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Basic Writing
Basic writing, or developmental writing, is a subdiscipline of composition studies which focuses on the writing of students sometimes otherwise called "remedial" or "underprepared", usually freshman college students. Definition Sometimes called "remedial" or "developmental" writing, basic writing (BW) was developed in the 1970s in response to open admissions policies. BW can refer to both a type of composition course and a field of study. The term "basic writing" was coined by Mina Shaughnessy, a pioneer in the field, to distinguish it from previous terms like "bonehead" or "remedial". BW courses are designed to teach formal written standard English to students deemed un(der)prepared for first-year composition. Despite documented concerns about the ability of multiple-choice and impromptu timed-writing examinations to predict performance on authentic writing tasks, institutions of higher education typically enroll students in BW courses based on standardized or placement test scores, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Composition Studies
Composition studies (also referred to as composition and rhetoric, rhetoric and composition, writing studies, or simply composition) is the professional field of writing, research, and instruction, focusing especially on writing at the college level in the United States. The flagship national organization for this field is the Conference on College Composition and Communication. In most US and some Canadian colleges and universities, undergraduates take freshman or higher-level composition courses. To support the effective administration of these courses, the development of basic and applied research on the acquisition of writing skills, and an understanding of the history of the uses and transformation of writing systems and writing technologies (among many other subareas of research), over 70 American universities offer doctoral study in rhetoric and composition. These programs of study usually include composition pedagogical theory, linguistics, professional and technical commu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mike Rose (educator)
Mike Rose (May 14, 1944 – August 15, 2021) was an American scholar of education who studied literacy and the struggles of working-class America. He was a Research Professor of Social Research Methodology in the UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies. Early life Rose was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania, on May 14, 1944, the son of Italian immigrants Rose (née Meraglio) and Tommy Rose. At the age of seven, he moved with his family to a working-class neighborhood in South Los Angeles. He drifted uneventfully through most of his early education. Through a mix up in test scores with another student with the same surname, he was placed in a vocational education track upon entering high school at Our Lady of Mercy. After several years, a teacher looked at his records and discovered that Rose had been misplaced in the vocational track. Rose was moved out of the vocational track and began the following school year in the college prep track. Once there, a dedicated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literacy
Literacy in its broadest sense describes "particular ways of thinking about and doing reading and writing" with the purpose of understanding or expressing thoughts or ideas in written form in some specific context of use. In other words, humans in literate societies have sets of practices for producing and consuming writing, and they also have beliefs about these practices. Reading, in this view, is always reading something for some purpose; writing is always writing something for someone for some particular ends. Beliefs about reading and writing and its value for society and for the individual always influence the ways literacy is taught, learned, and practiced over the lifespan. Some researchers suggest that the history of interest in the concept of "literacy" can be divided into two periods. Firstly is the period before 1950, when literacy was understood solely as alphabetical literacy (word and letter recognition). Secondly is the period after 1950, when literacy slowly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First-year Composition
First-year composition (sometimes known as first-year writing, freshman composition or freshman writing) is an introductory core curriculum writing course in US colleges and universities. This course focuses on improving students' abilities to write in a university setting and introduces students to writing practices in the disciplines and professions. These courses are traditionally required of incoming students, thus the previous name, "Freshman Composition." Scholars working within the field of composition studies often have teaching first-year composition (FYC) courses as the practical focus of their scholarly work. FYC courses are structured in a variety of ways. Some institutions of higher education require only one term of FYC, while others require two or three courses. There are a number of identifiable pedagogies associated with FYC, including: current-traditional, expressivist, social-epistemic, process, post-process and Writing about Writing (WAW). Each of these p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooling Out
Cooling out is an informal set of practices used by colleges, especially two-year, junior, and community colleges, to handle students whose lack of academic ability or other resources prevent them from achieving the educational goals they have developed for themselves such as attaining a bachelor's degree. The purpose of cooling out is to encourage the students to adjust their expectations or redefine failure. The practices contrast with "warming up", in which students who aspire to easier educational goals are encouraged to reach for more ambitious degrees. History According to Burton R. Clark's 1960 article "The Cooling-Out Function in Higher Education", the term was first used by Erving Goffman in the 1952 article "Cooling the Mark Out: Some Aspects of Adaptation to Failure". Goffman used the term to describe a practice of confidence artists, but Clark proposed that it was a legitimate function of higher education to gradually refocus students from unattainable goals to achievem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Composition Studies
Composition studies (also referred to as composition and rhetoric, rhetoric and composition, writing studies, or simply composition) is the professional field of writing, research, and instruction, focusing especially on writing at the college level in the United States. The flagship national organization for this field is the Conference on College Composition and Communication. In most US and some Canadian colleges and universities, undergraduates take freshman or higher-level composition courses. To support the effective administration of these courses, the development of basic and applied research on the acquisition of writing skills, and an understanding of the history of the uses and transformation of writing systems and writing technologies (among many other subareas of research), over 70 American universities offer doctoral study in rhetoric and composition. These programs of study usually include composition pedagogical theory, linguistics, professional and technical commu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Consciousness
Double consciousness is the internal conflict experienced by subordinated or colonized groups in an oppressive society. The term and the idea were first published in W. E. B. Du Bois's autoethnographic work, ''The Souls of Black Folk'' in 1903, in which he described the African American experience of double consciousness, including his own.Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. New York, Avenel, NJ: Gramercy Books; 1994 Originally, double consciousness was specifically the psychological challenge African Americans experienced of "always looking at one's self through the eyes" of a racist white society and "measuring oneself by the means of a nation that looked back in contempt". The term also referred to Du Bois's experiences of reconciling his African heritage with an upbringing in a European-dominated society. The idea of double consciousness is important because it illuminates the experiences of black people living in post-slavery America, and also because it sets a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adjunct Professor
An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time. The terms of this appointment and the job security of the tenure vary in different parts of the world, however the general definition is agreed upon. The term "Adjuncting" is a way of referring to a bona-fide part-time faculty member who has worked in an adjunct position for an institution of higher education. Terminology They may also be called an adjunct lecturer, adjunct instructor, or adjunct faculty. Collectively, they may be referred to as contingent academic labor. The rank of sessional lecturer in Canadian universities is similar to the US concept. North America In the United States, an adjunct is, in most cases, a non-tenure-track faculty member. However, it can also be a scholar or teacher whose primary employer is not the school or department with which they have adjunct status. Adjunct professors make up the majority of instructors in high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ira Shor
Ira Shor (born June 2, 1945) is a professor at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York, where he teaches composition and rhetoric. He is also doctoral faculty in the PhD Program in English, at The Graduate Center, CUNY. Biography Shor grew up in the working class area in the South Bronx of New York City. According to Shor, coming from a working class area had a powerful influence on his thinking, politics and feelings. Personal life Shor has one son, Paulo Shor, whom he named after his main influence Paulo Freire. Theoretical Contribution In collaboration with Paulo Freire, he has been one of the leading exponents of critical pedagogy Critical pedagogy is a philosophy of education and social movement that developed and applied concepts from critical theory and related traditions to the field of education and the study of culture. It insists that issues of social justice and de .... Together they cowrote ''A Pedagogy for Liberation''. Works *''Critica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Min-Zhan Lu
Min-Zhan Lu is a composition professor and scholar. She serves as Professor Emerita of English at the University of Louisville. She is the 2005 recipient of the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC) Richard M. Braddock Award and the 2012 CCCC Outstanding Book Award. Early life and education Lu grew up in China at the turn of the Communist Revolution in the mid to late 1940s. She grew up speaking Shanghai dialect, Standard Chinese, and English at a young age. She learned Standard Chinese while attending a private school after the Communist Revolution in 1949. Lu was awarded her MA and PhD at the University of Pittsburgh in 1983 and 1989 respectively, where she studied in the Cultural and Critical Studies Program. During her PhD program, she served as an Andrew W. Mellon Predoctoral Fellow (1987-1988). Career and research As a non-native English speaker, Lu did not intend on becoming a composition teacher after completing her PhD. While searching for jobs, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community College Of Baltimore County
The Community College of Baltimore County (CCBC) is a public community college in Baltimore County, Maryland, with three main campuses and three extension centers. Academics CCBC has more than 100 associate degree and certificate programs in a wide range of fieldAnnual enrollment is greater than 72,000 students, most of whom live in the surrounding communities. The college has nationwide and international ties as well, with the student body representing 55 countries. The Catonsville, Dundalk, and Essex campuses each have an Honors Program for day and evening students. Campuses CCBC has three main campuses located in the Catonsville, Maryland, Catonsville, Dundalk, and Essex communities of Baltimore County, Maryland, as well as extension centers located in the Hunt Valley, Owings Mills, and Randallstown communities of Baltimore County. Each campus started as its own college, with Hunt Valley, Owings Mills, and Randallstown centers being extensions to Catonsville Commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
