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Archival Appraisal
In archival science and archive administration, appraisal is a process usually conducted by members of the record-holding institution (often professional archivists) in which a body of records is examined to determine its value for that institution. It also involves determining how long this value will last. The activity is one of the central tasks of an archivist to determine archival value of specific records. When it occurs prior to acquisition, the appraisal process involves assessing records for inclusion in the archives. In connection with an institution's collecting policy, appraisal "represents a doorway into the archives through which all records must pass". Some considerations when conducting appraisal include how to meet the record-granting body's organizational needs, how to uphold requirements of organizational accountability (be they legal, institutional, or determined by archival ethics), and how to meet the expectations of the record-using community. While archival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archival Science
Archival science, or archival studies, is the study and theory of building and curating archives, which are collections of documents, recordings and data storage devices. To build and curate an archive, one must acquire and evaluate recorded materials, and be able to access them later. To this end, archival science seeks to improve methods for appraising, storing, preserving, and cataloging recorded materials. An archival record preserves data that is not intended to change. In order to be of value to society, archives must be trustworthy. Therefore, an archivist has a responsibility to authenticate archival materials, such as historical documents, and to ensure their reliability, integrity, and usability. Archival records must be what they claim to be; accurately represent the activity they were created for; present a coherent picture through an array of content; and be in usable condition in an accessible location. An archive curator is called an ''archivist''; the curatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Movements
A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a Social issue, social or political one. This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one. It is a type of Group action (sociology), group action and may involve individuals, organizations, or both. Social movements have been described as "organizational structures and strategies that may empower oppressed populations to mount effective challenges and resist the more powerful and advantaged elites". They represent a method of social change from the bottom within nations. Political science and sociology have developed a variety of theories and empirical research on social movements. For example, some research in political science highlights the relation between popular movements and the formation of new political party, political parties as well as discussing the function of social movements in relation to Agenda-setting theory, agenda setting and inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in the northeastern part of the state, it is situated along the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. maritime border with Canada, northeast of Cincinnati, northeast of Columbus, and approximately west of Pennsylvania. The largest city on Lake Erie and one of the major cities of the Great Lakes region, Cleveland ranks as the 54th-largest city in the U.S. with a 2020 population of 372,624. The city anchors both the Greater Cleveland metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and the larger Cleveland–Akron–Canton combined statistical area (CSA). The CSA is the most populous in Ohio and the 17th largest in the country, with a population of 3.63 million in 2020, while the MSA ranks as 34th largest at 2.09 million. Cleveland was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River by General Moses Cleaveland, after whom the city was named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Police Brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, beatings, shootings, "improper takedowns, and unwarranted use of tasers." History The origin of modern policing can be traced back to 18th century France. By the 19th and early 20th centuries, many nations had established Police#History, modern police departments. Early records suggest that labor strikes were the first large-scale incidents of police brutality in the United States, including events like the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, the Pullman Strike of 1894, the Lawrence textile strike, Lawrence Textile Strike of 1912, the Ludlow massacre, Ludlow Massacre of 1914, the Steel strike of 1919, Great Steel Strike of 1919, and the Hanapepe massacre, Hanapepe Massacre of 1924. The term "police brutality" was first used in Britain in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Preservation
In library and archival science, digital preservation is a formal endeavor to ensure that digital information of continuing value remains accessible and usable. It involves planning, resource allocation, and application of preservation methods and technologies,Day, Michael. "The long-term preservation of Web content". Web archiving (Berlin: Springer, 2006), pp. 177-199. . and it combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and "born-digital" content, regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time.Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. (December 2008). The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa. The Association for Library Collections and Technical Services Preservation and Reformatting Section of the American Library Association, defined digital preservation as combination of "policies, strategies an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Curation
Digital curation is the selection, preservation, maintenance, collection and archiving of digital assets. Digital curation establishes, maintains and adds value to repositories of digital data for present and future use. This is often accomplished by archivists, librarians, scientists, historians, and scholars. Enterprises are starting to use digital curation to improve the quality of information and data within their operational and strategic processes. Successful digital curation will mitigate digital obsolescence, keeping the information accessible to users indefinitely. Digital curation includes digital asset management, data curation, digital preservation, and electronic records management. Word History Much like the word ''archive'' has layered meanings and uses, the word ''curation'' is both a noun and a verb used originally in the field of museology to represent a wide range of activities, most often associated with collection care, long-term preservation, and exhibition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genealogists
Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kinship and pedigrees of its members. The results are often displayed in charts or written as narratives. The field of family history is broader than genealogy, and covers not just lineage but also family and community history and biography. The record of genealogical work may be presented as a "genealogy", a "family history", or a "family tree". In the narrow sense, a "genealogy" or a "family tree" traces the descendants of one person, whereas a "family history" traces the ancestors of one person, but the terms are often used interchangeably. A family history may include additional biographical information, family traditions, and the like. The pursuit of family history and origins tends to be shaped by several motives, including the desire t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Web Crawler
A Web crawler, sometimes called a spider or spiderbot and often shortened to crawler, is an Internet bot that systematically browses the World Wide Web and that is typically operated by search engines for the purpose of Web indexing (''web spidering''). Web search engines and some other websites use Web crawling or spidering software to update their web content or indices of other sites' web content. Web crawlers copy pages for processing by a search engine, which indexes the downloaded pages so that users can search more efficiently. Crawlers consume resources on visited systems and often visit sites unprompted. Issues of schedule, load, and "politeness" come into play when large collections of pages are accessed. Mechanisms exist for public sites not wishing to be crawled to make this known to the crawling agent. For example, including a robots.txt file can request bots to index only parts of a website, or nothing at all. The number of Internet pages is extremely large; ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Records Life-cycle
Records life-cycle in records management refers to the following stages of a records "life span": from its creation to its preservation (in an archives) or disposal. While various models of the records life-cycle exist, they all feature creation or receipt, use, and disposition. Overview The records management phase of the records life-cycle consists of creation, classification, maintenance and disposition. Creation occurs during the receipt of information in the form of records. Records or their information is classified in some logical system. As records are used they require maintenance. Disposition encompasses the destruction or transfer to an archive for future reference. This is then followed by a second, archival phase consisting of the selection or acquisition of the records by an archives, a description of the records in inventories, finding aids, and the like and the preservation of the records or, perhaps, the information in the records. Researchers and scholars may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helen Willa Samuels
Helen Willa Samuels (born 1943) is an American archivist and scholar in archival studies. She is best known for her essay "Who Controls the Past", which introduced the concept of archival documentation strategy, and her book ''Varsity Letters: Documenting Modern Colleges and Universities''. Biography Helen Samuels was born in Queens, New York City, in 1943. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Queens College in 1964 and a Masters in Library Science from Simmons College in 1965. She began her career in libraries in 1967 as the Music Specialist at the Massachusetts Public Library in Brookline, and worked as the Music Librarian at the Hilles Library at Radcliffe College until 1972. In 1972 she was hired by the University of Cincinnati to run their fledgling archival program, a repository participating of the Ohio Historical Society's regional network. There she collaborated with faculty in the history department in order to create the university's first institutional archive, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staatsarchiv Erdberg Sep 2006 004 , the archives of the canton of Zürich, Switzerland
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Staatsarchiv may refer to the archives of one of several national or sub-national governments: * Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg, the archives of the state of Hesse, situated in Marburg, Germany * Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, the national archives of Austria * Staatsarchiv Bern, the archives of the canton of Bern, Switzerland * Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg, the archives of various public bodies in and around the city of Stuttgart, Germany * Staatsarchiv München, the archives of the administration of Upper Bavaria, Germany * Staatsarchiv des Kantons St. Gallen, the archives of the canton of St Gallen, Switzerland * Staatsarchiv Zürich Staatsarchiv Zürich, formally the Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich, are the state archives of the Swiss Canton of Zürich and its legal predecessors, in particular the former city republic of Zürich. History The state archives host the ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terry Cook (archivist)
Terry Cook (June 6, 1947 – May 12, 2014) was a noted Canadian archivist and scholar in archival studies. Biography Dr. Terry Cook was born in Vancouver in 1947. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Alberta in 1969, his Master of Arts from Carleton University in 1970, and his Ph.D. in Canadian History from Queen's University in 1977. He worked for the National Archives of Canada, specializing in archival appraisal, for a number of years. He was also an Associate Professor for the Archival Studies Program in the Department of History at the University of Manitoba from 1998-2012. During his time at the National Archives, he established himself as a respected voice in archival theory, particularly for the development of macroappraisal. He worked as an archival consultant at Clio Consulting from 1996 to 2014. In 1998, he became a professor in the Archival Studies Program at the University of Manitoba. Cook was named a Fellow of the Society of American Archivis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
