary and arguably less-important to the other ''bejtexhi'' Nezim Frakulla. Naibi was born in Berat, Sanjak of Berat, and part of the Janina Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. Naibi lived most of his life in Berat and died there in 1771 or 1772. He was a bektashi. Poetry Some of his works were written in Elbasan, presumably he was married there. Naibi's language is purer and with less loaned Oriental words. His verse is influenced a lot from the Arabic tradition. He probably lived in Turkey or Middle East for some time. Sulejman Naibi is the author of a diwan of poetry in Albanian, a manuscript of which survived in Fier until 1944, but was then unfortunately lost. Only a few of his poems have surfaced in other manuscripts or have survived orally in central Albanian folk songs, such as ''Mahmudeja e stolisurë'' (Mahmude, Well-Adorned One), which the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhamet Kyçyku (Çami)
Muhamet Kyçyku also known as Muhamet Çami (1784-1844) was a Cham Albanian author and one of the most famous bejtexhinj, the author of two religious poems. His major work is Erveheja written in 1820 but published in 1888. Life He was born in Konispol on July 9, 1784, but we do not know much about his early childhood. He attended religious education for eleven years at al-Azhar in Cairo, then returned to his native village and served as a imam until his death in 1844. Kyçyku has been a more productive author compared to others. He wrote in his Cham dialect and, apparently, was the first Albanian author to deal with the long poem. He is known for two poems with religious subjects and motives: Erveheja and Jusufi and Zylihaja. His major work is the Erveheja written in 1820, the source of which is the Persian Tûtî-nâme (The Story of a Parrot) by Ziyauddin Nakhshabî, inspired by the original Sanskrit Śukasaptati.{{cite book, author1=Elsie, first=Robert, title=Albanian Liter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beit
A Beit (also spelled bait, ar, بيت , literally "a house") is a metrical unit of Arabic, Iranian, Urdu and Sindhi poetry. It corresponds to a line, though sometimes improperly renderered as "couplet" since each ''beit'' is divided into two hemistichs of equal length, each containing two, three or four feet, or from 16 to 32 syllables."Arabian Poetry for English Readers," by William Alexander Clouston (1881)p. 379in Google Books William Alexander Clouston concluded that this fundamental part of Arabic prosody originated with the Bedouins or Arabs of the desert, as, in the nomenclature of the different parts of the line, one foot is called "a tent-pole", another "tent-peg" and the two hemistichs of the verse are called after the folds or leaves of the double-door of the tent or "house". Through Ottoman Turkish, it got into Albanian and the bards of Muslim tradition in the Albanian literature took their name after this metrical unit, the poets known as bejtexhi The Bejt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasan Zyko Kamberi
Hasan Zyko Kamberi was a distinguished bejtexhi (bard) writer of Albanian literature. Overview He was born in the second half of the eighteenth century in Starje, a southern Albanian village near Kolonja at the foot of Mount Gramoz. All that is known of his life is that he took part in the Turkish-Austrian Battle of Smederevo on the Danube east of Belgrade in 1789 203 A.H.in an army under the command of Ali Pasha Tepelena (1741–1822). He died a dervish, according to Elsie no doubt of the Bektashi sect, in his native village at the beginning of the nineteenth century. According to Arshi Pipa, there is no evidence that Kamberi belonged to the Bektashi order of Sufism. His tomb in Starja was indeed turned into a Bektashi shrine known locally as the türbe of Baba Hasani. Kamberi is one of the most commanding representatives of the Muslim tradition in Albanian literature, though his main work, a 200-page mecmua (verse collection), has disappeared. A manuscript of this col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feudalism
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships that were derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour. Although it is derived from the Latin word ''feodum'' or ''feudum'' (fief), which was used during the Medieval period, the term ''feudalism'' and the system which it describes were not conceived of as a formal political system by the people who lived during the Middle Ages. The classic definition, by François Louis Ganshof (1944), François Louis Ganshof (1944). ''Qu'est-ce que la féodalité''. Translated into English by Philip Grierson as ''Feudalism'', with a foreword by F. M. Stenton, 1st ed.: New York and London, 1952; 2nd ed: 1961; 3rd ed.: 1976. describes a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations which existed am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rexhep Voka
Nuredin Rexhep Voka (1847 - 1917) was an Albanian alim, mufti, writer and a prominent activist of the Albanian National Awakening. Biography Rexhep Voka was born in 1847 in the village of Şipkovica, Tetovo. In 1868, Voka undertook religious studies in Istanbul where he worked as a professor after completing his education. Voka returned to Kalkandelen in 1895 where he became involved in the Albanian National Renaissance. In 1903, Voka was appointed Mufti of the Manastir Vilayet and founded the first Albanian theological college in Üsküb (today Skopje). In Monastir, before the Young Turk revolution, Voka started learning Albanian in Latin characters from Albanian Protestant missionaries. In 1905, Voka attended the Pan-Albanian Congress organized in Bucharest. Headed by Albert Ghica, attended by Ismail Qemali and deliberated with Bucharest's Albanian community, the congress discussed the Albanian issue. Rexhep Voka was a member of ''Bashkimi'' (Unity) at the time of the Young Tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maliq Rakoveci
Maliq ( sq-definite, Maliqi) formerly known as Malik, is a town and a municipality in Korçë County of eastern Albania. It is the smaller of two cities in the district, the other being Korçë, southeast of Maliq. The current enlarged municipality was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former administrative units of Gorë, Libonik, Maliq, Moglicë, Pirg, Pojan and Vreshtas. The seat of the municipality is the town Maliq. The total population is 41,757 (2011 census), in a total area of 656.89 km2. The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 4,290. The municipal unit consists of the town Maliq and the villages Kolanec, Goce, Gjyras, Bickë, Fshat Maliq and Plovisht. History The city of Malqi contains early Bronze Age archaeological sites, which offer evidence of cultural continuity of early Bronze Age peoples in the Balkans. The archaeological site of Maliq IIIa shows signs of pottery ware designs influenced by pottery styles in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konispol
Konispol ( sq-definite, Konispoli) is the southernmost town in Albania. It sits one kilometer away from the Border crossings of Albania, Albanian-Greek border. The settlement is inhabited by Muslim Cham Albanians. Konispol is the modern centre of the Cham Albanian community in Albania. The main economic interests of Konispol are agriculture and viticulture. The town is the seat of the southernmost administrative unit in Albania, the Municipality of Konispol ( sq, Bashkia Konispol). It was formed during the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities of Konispol, Markat and Xarrë. The total population is 8,245 (2011 census), in a total area of 226.26 km2. The population of the former Konispol municipality at the 2011 census was 2,123. The former Konispol municipal unit (pre-2015) consisted of the town Konispol and the village Çiflik. The new larger municipality of Konispol contains settlements that are inhabited by Albanians who form the majority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frashër
Frashër (; sq-definite, Frashëri; rup, Farshar) is a village and a former municipality in the Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Përmet. The population at the 2011 census was 387. The municipal unit consists of the villages Frashër, Zavalan, Ogren-Kostrec, Gostivisht, Miçan, Vërçisht, Kreshovë and Soropull. Frashër is widely regarded as the 'Mecca' of Albania and is known for the disproportionate number of prominent intellectuals it has produced - especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Name The name of the settlement means "ash-tree" in Albanian language, Albanian. The word ''wikt:Frashër, frashër'' (Gheg Albanian: ''frashën'') derives from the Proto-Albanian rendering of Latin ''fraxinus''. The settlement represents an inhabited centre that was founded after the Roman period of the Albanian language. It is said that the Frashër area has been covered with ash forests, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolonjë
Kolonjë is a municipality in Korçë County, southeastern Albania. It was created in 2015 by the merger of the former municipalities Barmash, Çlirim, Ersekë, Leskovik, Mollas, Novoselë, Qendër Ersekë and Qendër Leskovik. The seat of the municipality is the town Ersekë. The total population is 11,070 (2011 census), in a total area of . It is an ethnographic region. The area of the municipality is with the former Kolonjë District, one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 counties. Location Kolonjë is located in south-east Albania and its capital is Ersekë. Other towns in this district include Leskovik to the south. It is bounded by Korçë to the north and Greece to the east, including the regional units of Kastoria and Ioannina. The town of Ersekë is located at the foot of mount Gramos, Albania's fourth-highest mountain with a peak at 2,525 m above sea level. History During the Middle Ages a region under the name K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pristina
Pristina, ; sr, / (, ) is the capital and largest city of Kosovo. The city's municipal boundaries in Pristina District form the largest urban center in Kosovo. After Tirana, Pristina has the second largest population of ethnic Albanians and speakers of the Albanian language. Inhabited by humans since prehistoric times, the area of Pristina was home to several Illyrian peoples. King Bardyllis of the Dardanians brought various tribes together in the 4th century BC and established the Dardanian Kingdom.''The Cambridge Ancient History: The fourth century B.C.'' Volume 6 of The Cambridge Ancient History Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards, , , Authors: D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Editors: D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Second Edition, Cambridge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
